2023
Bartonella in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from the urban slum environment in Brazil
Zeppelini C, Oliveira D, Kosoy M, Reis M, Ko A, Childs J, Costa F. Bartonella in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from the urban slum environment in Brazil. Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciências 2023, 95: e20220809. PMID: 37909607, DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220809.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2022
Linking rattiness, geography and environmental degradation to spillover Leptospira infections in marginalised urban settings: An eco-epidemiological community-based cohort study in Brazil
Eyre MT, Souza FN, Carvalho-Pereira T, Nery N, de Oliveira D, Cruz JS, Sacramento GA, Khalil H, Wunder EA, Hacker KP, Hagan JE, Childs JE, Reis MG, Begon M, Diggle PJ, Ko AI, Giorgi E, Costa F. Linking rattiness, geography and environmental degradation to spillover Leptospira infections in marginalised urban settings: An eco-epidemiological community-based cohort study in Brazil. ELife 2022, 11: e73120. PMID: 36111781, PMCID: PMC9560157, DOI: 10.7554/elife.73120.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfection riskSignificant global public health burdenCommunity-based cohort studyGlobal public health burdenPublic health burdenAgents of leptospirosisExposure of interestYears of agePublic health interventionsHigh-risk communitiesJoint spatial modellingZoonotic spilloverCohort studyHuman infection riskMale genderSerological evidenceHealth burdenLeptospira infectionLeptospiral infectionInfection rateHealth interventionsEco-epidemiological studiesHealth surveillanceFundação de Amparo à PesquisaOswaldo Cruz FoundationPopulation dynamics of synanthropic rodents after a chemical and infrastructural intervention in an urban low-income community
Awoniyi A, Venegas-Vargas C, Souza F, Zeppelini C, Hacker K, Carvalho-Pereira T, Marins C, de Santana M, Pertile A, Begon M, Ko A, Diggle P, Reis M, Childs J, da Silva E, Costa F, Khalil H. Population dynamics of synanthropic rodents after a chemical and infrastructural intervention in an urban low-income community. Scientific Reports 2022, 12: 10109. PMID: 35710879, PMCID: PMC9203450, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14474-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUrban low-income communityLow-income communitiesEffects of interventionsPre-intervention levelsSynanthropic rodentsLong-term effectsRodent infestationInterventionRodent control programsLongitudinal studyCity of SalvadorControl programsActivity/abundanceRodentsPopulationHousehold/Pose risksYearsStudy
2021
Genetic Evidence for a Potential Environmental Pathway to Spillover Infection of Rat-Borne Leptospirosis
Casanovas-Massana A, de Oliveira D, Schneider AG, Begon M, Childs JE, Costa F, Reis MG, Ko AI, Wunder EA. Genetic Evidence for a Potential Environmental Pathway to Spillover Infection of Rat-Borne Leptospirosis. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2021, 225: 130-134. PMID: 34139761, PMCID: PMC8730487, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab323.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPotential environmental pathwaysEnvironmental reservoirsSpillover infectionsEnvironmental pathwaysHuman leptospirosis casesSevere leptospirosisLeptospirosis infectionLeptospirosis casesMolecular epidemiologyGenetic evidencePathogenic LeptospiraLeptospira interrogansInfectionLeptospirosisUrban slumsSpillover pathwaysRat specimensReservoirPathwayUrban communitiesCommunityEpidemiology
2020
Effects of Accounting for Interval-Censored Antibody Titer Decay on Seroincidence in a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Leptospirosis
Bonner K, Cruz JS, Sacramento GA, de Oliveira D, Nery N, Carvalho M, Costa F, Childs JE, Ko AI, Diggle PJ. Effects of Accounting for Interval-Censored Antibody Titer Decay on Seroincidence in a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Leptospirosis. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2020, 190: 893-899. PMID: 33274738, PMCID: PMC8096484, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa253.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLongitudinal cohort studyCohort studyMicroscopic agglutination test titersAgglutination test titersHigh transmission settingsPoint-source exposureSeroincidence ratesEstimates of infectionRisk factorsTest titersReported casesEpidemiologic implicationsInfection rateMean infection rateSerological samplesSerological assaysLeptospirosis casesInfectionArboviral diseasesTiter dilutionsSeroincidenceSource exposureLeptospirosisSample size estimationInterval
2007
Pre-spillover Prevention of Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: What Are the Targets and What Are the Tools?
Childs J. Pre-spillover Prevention of Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: What Are the Targets and What Are the Tools? Current Topics In Microbiology And Immunology 2007, 315: 389-443. PMID: 17848073, PMCID: PMC7120954, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_16.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIntroduction: Conceptualizing and Partitioning the Emergence Process of Zoonotic Viruses from Wildlife to Humans
Childs J, Richt J, Mackenzie J. Introduction: Conceptualizing and Partitioning the Emergence Process of Zoonotic Viruses from Wildlife to Humans. Current Topics In Microbiology And Immunology 2007, 315: 1-31. PMID: 17848058, PMCID: PMC7122288, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_1.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2006
Animal-based national surveillance for zoonotic disease: Quality, limitations, and implications of a model system for monitoring rabies
Childs J, Krebs J, Real L, Gordon E. Animal-based national surveillance for zoonotic disease: Quality, limitations, and implications of a model system for monitoring rabies. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 2006, 78: 246-261. PMID: 17129622, PMCID: PMC7114326, DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.10.014.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2005
Spatial Dynamics and Molecular Ecology of North American Rabies
Real L, Russell C, Waller L, Smith D, Childs J. Spatial Dynamics and Molecular Ecology of North American Rabies. Journal Of Heredity 2005, 96: 253-260. PMID: 15677743, DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esi031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMacro-evolutionary time scalesLocal environmental variablesRemarkable model systemEvolutionary geneticsMolecular ecologyHost specificityPopulation ecologySpatial dynamicsAccidental introductionWildlife populationsNorth AmericaRNA virusesPattern of emergenceEnvironmental variablesGenetic heterogeneityEastern United StatesRaccoon populationsModel systemEcologyImportant viral zoonotic diseaseVirginia borderEpidemic expansionRegions of EuropeVirus variantsTemporal occurrence
2004
Temporal dynamics of rabies in a wildlife host and the risk of cross-species transmission
GORDON E, CURNS A, KREBS J, RUPPRECHT C, REAL L, CHILDS J. Temporal dynamics of rabies in a wildlife host and the risk of cross-species transmission. Epidemiology And Infection 2004, 132: 515-524. PMID: 15188720, PMCID: PMC2870130, DOI: 10.1017/s0950268804002067.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchZoonotic viruses of wildlife: hither from yon
Childs J. Zoonotic viruses of wildlife: hither from yon. Archives Of Virology. Supplementa 2004, 1-11. PMID: 15119758, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0572-6_1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsZoonotic virusesCross-species virus transmissionImportant zoonotic virusesCross-species transmissionSubsequent disease outbreaksWest Nile virusEvolutionary factorsVirus adaptationWildlife diseasesSpillover hostsVirus emergenceWildlife reservoir hostsRecent discoveryReservoir hostsNipah virusHostNile virusInter-species contactVirusDisease outbreaksVirus transmissionSpeciesWildlifeHendraEpidemic emergence
2003
Physician Knowledge of the Diagnosis and Management of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
O'REILLY M, PADDOCK C, ELCHOS B, GODDARD J, CHILDS J, CURRIE M. Physician Knowledge of the Diagnosis and Management of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences 2003, 990: 295-301. PMID: 12860642, DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07379.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHealth districtHigh case fatality rateRocky Mountain Spotted FeverDifferent health districtsInitiation of therapyOnset of rashDevelopment of rashOnset of symptomsPrimary care physiciansAntibiotic of choiceCase fatality ratePublic health districtsAppropriate treatment strategyFamily practice physiciansPercent of physiciansTick-borne illnessAgent of choiceEmergency medicine physiciansChildren 8 yearsNonspecific symptomsAntibiotic therapyAppropriate patientsPediatric patientsCare physiciansMedian time
2001
Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2000.
Krebs J, Mondul A, Rupprecht C, Childs J. Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2000. Journal Of The American Veterinary Medical Association 2001, 219: 1687-99. PMID: 11767918, DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.219.1687.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCases of rabiesRabid skunksDog/coyote variantGray fox variantGreatest numerical increaseSheep/goatsEnzootic raccoon rabiesRabies casesRaccoon-associated variantEpizootic of rabiesRabies control programRabies virusDomestic speciesRabid raccoonsWild animalsCanine variantConsecutive yearsCattleRabies surveillanceControl programsRabiesRaccoonsRaccoon rabiesDisease controlFourth consecutive yearEvidence of rodent-associated Bartonella and Rickettsia infections among intravenous drug users from Central and East Harlem, New York City.
Comer J, Diaz T, Vlahov D, Monterroso E, Childs J. Evidence of rodent-associated Bartonella and Rickettsia infections among intravenous drug users from Central and East Harlem, New York City. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2001, 65: 855-60. PMID: 11791987, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.855.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialBartonellaBartonella InfectionsCohort StudiesCross ReactionsFemaleFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectHIV SeropositivityHumansMaleNew York CityPrevalenceRatsRickettsiaRickettsia InfectionsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurveys and QuestionnairesUrban HealthConceptsInjection drug usersDrug usersGroup rickettsiaeSerum samplesIntravenous drug usersCross-adsorption studiesEast HarlemR. akari infectionPrimary etiologic agentTyphus group rickettsiaeFever group rickettsiaeIDU populationHigh prevalenceEtiologic agentNew York CityRickettsia akariBartonella henselaeAntigenTesting panelsRickettsia typhiB. henselaeBartonella quintanaR. rickettsiiRickettsia infectionR. akariAnalysis of Risk Factors for Fatal Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Evidence for Superiority of Tetracyclines for Therapy
Holman R, Paddock C, Curns A, Krebs J, McQuiston J, Childs J. Analysis of Risk Factors for Fatal Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Evidence for Superiority of Tetracyclines for Therapy. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2001, 184: 1437-1444. PMID: 11709786, DOI: 10.1086/324372.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk factorsFatal Rocky Mountain Spotted FeverRocky Mountain Spotted FeverOnset of symptomsCase fatality rateTetracycline-class antibioticsPrimary therapyClinical characteristicsOlder patientsAppropriate therapyRMSF casesNonfatal casesNational surveillanceHigh riskSpotted FeverPatientsEffective antibioticsTherapyDeathFeverAntibioticsTreatmentSymptomsFactorsDiseasePersistent infection in Neotoma fuscipes (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) with Ehrlichia phagocytophila sensu lato.
Castro M, Nicholson W, Kramer V, Childs J. Persistent infection in Neotoma fuscipes (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) with Ehrlichia phagocytophila sensu lato. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 2001, 65: 261-7. PMID: 11693866, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2001.65.261.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialArachnid VectorsBase SequenceBorrelia burgdorferiCaliforniaDisease ReservoirsDNA, BacterialEhrlichiaEhrlichiosisFemaleFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectHeat-Shock ProteinsHumansIxodesMaleMicePolymerase Chain ReactionRatsRodent DiseasesSeasonsSeroepidemiologic StudiesSigmodontinaeZoonosesConceptsPolymerase chain reaction testingGroESL heat shock operonPersistent infectionReaction testingRatsE. phagocytophilaLyme diseaseBorrelia burgdorferiMiceSeropositive animalsDusky-footed wood ratsPCRWood ratsSeroreversionSensu latoSeroconversionSeropositiveBiopsySerologySeroreactivityInfectionDiseaseBloodAdult Ixodes pacificus CooleySerumInfections with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii in Persons Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Paddock C, Folk S, Shore G, Machado L, Huycke M, Slater L, Liddell A, Buller R, Storch G, Monson T, Rimland D, Sumner J, Singleton J, Bloch K, Tang Y, Standaert S, Childs J. Infections with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii in Persons Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2001, 33: 1586-1594. PMID: 11568857, DOI: 10.1086/323981.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusImmunodeficiency virusE. ewingiiE. chaffeensisCases of ehrlichiosisDiagnosis of ehrlichiosisT-lymphocyte countsCells/microL.Ehrlichia ewingiiEhrlichia chaffeensisLife-threatening illnessLymphocyte countClinical courseHIV infectionMedical managementPatient cohortSevere manifestationsPatientsLaboratory evaluationEhrlichiosisChaffeensisInfectionEwingiiMultiple factorsVirusClinical and Serological Follow-Up of Patients with Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Slovenia
Lotrič-Furlan S, Avsic-Zupanc T, Petrovec M, Nicholson W, Sumner J, Childs J, Strle F. Clinical and Serological Follow-Up of Patients with Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Slovenia. MSphere 2001, 8: 899-903. PMID: 11527800, PMCID: PMC96168, DOI: 10.1128/cdli.8.5.899-903.2001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman granulocytic ehrlichiosisAntibody titersTick biteLong-term clinical consequencesGranulocytic ehrlichiosisIFA antibody titersOnset of feverSerological Follow-UpHigh antibody titersMost time pointsSeronegative patientsSeropositive patientsAdult patientsFebrile illnessPatients 6Initial presentationClinical outcomesAntibody responseClinical evaluationFollow-upReciprocal titersClinical consequencesSerum collectionFirst presentationPatientsProspective Assessment of the Etiology of Acute Febrile Illness after a Tick Bite in Slovenia
Lotrič-Furlan S, Petrovec M, Avsic-Zupanc T, Nicholson W, Sumner J, Childs J, Strle F. Prospective Assessment of the Etiology of Acute Febrile Illness after a Tick Bite in Slovenia. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2001, 33: 503-510. PMID: 11462187, DOI: 10.1086/322586.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsBites and StingsBorrelia burgdorferi GroupCohort StudiesEhrlichiaEhrlichia chaffeensisEhrlichiosisEncephalitis Viruses, Tick-BorneEncephalitis, Tick-BorneFemaleFeverHumansLyme DiseaseMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesSloveniaTick-Borne DiseasesTicksConceptsFebrile illnessTick biteEhrlichia phagocytophila infectionAcute febrile illnessTickborne diseasesEvidence of infectionBorrelia burgdorferi sensu latoMeningeal involvementProspective studyClinical criteriaBurgdorferi sensu latoTickborne encephalitisProspective assessmentPatientsLaboratory evidenceImportant causeBacterial infectionsIllnessLyme borreliosisInfectionDiseaseResidents of SloveniaEtiologyBiteEncephalitisUrban Zoonoses Caused by Bartonella, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia Species
Comer J, Paddock C, Childs J. Urban Zoonoses Caused by Bartonella, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia Species. Vector-Borne And Zoonotic Diseases 2001, 1: 91-118. PMID: 12653141, DOI: 10.1089/153036601316977714.Peer-Reviewed Original Research