2020
Obesity-Linked PPARγ S273 Phosphorylation Promotes Insulin Resistance through Growth Differentiation Factor 3
Hall JA, Ramachandran D, Roh HC, DiSpirito JR, Belchior T, Zushin PH, Palmer C, Hong S, Mina AI, Liu B, Deng Z, Aryal P, Jacobs C, Tenen D, Brown CW, Charles JF, Shulman GI, Kahn BB, Tsai LTY, Rosen ED, Spiegelman BM, Banks AS. Obesity-Linked PPARγ S273 Phosphorylation Promotes Insulin Resistance through Growth Differentiation Factor 3. Cell Metabolism 2020, 32: 665-675.e6. PMID: 32941798, PMCID: PMC7543662, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInsulin resistanceInsulin sensitivitySide effectsObesity-linked phosphorylationSignificant side effectsLigands of PPARγHyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experimentsPromotes Insulin ResistanceDiabetogenic roleReceptor agonismGrowth differentiation factor 3Healthy miceBody weightMice revealsThiazolidinedionesClamp experimentsPPARγMiceInhibits BMPFamily membersFactor 3Putative targetsSerine 273Ectopic expressionBMP family members
1998
Efficacy and Metabolic Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Inzucchi S, Maggs D, Spollett G, Page S, Rife F, Walton V, Shulman G. Efficacy and Metabolic Effects of Metformin and Troglitazone in Type II Diabetes Mellitus. New England Journal Of Medicine 1998, 338: 867-873. PMID: 9516221, DOI: 10.1056/nejm199803263381303.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndogenous glucose productionPlasma glucose concentrationPostprandial plasma glucose concentrationsPeripheral glucose disposalType 2 diabetesMetformin therapyTroglitazone therapyGlucose disposalGlucose productionHemoglobin valuesGlucose concentrationType II diabetes mellitusAdditive beneficial effectsSingle-drug therapyDiabetes mellitusGlycemic controlCombination therapyPoor responseMetabolic effectsPhysiologic effectsMetforminPatientsTherapyTroglitazoneBeneficial effects
1991
The effect of CP 68,722, a thiozolidinedione derivative, on insulin sensitivity in lean and obese Zucker rats
Bowen L, Stein P, Stevenson R, Shulman G. The effect of CP 68,722, a thiozolidinedione derivative, on insulin sensitivity in lean and obese Zucker rats. Metabolism 1991, 40: 1025-1030. PMID: 1943727, DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(91)90124-f.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatic glucose productionInsulin-induced suppressionObese animalsObese Zucker ratsGlucose disposalInsulin sensitivityDrug treatmentFree fatty acidsZucker ratsHigher insulin infusion ratesEuglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp techniqueInsulin-resistant animal modelsPeripheral glucose disposalHyperinsulinemic clamp techniquePeripheral glucose uptakeInsulin infusion rateInsulin clampInsulin suppressionKetone levelsInfusion rateAnimal modelsClamp techniqueEffect of CPLean animalsLipid metabolism