2024
O-GlcNAc modification in endothelial cells modulates adiposity via fat absorption from the intestine in mice
Ohgaku S, Ida S, Ohashi N, Morino K, Ishikado A, Yanagimachi T, Murata K, Sato D, Ugi S, Nasiri A, Shulman G, Maegawa H, Kume S, Fujita Y. O-GlcNAc modification in endothelial cells modulates adiposity via fat absorption from the intestine in mice. Heliyon 2024, 10: e34490. PMID: 39130439, PMCID: PMC11315187, DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34490.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEndothelial cellsHigh-fat dietControl miceLipid absorptionExpression of VEGFR3Body weightNitric oxide donorReduced body weightKnockout miceTherapeutic strategiesOxide donorDecreased expressionIntercellular junctionsMiceHigh-fatNutrient-sensing mechanismsFat absorptionO-GlcNAcylationGlucose metabolismVE-cadherinMorphological alterationsMetabolic regulatory mechanismsJunction morphologyLipid metabolismO-GlcNAc transferase1886-LB: Safety, PK, and Preliminary Efficacy of the Liver-Targeted Mitochondrial Protonophore TLC-6740—A Phase 1 Study
GANE E, HUSS R, SUR J, MURAKAMI E, WENG S, KIRBY B, SHAH A, SHULMAN G, SUBRAMANIAN M, VIJAYAKUMAR A, MYERS R. 1886-LB: Safety, PK, and Preliminary Efficacy of the Liver-Targeted Mitochondrial Protonophore TLC-6740—A Phase 1 Study. Diabetes 2024, 73 DOI: 10.2337/db24-1886-lb.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTreatment of obesityAdverse eventsSteady-state half-lifeEvaluate food effectsPhase 1 studyDose-dependent improvementDose-dependent reductionProportion of subjectsUnrelated to treatmentDose-dependent mannerMAD cohortsLab abnormalitiesSerum totalLDL-CFood effectHealthy subjectsClinical useWeight lossImpact of foodBody weightPreliminary efficacyObesityHalf-lifeTreatmentMitochondrial uncoupling
2020
Effect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults
Kahleova H, Petersen KF, Shulman GI, Alwarith J, Rembert E, Tura A, Hill M, Holubkov R, Barnard ND. Effect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3: e2025454. PMID: 33252690, PMCID: PMC7705596, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25454.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAbsorptiometry, PhotonAdultAgedBlood GlucoseBody CompositionBody WeightCholesterolCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLC-PeptideDiet, Fat-RestrictedDiet, VeganEnergy IntakeEnergy MetabolismFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHepatocytesHumansInsulinInsulin ResistanceIntra-Abdominal FatLipid MetabolismLiverMaleMiddle AgedMuscle Fibers, SkeletalMuscle, SkeletalObesityOverweightPostprandial PeriodProton Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyTriglyceridesConceptsLow-fat vegan dietHomeostasis model assessment indexIntramyocellular lipid levelsModel assessment indexIntervention groupLipid levelsBody weightInsulin resistancePostprandial metabolismVegan dietOverweight adultsDietary interventionInsulin sensitivityThermic effectControl groupPlant-based dietary interventionDual X-ray absorptiometryInsulin resistance leadExcess body weightInsulin sensitivity indexType 2 diabetesMajor health problemProton magnetic resonance spectroscopyX-ray absorptiometrySubset of participantsObesity-Linked PPARγ S273 Phosphorylation Promotes Insulin Resistance through Growth Differentiation Factor 3
Hall JA, Ramachandran D, Roh HC, DiSpirito JR, Belchior T, Zushin PH, Palmer C, Hong S, Mina AI, Liu B, Deng Z, Aryal P, Jacobs C, Tenen D, Brown CW, Charles JF, Shulman GI, Kahn BB, Tsai LTY, Rosen ED, Spiegelman BM, Banks AS. Obesity-Linked PPARγ S273 Phosphorylation Promotes Insulin Resistance through Growth Differentiation Factor 3. Cell Metabolism 2020, 32: 665-675.e6. PMID: 32941798, PMCID: PMC7543662, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInsulin resistanceInsulin sensitivitySide effectsObesity-linked phosphorylationSignificant side effectsLigands of PPARγHyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experimentsPromotes Insulin ResistanceDiabetogenic roleReceptor agonismGrowth differentiation factor 3Healthy miceBody weightMice revealsThiazolidinedionesClamp experimentsPPARγMiceInhibits BMPFamily membersFactor 3Putative targetsSerine 273Ectopic expressionBMP family membersEffect of a ketogenic diet on hepatic steatosis and hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Luukkonen PK, Dufour S, Lyu K, Zhang XM, Hakkarainen A, Lehtimäki TE, Cline GW, Petersen KF, Shulman GI, Yki-Järvinen H. Effect of a ketogenic diet on hepatic steatosis and hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2020, 117: 7347-7354. PMID: 32179679, PMCID: PMC7132133, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922344117.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBody CompositionCitrate (si)-SynthaseDiet, KetogenicFatty AcidsFatty Acids, NonesterifiedFatty LiverFemaleHumansInsulinInsulin ResistanceLipoproteins, VLDLLiverMaleMiddle AgedMitochondriaNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseObesityOverweightOxidation-ReductionPyruvate CarboxylaseTriglyceridesConceptsNonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseFatty liver diseaseIntrahepatic triglyceridesKetogenic dietHepatic insulin resistanceNonesterified fatty acidsInsulin resistanceLiver diseaseOverweight/obese subjectsHepatic mitochondrial redox stateSerum insulin concentrationsHepatic mitochondrial metabolismProton magnetic resonance spectroscopyStable isotope infusionKD dietObese subjectsFatty acidsPlasma leptinHepatic steatosisInsulin concentrationsNEFA concentrationsBody weightTriiodothyronine concentrationsIsotope infusionWeight lossSlc20a1/Pit1 and Slc20a2/Pit2 are essential for normal skeletal myofiber function and survival
Chande S, Caballero D, Ho BB, Fetene J, Serna J, Pesta D, Nasiri A, Jurczak M, Chavkin NW, Hernando N, Giachelli CM, Wagner CA, Zeiss C, Shulman GI, Bergwitz C. Slc20a1/Pit1 and Slc20a2/Pit2 are essential for normal skeletal myofiber function and survival. Scientific Reports 2020, 10: 3069. PMID: 32080237, PMCID: PMC7033257, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59430-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHyp miceMuscle functionSkeletal muscleMyofiber functionNormal body weightSkeletal muscle atrophyGene dose-dependent reductionConditional knockout miceReduced oxygen consumption rateStimulation of AMP kinaseKnockout miceHypophosphatemic disordersMuscle atrophyERK1/2 activationGrip strengthConditional deletionHormonal changesLow bloodBody weightC2C12 myoblastsMiceFurther evaluationBlood phosphateDependent reductionAMP kinase
2008
N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine, a Gut- Derived Circulating Factor Induced by Fat Ingestion, Inhibits Food Intake
Gillum MP, Zhang D, Zhang XM, Erion DM, Jamison RA, Choi C, Dong J, Shanabrough M, Duenas HR, Frederick DW, Hsiao JJ, Horvath TL, Lo CM, Tso P, Cline GW, Shulman GI. N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine, a Gut- Derived Circulating Factor Induced by Fat Ingestion, Inhibits Food Intake. Cell 2008, 135: 813-824. PMID: 19041747, PMCID: PMC2643061, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.043.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFood intakeInhibits food intakeTreatment of obesityNovel therapeutic targetCentral nervous systemUnknown physiological significanceFat ingestionCirculating factorsN-acylphosphatidylethanolaminePlasma lipidsIntracerebroventricular infusionPhysiologic dosesSystemic administrationTherapeutic targetBody weightNervous systemIngested fatSmall intestineIntakeTaste aversionInfusionPhysiological significanceNanomolar amountsObesityHypothalamus
1997
The Effect of Leptin Is Enhanced by Microinjection Into the Ventromedial Hypothalamus
Jacob R, Dziura J, Medwick M, Leone P, Caprio S, During M, Shulman G, Sherwin R. The Effect of Leptin Is Enhanced by Microinjection Into the Ventromedial Hypothalamus. Diabetes 1997, 46: 150-152. PMID: 8971096, DOI: 10.2337/diab.46.1.150.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVentromedial hypothalamusFood intakeBody weightDistinct central nervous system regionsBrain regionsCentral nervous system regionsTwice-daily injectionsDorsal raphe nucleusSuppress food intakeEffects of leptinNervous system regionsRecombinant human leptinBody weight changesLeptin-induced effectsDaily food intakeBrain cannulaDorsal rapheLeptin administrationRaphe nucleusGuide cannulaMale ratsLateral ventricleSmall doseLeptinHuman leptin