2008
Exogenous Reinfection as a Cause of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural South Africa
Andrews JR, Gandhi NR, Moodley P, Shah NS, Bohlken L, Moll AP, Pillay M, Friedland G, Sturm AW, Collaboration O. Exogenous Reinfection as a Cause of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural South Africa. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2008, 198: 1582-1589. PMID: 18847372, DOI: 10.1086/592991.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisXDR tuberculosisExogenous reinfectionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionEffective infection control strategiesInitial isolatesCause of MDRTB treatment programsTransmission of MDRCulture-positive tuberculosisHIV infection statusImmunodeficiency virus infectionInfection control strategiesDevelopment of MDRResistant tuberculosisMultidrug-ResistantHigh prevalenceVirus infectionPatientsReinfectionRural South AfricaTreatment programTuberculosisInfection statusTugela Ferry
1991
Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type II (HTLV-II) Infection in a Cohort of New York Intravenous Drug Users: An Old Infection?
Khabbaz R, Hartel D, Lairmore M, Horsburgh C, Schoenbaum E, Roberts B, Hartley T, Friedland G. Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type II (HTLV-II) Infection in a Cohort of New York Intravenous Drug Users: An Old Infection? The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1991, 163: 252-256. PMID: 1988509, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/163.2.252.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntravenous drug usersHuman T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) infectionHTLV-II infectionType II infectionPolymerase chain reactionRisk factorsHTLV-IIDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV infection statusImmunodeficiency virus infectionIntravenous drug useMethadone maintenance programTransfusion historyNeedle sharingVirus infectionSerologic resultsSex partnersDrug useShooting galleriesEndemic infectionInfectionOlder ageInfection statusOld infection