1994
Enhanced stress responsivity of tourette syndrome patients undergoing lumbar puncture
Chappell P, Riddle M, Anderson G, Scahill L, Hardin M, Walker D, Cohen D, Leckman J. Enhanced stress responsivity of tourette syndrome patients undergoing lumbar puncture. Biological Psychiatry 1994, 36: 35-43. PMID: 8080901, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90060-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTS patientsLumbar punctureNormal controlsTourette syndromeClinician ratingsEnhanced stress responsivityLumbar puncture stressUrinary norepinephrine excretionTourette syndrome patientsPeak ACTH levelsNorepinephrine excretionACTH levelsSympathetic systemAdrenal axisMedication responsivenessMore norepinephrinePhonic ticsSyndrome patientsUrinary catecholaminesMore ACTHPatientsTic severityNeuropsychiatric disordersSymptom severityStress responsivity
1993
Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of the selective kappa agonist spiradoline in Tourette's syndrome: A pilot study
Chappell P, Leckman J, Scahill L, Hardin M, Anderson G, Cohen D. Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of the selective kappa agonist spiradoline in Tourette's syndrome: A pilot study. Psychiatry Research 1993, 47: 267-280. PMID: 8396784, DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90084-t.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNormal control subjectsTourette syndromeTic frequencyControl subjectsTS patientsMicrograms/Clinician ratingsKappa agonist spiradolineInvolvement of opioidRole of opioidsGrowth hormone secretionDual modulatory effectsDose-response studyMotor tic frequencyMore growth hormoneTic symptomsHormone secretionNeuroendocrine effectsKappa receptorsPhonic ticsSpiradoline mesylateIntermediate doseLow doseModulatory effectsSpiradoline