2009
Innate Immune Responses to West Nile Virus Infection
Arjona A, Fikrig E. Innate Immune Responses to West Nile Virus Infection. Emerging Infectious Diseases Of The 21st Century 2009, 169-187. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-79840-0_8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchWest Nile virus infectionPathogen recognition receptorsImmune cellsVirus infectionImmune responseBlood-brain barrier permeabilityInnate immune cellsAdaptive immune responsesInnate immune mechanismsInnate immune responseInnate antiviral immunityWNV neuroinvasionProinflammatory cytokinesCostimulatory moleculesImmune mechanismsBarrier permeabilityAntiviral immunityWNV infectionInnate responseAntiviral stateInfectionCytokinesDetrimental effectsCurrent understandingImmunopathogenesis
2002
The Lyme Disease Vaccine Takes Its Toll
Thomas V, Fikrig E. The Lyme Disease Vaccine Takes Its Toll. Vector-Borne And Zoonotic Diseases 2002, 2: 217-222. PMID: 12804162, DOI: 10.1089/153036602321653798.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialAntigens, SurfaceBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBacterial VaccinesBorrelia burgdorferiHumansLipoproteinsLyme DiseaseLyme Disease VaccinesMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMice, KnockoutReceptors, Cell SurfaceToll-Like Receptor 1Toll-Like Receptor 2Toll-Like ReceptorsConceptsTLR2-deficient miceToll-like receptorsPathogen-associated molecular patternsOspA antibodiesSpecific Toll-like receptorsBorrelia burgdorferi outer surface proteinDetectable humoral responseMolecular patternsProtective immune responseLyme disease vaccineDistinct pathogen-associated molecular patternsVaccine recipientsHumoral responseOspA vaccineCell surface expressionOspA vaccinationImmune responseDisease vaccineInnate responseTLR2Protective responseOuter surface proteinsTLR1Lyme diseaseDevelopment of responsesHyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice
Alexopoulou L, Thomas V, Schnare M, Lobet Y, Anguita J, Schoen RT, Medzhitov R, Fikrig E, Flavell RA. Hyporesponsiveness to vaccination with Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in humans and in TLR1- and TLR2-deficient mice. Nature Medicine 2002, 8: 878-884. PMID: 12091878, DOI: 10.1038/nm732.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialAntigens, SurfaceBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBacterial VaccinesBorrelia burgdorferiCell SeparationCells, CulturedDrosophila ProteinsHumansInterleukinsLipoproteinsLyme Disease VaccinesMacrophagesMembrane GlycoproteinsMiceMice, KnockoutReceptors, Cell SurfaceSignal TransductionToll-Like Receptor 1Toll-Like Receptor 2Toll-Like ReceptorsConceptsToll-like receptor 1Less tumor necrosis factorTLR2-deficient miceLow antibody titersLyme disease vaccineTumor necrosis factorLow cell surface expressionOuter surface lipoproteinsVaccine recipientsAntibody titersInterleukin-6Cell surface expressionNecrosis factorOspA vaccinationDisease vaccineLow respondersInnate responseTLR2Low titersReceptor 1Substantial titersVaccinationMiceTLR1Borrelia burgdorferi