2016
Effect of Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying Therapies on B Cells and Humoral Immunity
Longbrake EE, Cross AH. Effect of Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying Therapies on B Cells and Humoral Immunity. JAMA Neurology 2016, 73: 1-7. PMID: 26720195, DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.3977.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisease-modifying therapiesB cell immunityB cellsMultiple sclerosisAnti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10B-cell-depleting agentsMultiple Sclerosis Disease-Modifying TherapiesMost disease-modifying therapiesCytokine interleukin-10Memory B cellsB cell functionB-cell phenotypeB cell expressionB cell productionNaive B cellsMagnetic resonance imagingB cell precursorsClinical courseTherapeutic trialsInterleukin-10Proinflammatory cytokinesHumoral immunityClinical activityTherapeutic interventionsResonance imaging
2013
Monoclonal Antibodies as Disease Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis
Longbrake EE, Parks BJ, Cross AH. Monoclonal Antibodies as Disease Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis. Current Neurology And Neuroscience Reports 2013, 13: 390. PMID: 24027005, PMCID: PMC3967547, DOI: 10.1007/s11910-013-0390-z.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2011
Deficient CX3CR1 Signaling Promotes Recovery after Mouse Spinal Cord Injury by Limiting the Recruitment and Activation of Ly6Clo/iNOS+ Macrophages
Donnelly DJ, Longbrake EE, Shawler TM, Kigerl KA, Lai W, Tovar CA, Ransohoff RM, Popovich PG. Deficient CX3CR1 Signaling Promotes Recovery after Mouse Spinal Cord Injury by Limiting the Recruitment and Activation of Ly6Clo/iNOS+ Macrophages. Journal Of Neuroscience 2011, 31: 9910-9922. PMID: 21734283, PMCID: PMC3139517, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2114-11.2011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAntigens, LyCD11 AntigensCells, CulturedChemokine CXCL1CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1Disease Models, AnimalFlow CytometryGene Expression RegulationGreen Fluorescent ProteinsMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicMotor ActivityMyelin Basic ProteinNitric OxideNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIReceptors, ChemokineRecovery of FunctionSignal TransductionSpinal Cord InjuriesConceptsSpinal cord injuryMonocyte-derived macrophagesCord injuryMouse spinal cord injuryTraumatic spinal cord injuryBlockade of CX3CR1Novel monocyte subsetsCX3CR1-deficient miceAnti-inflammatory therapySelective anti-inflammatory therapyWild-type miceDistinct macrophage subsetsInflammatory cytokinesMonocyte subsetsChemokine receptorsFunctional improvementSpinal cordInflammatory signalingNeurotoxic effectsPromotes recoveryMacrophage subsetsLesion siteCX3CR1Oxidative metabolitesMice
2009
Why did IL-12/IL-23 antibody therapy fail in multiple sclerosis?
Longbrake EE, Racke MK. Why did IL-12/IL-23 antibody therapy fail in multiple sclerosis? Expert Review Of Neurotherapeutics 2009, 9: 319-321. PMID: 19271940, DOI: 10.1586/14737175.9.3.319.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultiple sclerosisRelapsing-remitting multiple sclerosisIL-12/ILPhase II clinical trialDose-ranging studyPhase I trialMechanism of actionRadiologic improvementAdvanced diseaseTherapy failsIL-23I trialIL-12/23IL-12Study inclusionPlacebo controlClinical trialsSubcutaneous injectionTreatment groupsAnimal modelsSclerosisPatientsAntibodiesTreatment effectsPhase II
2008
Intra‐neural administration of fractalkine attenuates neuropathic pain‐related behaviour
Holmes FE, Arnott N, Vanderplank P, Kerr NC, Longbrake EE, Popovich PG, Imai T, Combadière C, Murphy PM, Wynick D. Intra‐neural administration of fractalkine attenuates neuropathic pain‐related behaviour. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2008, 106: 640-649. PMID: 18410510, PMCID: PMC2726982, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05419.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalgesicsAnimalsBehavior, AnimalChemokine CX3CL1CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1Disease Models, AnimalDose-Response Relationship, DrugGanglia, SpinalGene Expression RegulationMacrophagesMaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CMice, KnockoutPain MeasurementPain ThresholdReaction TimeReceptors, ChemokineRNA, MessengerSciaticaSpinal CordTime FactorsConceptsDorsal root gangliaNeuropathic pain-related behaviorLumbar dorsal root gangliaBALB/c controlsDevelopment of allodyniaIntra-neural injectionSciatic nerve proximalNeuropathic pain statesNerve injury modelSciatic nerve axotomyPain-related behaviorsExpression of CX3CR1Site of injuryNumber of cytokinesNeuropathic painNerve axotomyPain statesNerve proximalRoot gangliaSciatic nerveInjury modelCX3CR1 mRNAFractalkine mRNAKnockout miceAxotomyCan the immune system be harnessed to repair the CNS?
Popovich PG, Longbrake EE. Can the immune system be harnessed to repair the CNS? Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2008, 9: 481-493. PMID: 18490917, DOI: 10.1038/nrn2398.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRemote activation of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokines predict the onset and severity of below-level neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury in rats
Detloff MR, Fisher LC, McGaughy V, Longbrake EE, Popovich PG, Basso DM. Remote activation of microglia and pro-inflammatory cytokines predict the onset and severity of below-level neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury in rats. Experimental Neurology 2008, 212: 337-347. PMID: 18511041, PMCID: PMC2600773, DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.04.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral nerve injuryL5 dorsal hornRemote microglial activationLevel allodyniaPro-inflammatory cytokinesMicroglial activationNeuropathic painNerve injuryDorsal hornLevel painPro-inflammatory cytokine productionActivator of microgliaLevel neuropathic painRobust microglial activationChronic time pointsSpinal cord injuryLevel of injuryAllodynic ratsChronic allodyniaModerate SCISupraspinal centersCord injuryCytokine productionIL-6IL-1beta
2007
Characterization and modeling of monocyte‐derived macrophages after spinal cord injury
Longbrake EE, Lai W, Ankeny DP, Popovich PG. Characterization and modeling of monocyte‐derived macrophages after spinal cord injury. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2007, 102: 1083-1094. PMID: 17663750, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04617.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsB7-1 AntigenCD11b AntigenCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalFemaleFlow CytometryGene Expression RegulationHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIIn Vitro TechniquesMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPhagocytosisReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA, MessengerSpinal Cord InjuriesTime FactorsConceptsSpinal cord injuryMonocyte-derived macrophagesBone marrow-derived macrophagesCord injurySpinal cordContext of SCIMarrow-derived macrophagesNeuroinflammatory reactionThioglycollate-elicited peritonealEffector cellsPeripheral macrophagesResident peritonealCytokine expressionLaser capture microdissectionReal-time PCRMacrophage subsetsMDM differentiationInjuryMacrophagesCapture microdissectionCordPeritonealMDM responseFunctional consequencesFuture studies