Featured Publications
Consensus Curriculum for Fellowship Training in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology
Hua LH, Obeidat AZ, Amezcua L, Cohen JA, Costello K, Dunn J, Gelfand JM, Goldman MD, Hopkins S, Jeffery D, Krieger S, Newsome SD, Shah S, Sicotte NL, Yadav V, Longbrake EE. Consensus Curriculum for Fellowship Training in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology. Neurology Clinical Practice 2021, 11: 352-357. PMID: 34484933, PMCID: PMC8382436, DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000001040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMultiple sclerosisNeuroimmunologic disordersFellowship trainingNeuroimmune disordersTherapeutic optionsMore subspecialistsSubspecialty workforceSclerosisFellowship curriculumDisordersConsensus curriculumFellowship programsFuture training programsTraining programPatientsNeuroimmunologySubspecialistsCare
2024
Shifting our attention earlier in the multiple sclerosis disease course
Epstein S, Longbrake E. Shifting our attention earlier in the multiple sclerosis disease course. Current Opinion In Neurology 2024, 37: 212-219. PMID: 38546031, DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001268.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRadiologically isolated syndromeDisease courseStages of MSPrompt initiation of therapyDiagnostic criteriaInitiation of therapyMultiple sclerosisHigh-risk patientsClinical diseaseDisease modifying therapy useMS disease courseRandomized controlled trialsImmunomodulatory therapyPrompt initiationClinical outcomesTherapy useDiagnosed patientsMultiple sclerosis disease courseClinical MSHigh riskPatientsControlled trialsPrevent onsetDisease biologyTherapy
2023
A multicenter pilot study evaluating simplified central vein assessment for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Daboul L, O’Donnell C, Amin M, Rodrigues P, Derbyshire J, Azevedo C, Bar-Or A, Caverzasi E, Calabresi P, Cree B, Freeman L, Henry R, Longbrake E, Oh J, Papinutto N, Pelletier D, Prchkovska V, Raza P, Ramos M, Samudralwar R, Schindler M, Sotirchos E, Sicotte N, Solomon A, Shinohara R, Reich D, Sati P, Ontaneda D. A multicenter pilot study evaluating simplified central vein assessment for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2023, 30: 25-34. PMID: 38088067, PMCID: PMC11037932, DOI: 10.1177/13524585231214360.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral vein signMultiple sclerosisPositive lesionsInter-rater agreementDiagnosis of MSMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkersDiagnostic performancePossible multiple sclerosisInter-rater reliability assessmentGood diagnostic performanceMcDonald criteriaMulticenter studyVein assessmentMean ageVein signImaging biomarkersLesionsMRI sequencesCharacteristic curveSclerosisPatientsDiagnosisAssessmentParticipantsOptimal methodMicrofluidic Immuno‐Serolomic Assay Reveals Systems Level Association with COVID‐19 Pathology and Vaccine Protection (Small Methods 10/2023)
Kim D, Biancon G, Bai Z, VanOudenhove J, Liu Y, Kothari S, Gowda L, Kwan J, Buitrago‐Pocasangre N, Lele N, Asashima H, Racke M, Wilson J, Givens T, Tomayko M, Schulz W, Longbrake E, Hafler D, Halene S, Fan R. Microfluidic Immuno‐Serolomic Assay Reveals Systems Level Association with COVID‐19 Pathology and Vaccine Protection (Small Methods 10/2023). Small Methods 2023, 7 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202370057.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSecondary hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy: Pathogenesis, risk of infection, and disease management
Alvarez E, Longbrake E, Rammohan K, Stankiewicz J, Hersh C. Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy: Pathogenesis, risk of infection, and disease management. Multiple Sclerosis And Related Disorders 2023, 79: 105009. PMID: 37783194, DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of infectionCD20 therapySecondary hypogammaglobulinemiaMultiple sclerosisAnti-CD20 therapySerum immunoglobulin levelsB cell levelsDisease managementImmunoglobulin levelsSerious infectionsTherapy clinical trialsPotential complicationsClinical trialsHypogammaglobulinemiaPatientsTreatment approachesTherapyInfectionSclerosisRiskPossible mechanismMedicationsBest practice approachComplicationsPathogenesisMicrofluidic Immuno‐Serolomic Assay Reveals Systems Level Association with COVID‐19 Pathology and Vaccine Protection
Kim D, Biancon G, Bai Z, VanOudenhove J, Liu Y, Kothari S, Gowda L, Kwan J, Buitrago‐Pocasangre N, Lele N, Asashima H, Racke M, Wilson J, Givens T, Tomayko M, Schulz W, Longbrake E, Hafler D, Halene S, Fan R. Microfluidic Immuno‐Serolomic Assay Reveals Systems Level Association with COVID‐19 Pathology and Vaccine Protection. Small Methods 2023, 7: e2300594. PMID: 37312418, PMCID: PMC10592458, DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300594.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsB cell depletion therapyAcute COVID infectionAnti-spike IgGHigh-risk patientsCoronavirus disease-19COVID-19 pathologyDepletion therapyVaccine protectionAntibody responseCOVID infectionHematologic malignanciesImmune protectionDisease-19Healthy donorsMultiple time pointsSerology assaysBlood samplesSoluble markersB cellsImmunization strategiesPatientsFunctional deficiencySerological analysisTime pointsClonotype diversity
2022
High-Efficacy Therapies for Treatment-Naïve Individuals with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Freeman L, Longbrake E, Coyle P, Hendin B, Vollmer T. High-Efficacy Therapies for Treatment-Naïve Individuals with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. CNS Drugs 2022, 36: 1285-1299. PMID: 36350491, PMCID: PMC9645316, DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00965-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRelapsing-remitting multiple sclerosisHigh-efficacy therapiesMultiple sclerosisClinical benefitEarly treatmentRecent international consensus guidelinesLong-term clinical outcomesAvailable treatment optionsInternational consensus guidelinesTreatment-naïve individualsMechanism of actionDMT optionsMS careDisease courseClinical outcomesConsensus guidelinesTherapy optionsTreatment optionsNeurological damageTreatment strategiesEscalation approachClinical practiceUS FoodDrug AdministrationPatientsThe White Matter Rounds experience: The importance of a multidisciplinary network to accelerate the diagnostic process for adult patients with rare white matter disorders
Huang YT, Giacomini PS, Massie R, Venkateswaran S, Trudelle AM, Fadda G, Sharifian-Dorche M, Boudjani H, Poliquin-Lasnier L, Airas L, Saveriano AW, Ziller MG, Miller E, Martinez-Rios C, Wilson N, Davila J, Rush C, Longbrake EE, Longoni G, Macaron G, Bernard G, Tampieri D, Antel J, Brais B, La Piana R. The White Matter Rounds experience: The importance of a multidisciplinary network to accelerate the diagnostic process for adult patients with rare white matter disorders. Frontiers In Neurology 2022, 13: 928493. PMID: 35959404, PMCID: PMC9359417, DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.928493.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchWhite matter diseaseMultiple sclerosisWhite matter disordersMS specialistsDefinite diagnosisWhite matterAtypical multiple sclerosisUnique diagnostic challengePresent unique diagnostic challengesRare neurological disorderMultidisciplinary networkRadiological overlapNon-genetic conditionsAdult patientsAtypical presentationRetrospective reviewDemyelinating neuropathyDiagnostic challengeGenetic leukoencephalopathiesRadiological dataMulticenter research studiesRare diseasePatientsDiagnostic rateNeurological disordersRisks of Minor and Severe Infections in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Long-term B-cell Depletion (P13-4.011)
Peters J, Longbrake E. Risks of Minor and Severe Infections in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Long-term B-cell Depletion (P13-4.011). Neurology 2022, 98 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.98.18_supplement.1270.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2021
Ocrelizumab impacts IgA coating of immunomodulatory gut bacteria in multiple sclerosis patients (2785)
Janda G, Cohen I, Ruff W, Longbrake E. Ocrelizumab impacts IgA coating of immunomodulatory gut bacteria in multiple sclerosis patients (2785). Neurology 2021, 96 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.96.15_supplement.2785.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2020
Immunomodulatory Effects of DMF Treatment on the Peripheral Lymphocyte Compartment: A Focus on Older MS Patients (478)
Giuliani F, Longbrake E, Mao-Draayer Y, Robertson D, Bar-Or A, Mokliatchouk O, Bame E, Xing D, Parks B, Chen C, Miller C. Immunomodulatory Effects of DMF Treatment on the Peripheral Lymphocyte Compartment: A Focus on Older MS Patients (478). Neurology 2020, 94 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.94.15_supplement.478.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAbsolute Lymphocyte Counts Are Not a Biomarker of Clinical Response in Patients Treated With Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate (830)
Longbrake E, Mao-Draayer Y, Matthews P, Foley J, Zieliński T, Chen C, Mokliatchouk O, Parks B, Sharma A, Xing D, Kapadia S, Bame E. Absolute Lymphocyte Counts Are Not a Biomarker of Clinical Response in Patients Treated With Delayed-Release Dimethyl Fumarate (830). Neurology 2020, 94 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.94.15_supplement.830.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2019
Siponimod Chips Away at Progressive MS
Longbrake EE, Hafler DA. Siponimod Chips Away at Progressive MS. Cell 2019, 179: 1440. PMID: 31951523, PMCID: PMC8023412, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.034.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProgressive multiple sclerosisGadolinium-enhancing MRI lesionsInflammatory disease activityImmunomodulatory medicationsDisability progressionDisease activityMRI lesionsProgressive MSNeurologic disabilityPMS patientsMultiple sclerosisSiponimodMedicationsSclerosisPatientsLesionsBedsideProgression
2017
Streamlined EDSS for use in multiple sclerosis clinical practice: Development and cross-sectional comparison to EDSS
Baldassari LE, Salter AR, Longbrake EE, Cross AH, Naismith RT. Streamlined EDSS for use in multiple sclerosis clinical practice: Development and cross-sectional comparison to EDSS. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2017, 24: 1347-1355. PMID: 28766993, DOI: 10.1177/1352458517721357.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisability Status ScaleStatus ScaleClinical practiceExpanded Disability Status ScaleMultiple sclerosis clinical trialsMultiple sclerosis clinical practiceCross-sectional comparisonCombiRx trialDisability scoresClinical trialsPilot cohortEDSSClinical monitoringPatient careClinical settingPatientsTrialsDisabilityFunctional systemsUseful measureScoringStandard measuresCohortCare
2016
Quantitative visual tests after poorly recovered optic neuritis due to multiple sclerosis
Longbrake EE, Lancia S, Tutlam N, Trinkaus K, Naismith RT. Quantitative visual tests after poorly recovered optic neuritis due to multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis And Related Disorders 2016, 10: 198-203. PMID: 27919490, PMCID: PMC5392253, DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.10.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRetinal nerve fiber layerOptic neuritisVisual dysfunctionMS patientsContrast chartsVisual fieldVFQ-25 scoresPelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chartNerve fiber layerSevere visual dysfunctionSnellen eye chartLow contrast chartsCross-sectional studyContrast sensitivity testQuality of lifeContrast sensitivity chartLow-contrast testsOptical coherence tomographyMultiple sclerosisVisual acuityElectrophysiologic functionPatientsEye chartPR chartNeuritisThe contemporary spectrum of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis
Solomon AJ, Bourdette DN, Cross AH, Applebee A, Skidd PM, Howard DB, Spain RI, Cameron MH, Kim E, Mass MK, Yadav V, Whitham RH, Longbrake EE, Naismith RT, Wu GF, Parks BJ, Wingerchuk DM, Rabin BL, Toledano M, Tobin WO, Kantarci OH, Carter JL, Keegan BM, Weinshenker BG. The contemporary spectrum of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis. Neurology 2016, 87: 1393-1399. PMID: 27581217, PMCID: PMC5047038, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003152.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultiple sclerosisNeurologic symptomsMisdiagnosis of MSAcademic MS centersCorroborative objective evidenceMultiple sclerosis misdiagnosisDisease-modifying therapiesRadiographic diagnostic criteriaNonspecific neurologic symptomsMS therapyConsideration of symptomsCNS lesionsMRI abnormalitiesMS centersUnnecessary morbidityAlternate diagnosisMS attacksCorrect diagnosisDiagnostic criteriaPatientsMisdiagnosisObjective evidenceSymptomsTherapyDiagnosisEfficacy and tolerability of oral versus injectable disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis in clinical practice
Longbrake EE, Cross AH, Salter A. Efficacy and tolerability of oral versus injectable disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis in clinical practice. Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational And Clinical 2016, 2: 2055217316677868. PMID: 28280599, PMCID: PMC5340186, DOI: 10.1177/2055217316677868.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDisease-modifying therapiesMultiple sclerosis activityInjectable disease-modifying therapiesOral disease-modifying therapiesMultiple sclerosisInjectable therapiesBaseline differencesClinical practiceRetrospective cohort studyProportional hazards modelDrug discontinuationCohort studyDiscontinuation ratesTreatment groupsHazards modelSclerosisPatientsTherapyRelative efficacyTolerabilityFurther studiesHigher proportionEfficacyExpert opinionTreatment
2015
Dimethyl fumarate selectively reduces memory T cells in multiple sclerosis patients
Longbrake E, Ramsbottom M, Cantoni C, Ghezzi L, Cross A, Piccio L. Dimethyl fumarate selectively reduces memory T cells in multiple sclerosis patients. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2015, 22: 1061-1070. PMID: 26459150, PMCID: PMC4829494, DOI: 10.1177/1352458515608961.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDMF-treated patientsMemory T cellsMultiple sclerosis patientsT cellsMS patientsDendritic cellsSclerosis patientsEffector memory T cellsUntreated MS patientsMyeloid dendritic cellsAbsolute lymphocyte countPlasmacytoid dendritic cellsNatural killer cellsNaïve T cellsMechanism of actionLymphocyte countLymphopenic patientsRegulatory cellsKiller cellsPeripheral bloodImmune cellsHealthy controlsPatientsB cellsFlow cytometry
2009
Why did IL-12/IL-23 antibody therapy fail in multiple sclerosis?
Longbrake EE, Racke MK. Why did IL-12/IL-23 antibody therapy fail in multiple sclerosis? Expert Review Of Neurotherapeutics 2009, 9: 319-321. PMID: 19271940, DOI: 10.1586/14737175.9.3.319.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultiple sclerosisRelapsing-remitting multiple sclerosisIL-12/ILPhase II clinical trialDose-ranging studyPhase I trialMechanism of actionRadiologic improvementAdvanced diseaseTherapy failsIL-23I trialIL-12/23IL-12Study inclusionPlacebo controlClinical trialsSubcutaneous injectionTreatment groupsAnimal modelsSclerosisPatientsAntibodiesTreatment effectsPhase II