1993
Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut
Heimer R, Kaplan E, Khoshnood K, Jariwala B, Cadman E. Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut. The American Journal Of Medicine 1993, 95: 214-220. PMID: 8356986, DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90263-o.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 proviral DNANeedle exchange programsProviral DNANew Haven's needle exchange programNeedle exchangeHIV-1 prevalenceIntravenous drug usersNeedle exchange clientsDrug treatment programsPercentage of syringesDrug use habitsSyringe trackingDNA prevalenceNew HavenPolymerase chain reactionDrug treatmentDrug usersTreatment programPrevalenceChain reactionExchange programsSyringesMonthsProgram participantsFunded evaluation
1989
Needles That Kill: Modeling Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission via Shared Drug Injection Equipment in Shooting Galleries
Kaplan E. Needles That Kill: Modeling Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission via Shared Drug Injection Equipment in Shooting Galleries. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1989, 11: 289-298. PMID: 2704927, DOI: 10.1093/clinids/11.2.289.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusDrug injection equipmentInfectivity of HIVDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmissionInjection equipmentIntravenous drug usersCase notification dataHIV infectiousnessIntravenous transmissionImmunodeficiency virusAIDS casesNotification dataU.S. CentersShooting galleriesDisease controlVirus transmissionDrug addictsAIDSAddictsRapid spreadPopulationBloodInfectiousnessMonths