T cell anergy
Lasalle J, Hafler D. T cell anergy. The FASEB Journal 1994, 8: 601-608. PMID: 8005388, DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.8.9.8005388.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmunologic self toleranceAutoreactive T cellsT cell anergyMHC class IIT cellsClonal anergyT cell presentationT cell clonal anergySelf antigensCell anergySelf toleranceCell presentationClass IIAutologous T cellsAbsence of costimulationHuman T cellsSecondary unresponsivenessHigh extracellular concentrationsAntigenic stimulationAntigen presentationAntigen resultsAnergyPrimary proliferationPeptide antigensAntigenOral Tolerance: Immunologic Mechanisms and Treatment of Animal and Human Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases by Oral Administration of Autoantigens
Weiner HL, Friedman A, Miller A, Khoury SJ, al-Sabbagh A, Santos L, Sayegh M, Nussenblatt RB, Trentham DE, Hafler DA. Oral Tolerance: Immunologic Mechanisms and Treatment of Animal and Human Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases by Oral Administration of Autoantigens. Annual Review Of Immunology 1994, 12: 809-837. PMID: 8011298, DOI: 10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.004113.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOrgan-specific autoimmune diseasesExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisAntigen-specific fashionOral toleranceRegulatory cellsSuppressive cytokinesAutoimmune diseasesClonal anergyHuman organ-specific autoimmune diseasesGut-associated lymphoid tissueAntigen-nonspecific fashionExperimental autoimmune modelsTh2-type responsePositive clinical effectsProlong graft survivalPeripheral immune toleranceT cell autoreactivityInitial clinical trialsAntigen-induced toleranceActive suppressionOral tolerizationSuppress alloreactivityGraft survivalNOD miceAutoimmune encephalomyelitis