2021
Neuroanatomy of the GnRH/Kisspeptin System
Spergel D. Neuroanatomy of the GnRH/Kisspeptin System. Masterclass In Neuroendocrinology 2021, 12: 197-229. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-86630-3_8.ChaptersKisspeptin neuronsExtra-hypothalamic areasGonadotropin-releasing hormoneGnRH neuronsGnRH secretionHypothalamic GnRHViral tracingTransgenic miceKisspeptin systemNeuronsGnRHGreen fluorescent proteinAnatomical characterizationNeuroanatomyCurrent bodyDendritic zoneTissue clearingRatsAxonsMiceHormoneSecretionBiomarkers
2019
Modulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Activity and Secretion in Mice by Non-peptide Neurotransmitters, Gasotransmitters, and Gliotransmitters
Spergel DJ. Modulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Activity and Secretion in Mice by Non-peptide Neurotransmitters, Gasotransmitters, and Gliotransmitters. Frontiers In Endocrinology 2019, 10: 329. PMID: 31178828, PMCID: PMC6538683, DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00329.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsGnRH neuron activityGnRH secretionNeuron activityNon-peptide neurotransmittersGnRH neuronsGonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron ActivityMouse GnRH neuronsProstaglandin E2Central regulationAdult miceGliotransmittersMouse studiesNitric oxideSecretionNeurotransmittersDirect modulationMiceNeuronsGasotransmitterFurther explorationGonadotropinModulationActivityGABAPostnatal
2018
Neuropeptidergic modulation of GnRH neuronal activity and GnRH secretion controlling reproduction: insights from recent mouse studies
Spergel DJ. Neuropeptidergic modulation of GnRH neuronal activity and GnRH secretion controlling reproduction: insights from recent mouse studies. Cell And Tissue Research 2018, 375: 179-191. PMID: 30078104, DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2893-z.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsGnRH neuronsGnRH secretionGnRH neuronal activityGnRH neuronal firingRecent mouse studiesHormone secretionNeuronal activityNeuronal firingNeuropeptidergic modulationMouse studiesCognate receptorsNeuropeptidesNeuronsSecretionMammalian reproductionReproduction-related processesGonadotropinModulationMiceReceptors
2012
Effects of Leptin and Melanocortin Signaling Interactions on Pubertal Development and Reproduction
Israel DD, Sheffer-Babila S, de Luca C, Jo YH, Liu SM, Xia Q, Spergel DJ, Dun SL, Dun NJ, Chua SC. Effects of Leptin and Melanocortin Signaling Interactions on Pubertal Development and Reproduction. Endocrinology 2012, 153: 2408-2419. PMID: 22408174, PMCID: PMC3381095, DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1822.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGnRH neuron activityNeuron activityGnRH neuronsFemale db/db miceDb/db miceMelanocortin 4 receptor activationNeuropeptides neuropeptide YAgouti-related peptideAction potential firingEffects of leptinC-fos expressionMelanocortin-4 receptorInitiation of pubertyHypothalamic hypogonadismDb miceNeuropeptide YMelanocortin agonistsLeptin receptorReceptor activationPubertal developmentΑ-MSHPubertal onsetMelanocortinLeptinDownstream mediatorKisspeptin Inhibits High-Voltage Activated Ca2+ Channels in GnRH Neurons via Multiple Ca2+ Influx and Release Pathways
Zhang XB, Spergel DJ. Kisspeptin Inhibits High-Voltage Activated Ca2+ Channels in GnRH Neurons via Multiple Ca2+ Influx and Release Pathways. Neuroendocrinology 2012, 96: 68-80. PMID: 22343183, DOI: 10.1159/000335985.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGnRH neuronsGnRH-green fluorescent protein transgenic miceG protein-coupled receptor 54Phospholipase C inhibitor edelfosineWhole-cell patch-clamp recordingsGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretionCanonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channelsTransient receptor potential channelsRyR agonist caffeinePatch-clamp recordingsChelation of intracellularVGCC activityReceptor 54Kisspeptin-10Hormone secretionPeptide 234KP-10Antagonist caffeineBrain slicesSubsequent fertilityTransgenic miceTRPC channelsNeuronsDependent inhibitionCytoplasmic free
2009
Innervation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons by Peptidergic Neurons Conveying Circadian or Energy Balance Information in the Mouse
Ward DR, Dear FM, Ward IA, Anderson SI, Spergel DJ, Smith PA, Ebling FJ. Innervation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons by Peptidergic Neurons Conveying Circadian or Energy Balance Information in the Mouse. PLOS ONE 2009, 4: e5322. PMID: 19390688, PMCID: PMC2669176, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005322.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGnRH neuronsVasoactive intestinal peptidePeptidergic neuronsGonadotropin-Releasing Hormone NeuronsGnRH secretory systemVIP-IR fibersGonadotropin-releasing hormoneHypothalamic peptide systemsHormone neuronsBasal forebrainIntestinal peptideHypothalamic neuropeptidesPeptidergic fibersReproductive axisTransgenic miceModulatory inputsNeuronsCircadian timing informationPeptidergic signalsMetabolic statusMiceCircadian informationInnervationSignificant proportionPeptide system
2007
Calcium and Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons before, during, and after Puberty
Spergel DJ. Calcium and Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons before, during, and after Puberty. Endocrinology 2007, 148: 2383-2390. PMID: 17289846, PMCID: PMC3315592, DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1693.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdult GnRH neuronsSK channel expressionGnRH neuronsGnRH secretionSK currentPubertal increaseGnRH-green fluorescent protein transgenic miceChannel expressionSmall-conductance calcium-activated potassium channelsGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronsSK channel blocker apaminCalcium-activated potassium channelsCytoplasmic freeChannel blocker apaminExcitatory synaptic inputsWhole-cell techniqueSK channel subtypesHormone neuronsBlocker apaminKisspeptin stimulationChannel blockersSK channelsBrain slicesChannel subtypesSynaptic inputs
2005
Impaired reproductive behavior by lack of GluR-B containing AMPA receptors but not of NMDA receptors in hypothalamic and septal neurons.
Shimshek DR, Bus T, Grinevich V, Single FN, Mack V, Sprengel R, Spergel DJ, Seeburg PH. Impaired reproductive behavior by lack of GluR-B containing AMPA receptors but not of NMDA receptors in hypothalamic and septal neurons. Endocrinology 2005, 20: 219-31. PMID: 16099814, DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0262.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAMPA receptorsNMDA receptorsGnRH secretionMale miceN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorsLimbic system neuronsSerum testosterone levelsIsoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptorsIonotropic glutamate receptorsNormal litter sizeMale sexual behaviorGnRH neuronsSeptal neuronsSystem neuronsOvarian morphologyGlutamate receptorsSeptal areaTestosterone levelsControl littermatesMale littermatesPup retrievalMajor subtypesTestis weightMaternal aggressionAcid receptors
2004
Neurotrophic effects of BDNF on embryonic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons
Cronin AS, Horan TL, Spergel DJ, Brooks AN, Hastings MH, Ebling FJ. Neurotrophic effects of BDNF on embryonic gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. European Journal Of Neuroscience 2004, 20: 338-344. PMID: 15233743, DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03490.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrainBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorCell CountCells, CulturedCyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug InteractionsEmbryo, MammalianGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneGreen Fluorescent ProteinsImmunoenzyme TechniquesImmunohistochemistryLuminescent ProteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesNeuritesNeuronsOligodeoxyribonucleotides, AntisensePotassium ChlorideReceptor, trkBConceptsBrain-derived neurotrophic factorGnRH cellsNeurotrophic factorMedian eminenceGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronsNeurite outgrowthGnRH secretory systemGnRH-immunoreactive cellsGonadotropin-releasing hormoneDose-dependent increaseResponse element-binding proteinPhosphorylation of ERKHormone neuronsBDNF treatmentGnRH neuronsNeurotrophic effectsPreoptic areaNeurons migrateReproductive axisElement-binding proteinOlfactory placodeOlfactory tissuePrimary culturesERK pathwayGnRH
2003
A Confocal Microscopic Study of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neuron Inputs to Dopaminergic Neurons Containing Estrogen Receptor α in the Arcuate Nucleus of GnRH-Green Fluorescent Protein Transgenic Mice
Mitchell V, Loyens A, Spergel DJ, Flactif M, Poulain P, Tramu G, Beauvillain JC. A Confocal Microscopic Study of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neuron Inputs to Dopaminergic Neurons Containing Estrogen Receptor α in the Arcuate Nucleus of GnRH-Green Fluorescent Protein Transgenic Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2003, 77: 198-207. PMID: 12673053, DOI: 10.1159/000069511.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsArcuate Nucleus of HypothalamusBrain MappingDopamineEstrogen Receptor alphaFemaleGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHypothalamusLuminescent ProteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicMicroscopy, ConfocalNerve NetNeural PathwaysNeuronsReceptors, EstrogenTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseConceptsGnRH-green fluorescent protein transgenic miceTH-ir neuronsTIDA neuronsArcuate nucleusGnRH neuronsDopaminergic neuronsFemale miceTransgenic miceTyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neuronsTH monoclonal antibodyTuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neuronsHydroxylase-immunoreactive neuronsRole of estradiolAdult female miceDouble immunohistochemical stainingEstrogen receptor αGonadotropin-releasing hormone pathwayERalpha activationGnRH fibersImmunoreactive neuronsImmunohistochemical stainingBrain sectionsConfocal microscopic studiesReceptor αEstrus stage
1999
GABA- and Glutamate-Activated Channels in Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in Transgenic Mice
Spergel D, Krüth U, Hanley D, Sprengel R, Seeburg P. GABA- and Glutamate-Activated Channels in Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in Transgenic Mice. Journal Of Neuroscience 1999, 19: 2037-2050. PMID: 10066257, PMCID: PMC6782541, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.19-06-02037.1999.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGnRH neuronsPreoptic areaNucleated patchesWhole-cell recordingsApplication of GABANMDA receptor channelsGanglion terminaleHormone neuronsOrganum vasculosumSeptal nucleusDiagonal bandLamina terminalisNeuronal somataAxon terminalsOlfactory bulbMedian eminenceTransgenic miceFiring patternsNeuronsNeuronal dendritesReceptor channelsGABAGreen fluorescent proteinL-glutamateAMPA
1996
Immortalized GnRH Neurons Express Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels
Spergel D, Catt K, Rojas E. Immortalized GnRH Neurons Express Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels. Neuroendocrinology 1996, 63: 101-111. PMID: 9053774, DOI: 10.1159/000126946.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGT1-7 cellsGnRH secretory responseGnRH secretionChannel blockersBK channelsSecretory responseGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronsEffects of charybdotoxinImmortalized GnRH neuronsPerforated-patch recordingsSmall conductance Ca2Patch-clamp recordingsBK channel blockersGamma-aminobutyric acidPatch-clamp techniqueLarge-conductance Ca2Cytoplasmic free Ca2Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2Hormone neuronsGnRH neuronsExcitatory neurotransmitterVoltage-dependent mannerSustained componentFura-2Whole-cell conductance
1995
L-Type Ca2+ Channels Mediate Joint Modulation by Gamma-Amino-butyric Acid and Glutamate of [Ca2+]i and Neuropeptide Secretion in Immortalized Gonadodropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons
Spergel D, Krsmanovic L, Stojilkovic S, Catt K. L-Type Ca2+ Channels Mediate Joint Modulation by Gamma-Amino-butyric Acid and Glutamate of [Ca2+]i and Neuropeptide Secretion in Immortalized Gonadodropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons. Neuroendocrinology 1995, 61: 499-508. PMID: 7617127, DOI: 10.1159/000126873.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGamma-aminobutyric acidReceptor antagonistReceptor agonistSecretory responseGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretionGlutamate-induced Ca2GnRH secretory responseImmortalized GnRH neuronsGABAB receptor antagonistGABAA receptor antagonistGABAB receptor agonistGABAA receptor agonistL-type Ca2GT1-7 neuronsHormone neuronsGnRH neuronsRole of calciumHormone secretionGamma-AminoNeuropeptide secretionAgonist concentrationsCytoplasmic calciumNeuronsFree mediumGlutamate
1994
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons Intrinsic pulsatility and receptor-mediated regulation
Stojilkovic S, Krsmanovic L, Spergel D, Catt K. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons Intrinsic pulsatility and receptor-mediated regulation. Trends In Endocrinology And Metabolism 1994, 5: 201-209. PMID: 18407209, DOI: 10.1016/1043-2760(94)90078-7.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsGnRH neuronsGonadotropin-releasing hormone releaseImmortalized GnRH neuronsIndividual GnRH neuronsGnRH pulse generatorPulse generator activityReceptor-mediated regulationGnRH releaseSynaptic contactsHormone releasePulsatile patternGenerator activityNeuronsEpisodic patternSecretory mechanismCell typesPulse generatorEndothelinGnRHGonadotropinHypothalamusAgonistsCatecholaminesGABAPulsatility4 Calcium Signaling and Episodic Secretory Responses of GnRH Neurons
Stojilkovic S, Krsmanovic L, Spergel D, Tomic M, Catt K. 4 Calcium Signaling and Episodic Secretory Responses of GnRH Neurons. International Review Of Neurobiology 1994, 20: 68-84. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-185289-4.50010-3.ChaptersBasal GnRH releaseGnRH releaseGnRH neuronsMammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormoneGnRH pulse generatorPulsatile GnRH releaseGonadotropin-releasing hormoneIntracellular calcium concentrationRelease of neurotransmittersGnRH cellsHypothalamic neuronsPreoptic areaSecretory responseMediobasal hypothalamusHypothalamic tissuePortal vesselsPresynaptic terminalsCalcium concentrationNeuronsCalcium signalingPulsatile natureCellsReleaseSynchronized patternHypothalamus