2023
Review of the role of the endogenous opioid and melanocortin systems in the restless legs syndrome
Walters A, Li Y, Koo B, Ondo W, Weinstock L, Champion D, Afrin L, Karroum E, Bagai K, Spruyt K. Review of the role of the endogenous opioid and melanocortin systems in the restless legs syndrome. Brain 2023, 147: 26-38. PMID: 37633259, PMCID: PMC10796165, DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad283.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRestless legs syndromeMu-opioid receptorsRLS patientsEndogenous opioidsLegs syndromeOpioid receptorsSerum ironΒ-endorphinMelanocortin systemIdiopathic restless legs syndromeRLS-like symptomsPeriodic limb movementsLow serum ironWild-type miceSensory changesMelanocyte stimulating hormoneReceptor blockersSerum ferritinAutopsy studyStriatal dopamineAdrenocorticotropic hormoneStimulating hormoneDopaminergic systemMouse modelTherapeutic efficacy
2008
α‐Melanocyte stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone: An alternative approach when thinking about restless legs syndrome?
Koo BB, Feng P, Dostal J, Strohl KP. α‐Melanocyte stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone: An alternative approach when thinking about restless legs syndrome? Movement Disorders 2008, 23: 1234-1242. PMID: 18464280, PMCID: PMC7350876, DOI: 10.1002/mds.22035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSlow-wave sleep IIRestless legs syndromeAdrenocorticotropic hormoneAlpha-MSHParadoxical sleepLegs syndromeQuiet wakePathogenesis of RLSAlpha-melanocyte stimulating hormoneActive wakeMeasurement of sleepIntracerebral cannulaeIntracerebroventricular administrationSleep fragmentationNormal salineSleep latencyStimulating hormoneSleep architectureFragmented sleepOwn controlMotor activityRatsSleepLimb movementsHormone