Urinary metals and incident diabetes in midlife women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Wang X, Karvonen-Gutierrez C, Herman W, Mukherjee B, Harlow S, Park S. Urinary metals and incident diabetes in midlife women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 2020, 8: e001233. PMID: 32747380, PMCID: PMC7398092, DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001233.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUrinary metal concentrationsMetal concentrationsMetal mixturesUrinary excretion of zincStudy of Women's HealthExposure to metal mixturesExcretion of zincIncident diabetesWomen's HealthAssociated with higher risk of diabetesSelf-reported doctor-diagnosed diabetesMidlife womenAssociated with higher riskUrinary metalsHigh risk of diabetesCox proportional hazards modelsIncreased urinary excretionMultiethnic Cohort StudyFree of diabetesHigher overall exposureIncreased urinary excretion of zincAssociated with elevated riskRisk of diabetesDoctor-diagnosed diabetesHigher urinary concentrations