Cytokine Response Signatures in Disease Progression and Development of Severe Clinical Outcomes for Leptospirosis
Reis EA, Hagan JE, Ribeiro GS, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Montgomery RR, Shaw AC, Ko AI, Reis MG. Cytokine Response Signatures in Disease Progression and Development of Severe Clinical Outcomes for Leptospirosis. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2013, 7: e2457. PMID: 24069500, PMCID: PMC3777885, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002457.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSevere pulmonary hemorrhage syndromeIL-10IL-6Mild diseaseClinical outcomesIL-8Disease progressionSevere diseaseSerum cytokine responseDays of symptomsHospital-based surveillanceAnti-inflammatory cytokinesIL-6 levelsCase-control study designPulmonary hemorrhage syndromeSevere clinical outcomesMultiplex bead array assayNon-fatal casesLife-threatening outcomesBead array assayImmunopathogenic roleCytokine profileCytokine stormIL-17ANonfatal outcomes