2022
HIV viral transcription and immune perturbations in the CNS of people with HIV despite ART
Farhadian SF, Lindenbaum O, Zhao J, Corley MJ, Im Y, Walsh H, Vecchio A, Garcia-Milian R, Chiarella J, Chintanaphol M, Calvi R, Wang G, Ndhlovu LC, Yoon J, Trotta D, Ma S, Kluger Y, Spudich S. HIV viral transcription and immune perturbations in the CNS of people with HIV despite ART. JCI Insight 2022, 7: e160267. PMID: 35801589, PMCID: PMC9310520, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160267.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebrospinal fluidHIV infectionHIV-1-infected cellsCNS viral persistenceCentral memory CD4T-cell abnormalitiesHIV-1 RNAMicroglia-like cellsT cell activationSystemic viral suppressionAbnormal CD8HIV neuropathogenesisViral suppressionMemory CD4CNS reservoirsImmune perturbationsExperience elevated ratesNeuroimmune effectsPeripheral bloodNeurological impairmentViral persistenceT cellsCell abnormalitiesUninfected controlsCell activation
2021
Preliminary In Vivo Evidence of Reduced Synaptic Density in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Despite Antiretroviral Therapy
Weiss JJ, Calvi R, Naganawa M, Toyonaga T, Farhadian SF, Chintanaphol M, Chiarella J, Zheng MQ, Ropchan J, Huang Y, Pietrzak RH, Carson RE, Spudich S. Preliminary In Vivo Evidence of Reduced Synaptic Density in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Despite Antiretroviral Therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021, 73: 1404-1411. PMID: 34050746, PMCID: PMC8528400, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab484.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusAntiretroviral therapySynaptic densityMagnetic resonance imagingMale PLWHImmunodeficiency virusUnderwent magnetic resonance imagingPositron emission tomographicCross-sectional pilotHIV neuropathogenesisViral suppressionCommon complicationSynaptic injuryNeurological impairmentDynamic biomarkersPLWHTherapeutic studiesCortical areasMotor coordinationPathological hallmarkPET scanningPromising biomarkerTherapeutic interventionsResonance imagingPegboard performance
2019
Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of the Synaptic Marker Neurogranin in Neuro-HIV and Other Neurological Disorders
Yilmaz A, Fuchs D, Price RW, Spudich S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Gisslén M. Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of the Synaptic Marker Neurogranin in Neuro-HIV and Other Neurological Disorders. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2019, 16: 76-81. PMID: 30649659, PMCID: PMC6420419, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00420-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCSF neurograninCerebrospinal fluidProinflammatory cytokines IL-1βGroup of HIVLewy body dementiaCerebrospinal fluid concentrationsCytokines IL-1βLevels of neurograninNeurogranin concentrationsNeuro-HIVHIV neuropathogenesisSynaptic injuryHIV infectionIL-1βNeurocognitive disordersFrontal cortexParkinson's diseaseUninfected controlsReviewThe aimAlzheimer's diseaseNeurological disordersFrontotemporal dementiaNeurodegenerative disordersFluid concentrationsHIV
2017
Immediate initiation of cART is associated with lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40, a marker of microglial activation, in HIV-1 infection
Peluso MJ, Valcour V, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Fletcher JL, Chalermchai T, Krebs SJ, Robb ML, Hellmuth J, Gisslén M, Zetterberg H, Spudich S. Immediate initiation of cART is associated with lower levels of cerebrospinal fluid YKL-40, a marker of microglial activation, in HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2017, 31: 247-252. PMID: 27819802, PMCID: PMC5844231, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001314.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic HIV-1 infectionCombination antiretroviral therapyCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) YKL-40Group of HIVHIV-1 infectionYKL-40Treatment initiationUntreated chronic HIV-1 infectionMedian YKL-40Early HIV infectionCSF YKL-40Chemokine ligand 10Neurofilament light chainCross-sectional studyMann-Whitney testAntiretroviral therapyHIV neuropathogenesisMicroglial activationHIV infectionPrognostic valueChi groupMicroglial cellsAHI groupImmediate initiationBlood sampling
2015
Neuropathogenesis of HIV: From Initial Neuroinvasion to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)
Zayyad Z, Spudich S. Neuropathogenesis of HIV: From Initial Neuroinvasion to HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). Current HIV/AIDS Reports 2015, 12: 16-24. PMID: 25604237, PMCID: PMC4741099, DOI: 10.1007/s11904-014-0255-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-Associated Neurocognitive DisordersCentral nervous systemCombination antiretroviral therapyNeurocognitive disordersTissue reservoirsInitial viral entryTargets of infectionCourse of infectionEarly-stage infectionHIV eradicationAntiretroviral therapyHIV neuropathogenesisSevere immunosuppressionClinical symptomsHIV replicationHIV epidemicLocal infectionCNS cellsPathological involvementPathogenetic processSevere formNervous systemNeurological diseasesAdvanced stageHIV