1999
Neuroprotection by the NMDA receptor-associated open-channel blocker memantine in a photothrombotic model of cerebral focal ischemia in neonatal rat
Stieg P, Sathi S, Warach S, Le D, Lipton S. Neuroprotection by the NMDA receptor-associated open-channel blocker memantine in a photothrombotic model of cerebral focal ischemia in neonatal rat. European Journal Of Pharmacology 1999, 375: 115-120. PMID: 10443569, DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00214-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMagnetic resonance imagingSide effectsInfarct sizeNeonatal ratsChannel blockersNMDA receptorsFocal cerebral ischemia modelNeurobehavioral side effectsIschemic brain injuryEffects of memantineExcitatory amino acidsInduction of strokeRodent stroke modelsAdult animal modelsCerebral ischemia modelSubstantial side effectsCerebral focal ischemiaNumerous side effectsNeuronal cell culturesNeonatal neuronsPhotochemical thrombosisPhotothrombotic modelNeuronal injuryCerebral ischemiaFocal ischemia
1998
â– REVIEW : Excitotoxicity, Free Radicals, Necrosis, and Apoptosis
Lipton S, Nicotera P. â– REVIEW : Excitotoxicity, Free Radicals, Necrosis, and Apoptosis. The Neuroscientist 1998, 4: 345-352. DOI: 10.1177/107385849800400516.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNitric oxideMajor excitatory neurotransmitterCentral nervous systemFailure of neuronsFree radicalsNeuronal cell culturesActivation of proteasesNeuronal injuryAIDS dementiaNeuronal necrosisInitial insultExcitatory neurotransmitterNervous systemApoptotic death programAlzheimer's diseaseHuntington's diseaseDiseaseInsultExcitotoxicityMitochondrial membrane potentialNecrosisCell deathDeath programNeuronsApoptosis
1996
Neuronal apoptosis versus necrosis induced by glutamate or free radicals
Nicotera P, Ankarcrona M, Bonfoco E, Orrenius S, Lipton S. Neuronal apoptosis versus necrosis induced by glutamate or free radicals. Apoptosis 1996, 1: 5-10. DOI: 10.1007/bf00142073.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMajor excitatory neurotransmitterCentral nervous systemFailure of neuronsFree radicalsNeuronal cell culturesNeuronal injuryExcitatory neurotransmitterNeuronal apoptosisNervous systemApoptotic death programNitric oxideInsultInjuryCell deathDeath programNeuronsGlutamateCell culturesApoptosisExcitotoxinsIschemiaEnergy depletionNecrosisNeurotransmittersProgression