2003
Paradigm shift in neuroprotective drug development: clinically tolerated NMDA receptor inhibition by memantine
Lipton S, Chen H. Paradigm shift in neuroprotective drug development: clinically tolerated NMDA receptor inhibition by memantine. Cell Death & Differentiation 2003, 11: 18-20. PMID: 14647237, DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401344.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2001
Potential and Current Use of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists in Diseases of Aging
Le D, Lipton S. Potential and Current Use of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonists in Diseases of Aging. Drugs & Aging 2001, 18: 717-724. PMID: 11735619, DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200118100-00001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsReceptor antagonistN-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonistN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complexSafe NMDA antagonistMultiple clinical trialsNMDA receptor antagonistChronic painClinical trialsNMDA antagonistsGlutamate receptorsParkinson's diseaseNeurological disordersNeurodegenerative diseasesDiseaseAdverse effectsAntagonistReceptor complexCurrent useDrugsAdequate levelPainMemantineDysfunctionNitroglycerinStroke
1997
Mechanism of memantine block of NMDA‐activated channels in rat retinal ganglion cells: uncompetitive antagonism.
Chen H, Lipton S. Mechanism of memantine block of NMDA‐activated channels in rat retinal ganglion cells: uncompetitive antagonism. The Journal Of Physiology 1997, 499: 27-46. PMID: 9061638, PMCID: PMC1159335, DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1997.sp021909.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRat retinal ganglion cellsRetinal ganglion cellsMicroM memantineGanglion cellsUncompetitive antagonismAction of memantineDegree of blockadeConcentrations of NMDARapid superfusion systemWhole-cell recordingsConcentration of agonistDose-response relationshipLow agonist concentrationsNon-competitive actionDose-response curveOpen channel blockerOpen-channel blockadeMemantine actionEndogenous glutamateMicroM NMDAMemantine concentrationsSuperfusion systemMemantine blockMemantineNMDA
1996
Chronic low-dose glutamate is toxic to retinal ganglion cells. Toxicity blocked by memantine.
Vorwerk C, Lipton S, Zurakowski D, Hyman B, Sabel B, Dreyer E. Chronic low-dose glutamate is toxic to retinal ganglion cells. Toxicity blocked by memantine. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 1996, 37: 1618-24. PMID: 8675405.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRetinal ganglion cellsLow-dose glutamateGanglion cell survivalGanglion cellsGlutamate toxicityGlutamate levelsMinor elevationsGlutamate concentrationCentral mammalian neuronsEndogenous glutamate levelsCell survivalSuch chronic exposuresGlutamate elevationVitreal glutamateMemantine therapyMemantine treatmentNeuronal lossIntravitreal injectionGlutamate antagonistsMicroM glutamateVehicle injectionChronic elevationMemantineAcute exposureChronic exposure
1992
Memantine prevents HIV coat protein-induced neuronal injury in vitro.
Lipton S. Memantine prevents HIV coat protein-induced neuronal injury in vitro. Neurology 1992, 42: 1403-5. PMID: 1620355, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.42.7.1403.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeuronal injuryNeuronal damageHIV-1 coat protein gp120Cognitive/motor complexRat retinal ganglion cellsN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorsHuman immunodeficiency virusPossible protective effectNMDA receptor-operated ion channelsRetinal ganglion cellsReceptor-operated ion channelsMicroM memantineNeurologic deficitsImmunodeficiency virusGanglion cellsNMDA antagonistsProtective effectProtein gp120Therapeutic potentialGp120InjuryMemantineMotor complexConcurrent activationIon channels