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Lipton S, Nicotera P. â– REVIEW : Excitotoxicity, Free Radicals, Necrosis, and Apoptosis. The Neuroscientist 1998, 4: 345-352. DOI: 10.1177/107385849800400516.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNitric oxideMajor excitatory neurotransmitterCentral nervous systemFailure of neuronsFree radicalsNeuronal cell culturesActivation of proteasesNeuronal injuryAIDS dementiaNeuronal necrosisInitial insultExcitatory neurotransmitterNervous systemApoptotic death programAlzheimer's diseaseHuntington's diseaseDiseaseInsultExcitotoxicityMitochondrial membrane potentialNecrosisCell deathDeath programNeuronsApoptosis