Elizabeth Gardner, MD
Associate Professor Orthopaedics & RehabilitationCards
About
Research
Publications
2026
An Exploratory Analysis of Countermovement Jump Variables Between Higher and Lower Performers on the LESS and Y-Balance Tests.
Pavlenco C, Talpey S, Gardner E. An Exploratory Analysis of Countermovement Jump Variables Between Higher and Lower Performers on the LESS and Y-Balance Tests. International Journal Of Sports Physical Therapy 2026, 21: 250-261. PMID: 41777442, PMCID: PMC12952933, DOI: 10.26603/001c.156413.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLanding Error Scoring SystemY-balance testCountermovement jumpPeak landing forceCountermovement jump variablesCMJ metricsY-BalanceMovement AssessmentCollegiate athletesLanding forcesNCAA Division I athletesCountermovement jump testReactive strength indexFunctional Movement AssessmentPortable force platePropulsive phase durationDivision I athletesLow-performing athletesFemale NCAA Division I athletesLanding impulseForce plateJump heightPropulsive phaseInjury riskMovement qualityConcomitant Lateral Meniscal Tears in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients Undergoing Combined Medial Meniscal Ramp Lesion Repair and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Are Frequently Missed on MRI, Are Often Vertical or Root Tears, and Are Usually Repaired: A Multicenter Study
Moran J, Amaral J, Tollefson L, Jones R, Dave U, Lee M, LaPrade C, Katz L, Porrino J, Salandra J, Allen C, Gardner E, Jimenez A, Medvecky M, Hewett T, Verma N, Chahla J, Fabricant P, McKay S, LaPrade R. Concomitant Lateral Meniscal Tears in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients Undergoing Combined Medial Meniscal Ramp Lesion Repair and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Are Frequently Missed on MRI, Are Often Vertical or Root Tears, and Are Usually Repaired: A Multicenter Study. Orthopaedic Journal Of Sports Medicine 2026, 14: 23259671251396140. PMID: 41732223, PMCID: PMC12924988, DOI: 10.1177/23259671251396140.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMedial meniscal ramp lesionsLateral meniscal tearsAnterior cruciate ligament reconstructionPreoperative magnetic resonance imagingLateral meniscus root tearsMagnetic resonance imagingAdolescent patientsRoot tearsSurgical managementCruciate ligament reconstructionBucket-handle tearPosterior hornPediatric patientsMulticenter studyTreated with partial meniscectomyMeniscal tearsLigament reconstructionRadial tearsPosterior rootMeniscal ramp lesionsLateral meniscal repairRamp lesion repairTime of surgeryTreated with repairSignificant risk factorsThe Utility of the Countermovement Rebound Jump for the Assessment of Neuromuscular Status in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I American Football Players.
Talpey S, Haintz L, Drake M, Mundy P, Rayner R, James L, O'Grady M, Gabbett T, Gardner E. The Utility of the Countermovement Rebound Jump for the Assessment of Neuromuscular Status in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I American Football Players. The Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research 2026 PMID: 41665606, DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000005386.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRebound jumpNeuromuscular statusFootball playersJump heightAcute fatigueCountermovement jump heightDual force platesRecovery trajectoriesCalculation of effect sizesPost hoc pairwise comparisonsForce plateHours postmatchJump testFootball gamesCMJLinear mixed-effects modelsCompetitive matchesMatched loadCountermovementMixed-effects modelsEffect sizeGame loadsGlobal positioning system trackingRSImodSignificant findingsClinical Outcomes After Medial Meniscal Ramp Lesion Repair and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: A Multicenter Study With a Mean Follow-up of 5 Years
Moran J, Amaral J, Jones R, Dave U, Lee M, Ferrell S, Tollefson L, LaPrade C, Katz L, Porrino J, Gardner E, Allen C, Jimenez A, Fulkerson J, Hewett T, Verma N, Chahla J, Medvecky M, Fabricant P, McKay S, LaPrade R. Clinical Outcomes After Medial Meniscal Ramp Lesion Repair and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: A Multicenter Study With a Mean Follow-up of 5 Years. Orthopaedic Journal Of Sports Medicine 2026, 14: 23259671251398436. PMID: 41522462, PMCID: PMC12783542, DOI: 10.1177/23259671251398436.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMedial meniscal ramp lesionsMedial meniscal surgeryAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructionReturn to sportInternational Knee Documentation CommitteeMeniscal surgeryFollow-upAdolescent patientsRisk factorsPediatric patientsClinical outcomesInternational Knee Documentation Committee scoreNo significant risk factorsReturn to sport ratesHigh-grade pivot shiftMid-term clinical outcomesAt-risk patient populationsExamination under anaesthesiaIntact ACL graftMeniscal ramp lesionsLateral meniscal tearsAnterior cruciate ligament reconstructionPostoperative outcome measuresRamp lesion repairTime of surgery
2025
Articular Cartilage Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients Undergoing Medial Meniscal Ramp Lesion Repair During Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Multicenter Study
Moran J, Amaral J, Tollefson L, Jones R, Dave U, Lee M, Ferrell S, LaPrade C, Katz L, Salandra J, Schenble C, Allen C, Gardner E, Jimenez A, Medvecky M, Hewett T, Verma N, Chahla J, LaPrade R, Fabricant P, McKay S. Articular Cartilage Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients Undergoing Medial Meniscal Ramp Lesion Repair During Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Multicenter Study. The American Journal Of Sports Medicine 2025, 53: 2817-2826. PMID: 40952167, DOI: 10.1177/03635465251366440.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMedial meniscal ramp lesionsDelayed ACL reconstructionTime of surgeryAdolescent patientsArticular cartilage injuryACL reconstructionRisk factorsMulticenter studyPrimary anterior cruciate ligament reconstructionMedial femoral condyleCartilage injuryInternational Cartilage Repair Society classificationAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tearsPatients aged <Meniscal ramp lesionsHigh-risk patientsRamp lesion repairAnterior cruciate ligament reconstructionPrimary ACL reconstructionRetrospective cohort studyMultivariate logistic regression modelCruciate ligament reconstructionLevel of evidenceRed-red zoneAssociated with articular cartilage damage
2024
The Reliability and Validity of the Rebound Countermovement Jump in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I American Football Players
Talpey S, Drake M, Haintz L, Belanger A, O'Grady M, Young W, Mundy P, James L, Gabbett T, Gardner E. The Reliability and Validity of the Rebound Countermovement Jump in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I American Football Players. The Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research 2024, 39: 200-209. PMID: 39495255, DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004969.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDrop jumpCountermovement jumpFootball playersModerate to good reliabilityReactive strength indexPortable force plateLeg muscle functionMale American football playersAmerican football playersForce plateJump heightReactive strengthCMJConcurrent validityGood reliabilityMuscle functionDJ30Separate daysStrength indexPhase IPhase IICMJsPlayersJumpAthletesDescribing the women of orthopaedic surgery
Gardner E, Cheng R, Moran J, Summer L, Emsbo C, Gallagher R, Gong J, Fishman F. Describing the women of orthopaedic surgery. Bone & Joint Open 2024, 5: 419-425. PMID: 38767221, PMCID: PMC11103874, DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.55.bjo-2023-0073.r1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFemale orthopaedic surgeonsOrthopaedic surgeonsOrthopaedic surgeryCollegiate athletesLifestyle factorsAverage American womanElectronic surveyAmerican womenSurgeon mentorsMedical schoolsOnline Facebook groupSurvey studyFacebook groupWomenSurgeonsSurgerySurveyAthletesFemale mentorshipLifestyleMentorshipCollegiateOrthopaedicsTelerehabilitation to Address the Rehabilitation Gap in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Care: Survey of Physical Therapists/Care Providers
Gardner E, Podbielski C, Dunphy E. Telerehabilitation to Address the Rehabilitation Gap in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Care: Survey of Physical Therapists/Care Providers. Telemedicine Reports 2024, 5: 18-35. PMID: 38469166, PMCID: PMC10927236, DOI: 10.1089/tmr.2023.0022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAnterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patientsAnterior cruciate ligament reconstructionReturn-to-sport phaseQualified physical therapistsDigital health interventionsSupervised physical therapyPhysical therapistsPhysical therapyHealth interventionsCruciate ligament reconstructionRehabilitation strategiesTelerehabilitationRehabilitationInclusion criteriaCommercial insuranceClosed questionsProvides backgroundOnline surveyLigament reconstructionQuantitative dataStructural rehabilitationSurveyRespondentsCross-sectionTime pointsAberrant Insertion of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament on the Lateral Meniscus
Norman M, Zehner K, Gardner E. Aberrant Insertion of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament on the Lateral Meniscus. JBJS Case Connector 2024, 15: e24.00395. PMID: 39854511, PMCID: PMC11756712, DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.24.00395.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnterior cruciate ligamentLateral meniscusChronic knee painQuadriceps tendon autograftIntact lateral meniscusCruciate ligamentKnee painTwisting injuryMagnetic resonance imagingRare caseTendon autograftAnterior hornLateral intercondylar notchAberrant insertionResonance imagingRare variantsSkeletal deformitiesIntercondylar notchLigamentQuadricepsTibial insertionPainPatientsAnteriorAutograft
2023
Changes in Body Composition and Athletic Performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Female Field Hockey Athletes Throughout a Competitive Season
Summer L, Cheng R, Moran J, Lee M, Belanger A, Taylor W, Gardner E. Changes in Body Composition and Athletic Performance in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Female Field Hockey Athletes Throughout a Competitive Season. The Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research 2023, 38: 146-152. PMID: 37815263, DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004591.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNational Collegiate Athletic AssociationHockey athletesField hockey athletesPerformance measuresAthletic performanceAthletic performance measuresCompetitive seasonBody fat percentageAthletic AssociationDual X-ray absorptiometryCompetitive successBody compositionHockey teamFat massFat percentagePro-agility shuttleLean massField playersAthletesAndroid fat massBody composition measurementsAssessment of body compositionVertical jumpPro-agilityRegional body composition measurements
Academic Achievements & Community Involvement
Clinical Care
Overview
Elizabeth Gardner, MD, is a Yale Medicine orthopaedic surgeon who specializes in sports medicine and arthroscopy. Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure done with a thin, flexible tube equipped with tiny instruments on the end to view, diagnose, and treat problems inside the knee, shoulder, and other joints.
Dr. Gardner, an associate professor of orthopaedics at Yale School of Medicine, blends her love for medicine and for sports. As a Yale undergraduate, she played varsity field hockey and was captain of the women’s lacrosse team. She was recognized as an All-Ivy and Academic All-American player. After visiting Yale Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation for the first time as a surgical patient, she decided on the spot she wanted to be an orthopaedic surgeon. She spent her undergraduate summers shadowing physicians in the clinics and working in the research labs under the tutelage of mentor Peter Jokl, MD, who participated in the first arthroscopy surgery in Connecticut.
Now, Dr. Gardner uses the latest surgical and nonsurgical tools and techniques to treat Yale Medicine patients of all ages—athletes and non-athletes alike—for everything from ACL tears to shoulder pain. She is also head team physician/orthopaedic surgeon for Yale University Athletics and medical director for the Southern Connecticut State University Masters in Athletic Training program. Her goal is to find the best possible treatment and get patients back to their sports or other activities as quickly as possible.
She also has a keen interest in preventing injuries and surgeries—especially among young people. Even with the most advanced surgical procedures, the best treatment for any injury is prevention. “The importance of exercise and activity cannot be understated, both physically and emotionally," says Dr. Gardner. "My job is to keep patients out there doing what they love!”
Proper training and conditioning can help. Dr. Gardner is working with other Yale Medicine sports medicine specialists to educate and train coaches in Connecticut’s high schools and colleges to help their athletes avoid injuries—or to recover quickly from them. She believes this work will help her meet her goal of providing the most innovative surgeries, while also working to keep as many people as possible out of the operating room in the first place.
Clinical Specialties
Fact Sheets
Running Injuries
Learn More on Yale MedicineOsteoarthritis
Learn More on Yale MedicineMeniscus Tears, Repair, and Transplantation
Learn More on Yale MedicineRotator Cuff Injury and Repair
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