Adjunct faculty typically have an academic or research appointment at another institution and contribute or collaborate with one or more School of Medicine faculty members or programs.
Adjunct rank detailsXiao Xu, PhD, MA
Associate Professor Adjunct of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive SciencesAbout
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Associate Professor Adjunct of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
Biography
Dr. Xiao Xu is an Associate Professor in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at Yale School of Medicine, and a faculty member of Yale Cancer Center and Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy and Effectiveness Research Center (COPPER). As a health economist and health services researcher, her work seeks to promote the delivery of high-quality and high-value care. Her research focuses on examining and identifying factors that influence the quality, outcomes, and value of care, with a focus on women's health care. Her recent studies examined hospital and geographic variation in care utilization, costs, and patient outcomes; comparative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of alternative treatment strategies; and gender and racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Dr. Xu is also actively involved in the teaching of medical students, clinical residents/fellows, and postgraduate/postdoctoral fellows. She mentors trainees on research design and methodology, and lectures on methods of data collection, data analysis, and cost effectiveness evaluation.
Dr. Xu has served as a principal investigator or co-investigator on multiple research grants funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), and various research foundations. She received honorable mention for the Aetna Susan B. Anthony Award for excellence in research on older women and public health from the American Public Health Association (Gerontological Health Section) in 2005, the Frank J. McDevitt Excellence in Research Award in Policy Research from the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation in 2008 and 2011, and the Carol Weisman & Gary Chase Gender-Based Research Award from the AcademyHealth in 2017. Dr. Xu is a member of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, AcademyHealth, the International Health Economics Association, and the Gerontological Society of America.
Departments & Organizations
- All Institutions
- Gaither Lab
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Yale Cancer Center
- Yale Ventures
Education & Training
- PhD
- Wayne State University, Economics (2004)
- MA
- Wayne State University, Economics (2002)
Research
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Overview
Medical Research Interests
Public Health Interests
ORCID
0000-0001-6519-1731
Research at a Glance
Yale Co-Authors
Publications Timeline
Research Interests
Vrunda Desai, MD, FACOG
Cary P Gross, MD
Erica Spatz, MD, MHS
Jessica Illuzzi, MD, MS, FACOG
Harlan Krumholz, MD, SM
Jeph Herrin, PhD
Costs and Cost Analysis
Publications
2026
Use of Tranexamic Acid in Laparoscopic Myomectomy: AAGL Committee Opinion and Practice Guideline Update
Gingold J, Solnik M, Desilets J, Erden M, Fridman D, Sanders A, Kho R, Garcia-Filion P, Hackett L, Siegel A, Xu X. Use of Tranexamic Acid in Laparoscopic Myomectomy: AAGL Committee Opinion and Practice Guideline Update. Journal Of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 2026, 33: 349-351. PMID: 41871966, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2026.02.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchApplying decision curve analysis to evaluate a patient-centered opioid prescribing strategy among patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the US
Huang Y, Jacobson J, Li G, Mauro P, Guschwan M, Tergas A, Hou J, Xu X, Martins S, Elkin E, Hershman D, Wright J. Applying decision curve analysis to evaluate a patient-centered opioid prescribing strategy among patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the US. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2026, 281: 113076. PMID: 41719776, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2026.113076.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsDecision curve analysisClinical utilityLaparoscopic cholecystectomyOpioid prescribingCurve analysisUrban tertiary care centerPreoperative medication useDays pre-operativelyTertiary care centerOpioid needBenign indicationsPain scoresEmergency surgeryOpioid levelsOpioid prescriptionsSurgical indicationsAdult patientsPre-operativelyAnesthesia typeModel c-statisticElectronic medical dataOptimal threshold probabilityPatientsC-statisticCare centerComparative Modeling of Recent and Projected Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Uterine Cancer
Rouse K, Hazelton W, Frotscher A, Chen L, Prest M, Ferris J, Xu X, Melamed A, Hur C, Heckman-Stoddard B, Samimi G, Bickell N, Layne T, Blank S, Elkin E, Myers E, Havrilesky L, Kong C, Wright J. Comparative Modeling of Recent and Projected Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Uterine Cancer. Obstetrics And Gynecology 2026, 147: 585-595. PMID: 41643197, PMCID: PMC12991337, DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000006194.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsMortality of uterine cancerNon-Hispanic black womenNon-Hispanic white womenIncidence of uterine cancerUterine cancerMultistage clonal expansion modelWhite womenBlack womenIncidence-based mortalityUterine cancer incidencePopulation-based incidenceBurden of diseaseState-transition microsimulation modelPublic health concernCancer incidenceCancer controlPrevention activitiesUterine cancer modelHealth concernEnd ResultsPopulation dataMicrosimulation modelNonendometrioid tumorsWomenUterine sarcomaMedication for Opioid Use Disorder and Perioperative Outcomes for Benign Hysterectomy
Huang Y, Li A, Hou J, Mauro P, Xu X, Li G, Bisaga A, Hershman D, Martins S, Wright J. Medication for Opioid Use Disorder and Perioperative Outcomes for Benign Hysterectomy. O&G Open 2026, 3: e146. PMID: 41560712, PMCID: PMC12815545, DOI: 10.1097/og9.0000000000000146.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricConceptsOpioid use disorderPropensity score inverse probabilityPerioperative complicationsSurgical complicationsUse disorderMOUD useAssociated with fewer perioperative complicationsPostoperative opioid prescriptionsEmergency departmentPerioperative surgical complicationsInverse probability of treatment weightingRisk of complicationsProbability of treatment weightingMarketScan Research DatabasesHealth care utilizationAssociated with fewer ED visitsBenign hysterectomyBenign indicationsPerioperative outcomesSurgical outcomesOpioid prescriptionsHysterectomyCare utilizationSurgical sitePrimary outcomeNeoadjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Primary Cytoreductive Surgery for Metastatic Endometrial Cancer
Sassine D, Huang Y, Hur C, Elkin E, Ferris J, Melamed A, Kong C, Myers E, Bickell N, Hazelton W, Layne T, Heckman‐Stoddard B, Samimi G, Havrilesky L, Blank S, Xu X, Wright J. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Versus Primary Cytoreductive Surgery for Metastatic Endometrial Cancer. Cancer Medicine 2026, 15: e71539. PMID: 41559522, PMCID: PMC12819165, DOI: 10.1002/cam4.71539.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAltmetricMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsPrimary Debulking SurgeryPDS patientsStage IV endometrial cancerNeoadjuvant chemotherapy patientsNeoadjuvant chemotherapyMetastatic endometrial cancerEndometrial cancerIntention-to-treatDebulking SurgeryPer-protocolAssociated with neoadjuvant chemotherapyUtilization of neoadjuvant chemotherapyNeoadjuvant chemotherapy utilizationPrimary cytoreductive surgeryNational Cancer DatabaseInverse probability of treatment weightingHigher mortalityInverse probabilityIntention-to-treat analysisProbability of treatment weightingCytoreductive surgerySerous histologyPostoperative chemotherapyCancer DatabaseSurvival outcomesDevelopment of prediction models for perioperative opioid needs in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients: A machine-learning approach
Huang Y, Li G, Martins S, Mauro P, Tergas A, Hou J, Xu X, Elkin E, Jacobson J, Wright J. Development of prediction models for perioperative opioid needs in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients: A machine-learning approach. Surgery Open Science 2026, 30: 14-22. PMID: 41630855, PMCID: PMC12861142, DOI: 10.1016/j.sopen.2026.01.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElectronic medical recordsClinical decision support systemsOpioid needRandom forestComputerized clinical decision support systemLaparoscopic cholecystectomyDecision support systemSelf-reported pain scoresF1 scoreRisk-scoring toolOpioid prescribing practicesTraining datasetMachine-learning approachIndividualized pain managementPrediction modelMachine-learningTest datasetLaparoscopic cholecystectomy patientsRetrospective cohort studySupport systemVisual predictionPre-operative medicationDatasetPain managementOpioid prescribingTrends, predictors, and safety of ovarian preservation in premenopausal women with high-grade endometrioid and non-endometrioid endometrial cancers
Morgan J, Chen L, Xu X, Dioun S, Buckley A, Randall T, Pua T, St Clair C, Hou J, Matsuo K, Hershman D, Wright J. Trends, predictors, and safety of ovarian preservation in premenopausal women with high-grade endometrioid and non-endometrioid endometrial cancers. Gynecologic Oncology 2026, 205: 46-52. PMID: 41547119, DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2026.01.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsOvarian preservationNational Cancer DatabaseEndometrial cancerPremenopausal womenRate of ovarian preservationSafety of ovarian preservationEarly-stage endometrial cancerHigh-risk endometrial cancerEarly-stage endometrioid endometrial cancerHigh riskAssociated with overall survivalNon-endometrioid endometrial cancerTime of hysterectomyHigh-risk tumorsEndometrioid endometrial cancerCox proportional hazards modelsMultivariate logistic regression modelAssociated with lower oddsProportional hazards modelYears of ageAdjusted survival curvesPremenopausal patientsRisk tumorsOverall survivalCancer Database
2025
Utilization and outcomes of fertility-sparing ovarian cystectomy for stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumors
Ludmir D, Huang Y, Xu X, Dioun S, de Meritens A, Randall T, Pua T, St Clair C, Hou J, Matsuo K, Hershman D, Wright J. Utilization and outcomes of fertility-sparing ovarian cystectomy for stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Gynecologic Oncology 2025, 205: 9-16. PMID: 41448116, DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.12.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsGerm cell tumorsOvarian germ cell tumorsPropensity score inverse probabilityStage I MOGCTInverse probability of treatment weightingCell tumorsSurvival outcomesMalignant ovarian germ cell tumorsNational Cancer DatabaseAdjuvant chemotherapy useNo survival differenceOutcome of cystectomyKaplan-Meier curvesProbability of treatment weightingCommunity cancer programsCox proportional hazards modelsWeighted Cox proportional hazards modelsProportional hazards modelOvarian cystectomyImmature teratomaHistological subtypesOverall survivalChemotherapy useCancer DatabaseCystectomyCost-effectiveness of biomarker-based and universal strategies for the treatment of advanced-stage endometrial cancer
Bashi A, Chen L, Rouse K, Elkin E, Ferris J, Xu X, Bickell N, Blank S, Rossi E, Hazelton W, Wright J, Havrilesky L, Myers E. Cost-effectiveness of biomarker-based and universal strategies for the treatment of advanced-stage endometrial cancer. Gynecologic Oncology 2025, 203: 130-138. PMID: 41187375, DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2025.09.019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsMeSH Keywords and ConceptsConceptsIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioAdvanced-stage endometrial cancerImmunotherapy strategiesEndometrial cancerStage III-IV endometrial cancerTreatment strategiesMonte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysisMaintenance treatment strategiesThird-party payer perspectiveNational Cancer DatabaseDuration of treatment benefitPersonalized treatment strategiesBase case analysisCost-effectiveness ratioNon-Hispanic Black (NHBProbabilistic sensitivity analysesCancer DatabaseCost-utility modelPayer perspectiveClinical estimationTherapeutic strategiesBiomarker-basedChemotherapyCost-effectiveTreatment benefitPhysician-level variability in adopting opportunistic salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention at the time of hysterectomy
Xu X, Desai V, Gross C, Spatz E, Pollack C, Wright J. Physician-level variability in adopting opportunistic salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention at the time of hysterectomy. International Journal Of Gynecological Cancer 2025, 36: 102769. PMID: 41274017, PMCID: PMC12799303, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgc.2025.102769.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOpportunistic salpingectomyPatient race/ethnicityPhysician-level variablesOvarian cancer riskOvarian cancer preventionNon-pregnant patientsUrban/rural locationCancer riskHospital sizeMarital statusPremier Healthcare DatabaseSmoking statusHealthcare databasesCancer preventionMedicaid patientsTeaching hospitalPhysiciansBenign indicationsFallopian tubeInpatient hysterectomySurgical routePatient ageHysterectomy practiceSalpingectomyHysterectomy
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