About
Research
Overview
Medical Research Interests
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antiviral Agents; Biomarkers; Cerebrospinal Fluid; COVID-19; Dementia; HIV; Nervous System; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Neurology; Positron-Emission Tomography; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Virology
Public Health Interests
HIV/AIDS; Immunology; COVID-19; Biomarkers; Viruses; Infectious Diseases
Publications
2024
PP7.7 – 00092 Single-Nucleus Multiomic Sequencing Uncovers Differential Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Regulation in Cerebrospinal Fluid Cells of PWH
Lu C, Orlinick B, Das B, Filippidis P, Mehta S, Spudich S, Pang A, Kluger Y, Corley M, Farhadian S. PP7.7 – 00092 Single-Nucleus Multiomic Sequencing Uncovers Differential Chromatin Accessibility and Gene Regulation in Cerebrospinal Fluid Cells of PWH. Journal Of Virus Eradication 2024, 10: 87-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100530.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPP7.9 – 00031 Memory B Cells in the CSF of People with HIV Exhibit Changes in Interferon Signaling and Antigen Presentation Capacity
Filippidis P, Corley M, Spudich S, Wang M, Kleinstein S, Farhadian S. PP7.9 – 00031 Memory B Cells in the CSF of People with HIV Exhibit Changes in Interferon Signaling and Antigen Presentation Capacity. Journal Of Virus Eradication 2024, 10: 89-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100532.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPP4.10 – 00082 Simultaneous measurement of HIV proviral DNA and cell associated RNA in CSF cells of PWH using single-cell Multiomics
Orlinick B, Mehta S, Lu C, Pang A, Das B, Spudich S, Kluger Y, Corley M, Farhadian S. PP4.10 – 00082 Simultaneous measurement of HIV proviral DNA and cell associated RNA in CSF cells of PWH using single-cell Multiomics. Journal Of Virus Eradication 2024, 10: 69-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100497.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPP7.2 – 00169 Longitudinal Persistence of HIV DNA in CSF Over 4 Years Despite Up to 20 Years of ART
Cyktor J, Aga E, Naqvi A, Hoeth D, Bosch R, Macatangay B, Eron J, Koletar S, Benson C, Mcmahon D, Mellors J, Spudich S, Gandhi R, Team F. PP7.2 – 00169 Longitudinal Persistence of HIV DNA in CSF Over 4 Years Despite Up to 20 Years of ART. Journal Of Virus Eradication 2024, 10: 84-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2024.100525.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNeurosymptomatic HIV-1 CSF escape is associated with replication in CNS T cells and inflammation
Kincer L, Dravid A, Trunfio M, Calcagno A, Zhou S, Vercesi R, Spudich S, Gisslen M, Price R, Cinque P, Joseph S. Neurosymptomatic HIV-1 CSF escape is associated with replication in CNS T cells and inflammation. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2024, 134: e176358. PMID: 39352388, PMCID: PMC11444166, DOI: 10.1172/jci176358.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 RNACD4+ T cellsHIV-1 populationsAntiretroviral therapyHIV-1T cellsCerebrospinal fluidCSF escapeCNS inflammationDetectable HIV-1 RNAImprovement of neurological symptomsAssociated with viral suppressionUntreated chronic infectionDrug-resistant virusesProgressive neurological deficitsCNS T cellsART regimenViral suppressionChronic infectionNeurological deficitsNeurological symptomsInflammatory biomarkersClinical consequencesVirus expressionPrimary infectionChanges in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection
Hu Z, Cinque P, Dravid A, Hagberg L, Yilmaz A, Zetterberg H, Fuchs D, Gostner J, Blennow K, Spudich S, Kincer L, Zhou S, Joseph S, Swanstrom R, Price R, Gisslén M. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection. PLOS Pathogens 2024, 20: e1012470. PMID: 39316609, PMCID: PMC11469498, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012470.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 infectionHIV-associated dementiaCerebrospinal fluidCerebrospinal fluid proteinCerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNAImpact of HIV-1 infectionTreating chronic HIV-1 infectionChronic HIV-1 infectionHIV-1 RNAHIV-1 progressionTreat chronic infectionsInflammatory cell lineagesNeurofilament light chain proteinCSF escapeChronic infectionHIV-1Light chain proteinProtein changesClinical centersCNS injuryCSF proteinClinical informationCell lineagesInfectionCerebrospinal fluid proteomeMedical comorbidities and lower myelin content are associated with poor cognition in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV
Patel P, Prince D, Bolenzius J, Ch’en P, Chiarella J, Kolind S, Vavasour I, Pedersen T, Levendovszky S, Spudich S, Marra C, Paul R. Medical comorbidities and lower myelin content are associated with poor cognition in young adults with perinatally acquired HIV. AIDS 2024, 38: 1932-1939. PMID: 39110577, PMCID: PMC11524773, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003989.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPoor cognitionCognitive impairmentHorizontally acquired HIVMarkers of cognitive reserveAssociated with poorer cognitionRisk factorsCross-sectional studyYoung adultsLower cognitive scoresYears of educationMultiple cognitive domainsExperience cognitive deficitsCognitive domain scoresHIV-uninfected controlsOlder adultsCorticospinal tractCognitive batteryDomain scoresMedical comorbidityCognitive deficitsCognitive domainsMyelin contentCognitive reserveNeuroimaging dataCognitive scoresCentral Nervous System Effects of Early HIV Infection and Consequences of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation during Acute HIV
Chan P, Spudich S. Central Nervous System Effects of Early HIV Infection and Consequences of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation during Acute HIV. Viruses 2024, 16: 1082. PMID: 39066244, PMCID: PMC11281648, DOI: 10.3390/v16071082.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsEarly HIV infectionCentral nervous systemHIV infectionEffects of early HIV infectionIncrease awareness of HIV infectionCentral nervous system opportunistic infectionsImmediate initiation of antiretroviral therapyInitiation of antiretroviral therapyAwareness of HIV infectionCentral nervous system complicationsCentral nervous system involvementAntiretroviral therapy initiationCentral nervous system effectsLong-term neuroprotectionHIV-associated dementiaOvert clinical manifestationsYears of infectionMulti-organ diseaseNucleic acid testingAcute HIVHIV neuroinvasionHIV RNAAntiretroviral therapyOpportunistic infectionsTherapy initiationTranscobalamin receptor antibodies in autoimmune vitamin B12 central deficiency
Pluvinage J, Ngo T, Fouassier C, McDonagh M, Holmes B, Bartley C, Kondapavulur S, Hurabielle C, Bodansky A, Pai V, Hinman S, Aslanpour A, Alvarenga B, Zorn K, Zamecnik C, McCann A, Asencor A, Huynh T, Browne W, Tubati A, Haney M, Douglas V, Louine M, Cree B, Hauser S, Seeley W, Baranzini S, Wells J, Spudich S, Farhadian S, Ramachandran P, Gillum L, Hales C, Zikherman J, Anderson M, Yazdany J, Smith B, Nath A, Suh G, Flanagan E, Green A, Green R, Gelfand J, DeRisi J, Pleasure S, Wilson M. Transcobalamin receptor antibodies in autoimmune vitamin B12 central deficiency. Science Translational Medicine 2024, 16: eadl3758. PMID: 38924428, PMCID: PMC11520464, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adl3758.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBlood-brain barrierCerebrospinal fluidNeurological deficitsAutoimmune neurological conditionsCohort of patientsCellular uptake of cobalaminVitamin B12B12 transportCerebrospinal fluid samplesMeasurement of vitamin B12Low-density lipoprotein receptorProgrammable phage displayImmunosuppressive treatmentIn vitro modelNeuropsychiatric lupusImmunomodulatory treatmentReceptor antibodiesClinical improvementUptake of cobalaminB12 deficiencyUnknown etiologyHematopoietic cellsTranscobalamin receptorCentral deficiencyB12 supplementationThe single-cell opioid responses in the context of HIV (SCORCH) consortium
Ament S, Campbell R, Lobo M, Receveur J, Agrawal K, Borjabad A, Byrareddy S, Chang L, Clarke D, Emani P, Gabuzda D, Gaulton K, Giglio M, Giorgi F, Gok B, Guda C, Hadas E, Herb B, Hu W, Huttner A, Ishmam M, Jacobs M, Kelschenbach J, Kim D, Lee C, Liu S, Liu X, Madras B, Mahurkar A, Mash D, Mukamel E, Niu M, O’Connor R, Pagan C, Pang A, Pillai P, Repunte-Canonigo V, Ruzicka W, Stanley J, Tickle T, Tsai S, Wang A, Wills L, Wilson A, Wright S, Xu S, Yang J, Zand M, Zhang L, Zhang J, Akbarian S, Buch S, Cheng C, Corley M, Fox H, Gerstein M, Gummuluru S, Heiman M, Ho Y, Kellis M, Kenny P, Kluger Y, Milner T, Moore D, Morgello S, Ndhlovu L, Rana T, Sanna P, Satterlee J, Sestan N, Spector S, Spudich S, Tilgner H, Volsky D, White O, Williams D, Zeng H. The single-cell opioid responses in the context of HIV (SCORCH) consortium. Molecular Psychiatry 2024, 29: 3950-3961. PMID: 38879719, PMCID: PMC11609103, DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02620-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchContext of human immunodeficiency virusHuman immunodeficiency virusSubstance use disordersOpioid responseAnimal modelsEffects of substance use disordersOpioid pain medicationsPrevalence of co-morbid conditionsChronic pain syndromesStage of diseaseCell typesAffected cell typesCo-morbid conditionsPain syndromeImmunodeficiency virusPain medicationOpioid addictionIncreased riskRisk factorsHuman cohortsDrug addictionBrain tissue collectionBrain cell typesTissue collectionSingle-cell level
Clinical Trials
Current Trials
Brain Connections & HIV Status
HIC ID2000033582RolePrincipal InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date12/31/2027Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge18 years - 80 yearsAre you are currently experiencing brain fog from Long COVID?
HIC ID2000031278RoleSub InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date09/30/2026Recruiting ParticipantsEstablish and Characterize an Acute HIV Infection Cohort in a High Risk Population
HIC ID1111009338RolePrincipal InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date12/10/2021Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge18+ years
Academic Achievements & Community Involvement
Clinical Care
Overview
Serena Spudich, MD, MA, is one of only a few neurologists in the United States with specialized training in infections of the nervous system and a clinical practice focusing on neurological issues in patients with HIV.
She primarily cares for patients with HIV who suffer from such neurological problems as cognitive disturbances, memory loss and infections. “Many of these are directly related to HIV,” she says. In addition, she consults with patients who have such infections of the nervous system as Lyme disease and West Nile virus, and those with general neurological disorders.
A professor of neurology at Yale School of Medicine and division chief of neurological infections and global neurology, Dr. Spudich strongly believes patients can lead longer and healthier lives when HIV is diagnosed and treated early. “The example that one patient has proven to be cured of HIV, which was previously thought to be an ‘incurable’ disease, brings hope to the 37 million people worldwide infected with HIV, and to those with other chronic infections that impact the brain,” she says.
Clinical Specialties
Neurology; HIV & AIDs Medicine; Infectious Diseases
Fact Sheets
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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Yale Medicine News
News & Links
News
- February 24, 2025
NIMH Grant Advances Research into Long COVID and Related Brain Changes
- July 22, 2024
New Evidence Supports Autoimmunity as One of Long COVID’s Underlying Drivers
- July 10, 2024
Highlighting Yale’s Neuroscience Research
- May 29, 2024Source: Yale Medicine
Long COVID Brain Fog: What It Is and How to Manage It
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Contacts
Locations
Neuroinfectious Disease Research Program
Lab
135 College Street, Fl 3
New Haven, CT 06510
Patient Care Locations
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