Ruixuan Liu
Cards
Featured Publication
Honors
- 2 International Awards
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Postdoctoral Associate
Biography
Ruixuan Liu is a Postdoctoral Associate in the Department of Biomedical Informatics & Data Science at Yale School of Medicine, working with Prof. Lucila Ohno-Machado. Her research advances trustworthy, privacy-preserving machine learning, with a focus on differential privacy, federated learning, and the privacy and security of large language models and foundation models. She investigates how AI systems expose sensitive information and develops defenses that combine rigorous privacy guarantees with computational efficiency and practical deployment, including applications to health and genomic data.
Her recent work establishes methods for measuring data extraction risk in LLM APIs (IEEE S&P 2026), protects web content against unauthorized crawling and LLM training (NDSS 2026), and reveals how pre-trained language models can compromise the privacy of fine-tuning data (ACM CCS 2024). She also develops differentially private optimization methods that reduce or eliminate hyperparameter tuning (ICLR 2025 Spotlight), building on earlier research in privacy-preserving federated learning published at AAAI and ACM SIGKDD. Her co-authored work received an Outstanding Paper Award at ACM MM 2025. Her methods for differentially private training have been incorporated into Amazon AWS AI Lab's open-source FastDP library and built upon in Dynamo AI's DynamoEnhance product.
Before joining Yale, she was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the AIMS Lab at Emory University, working with Prof. Li Xiong, and co-taught the graduate course Data Privacy and Security. She earned her Ph.D. in Computer Science from Renmin University of China, advised by Prof. Hong Chen, and held research internships at Amazon AWS AI Lab and Microsoft Research Asia.
She serves on the program committees of ACM CCS, IEEE SaTML, and AAAI, and was recognized as an ACM SIGKDD Commendable Reviewer in 2025.
Appointments
Biomedical Informatics & Data Science
Postdoctoral AssociatePrimary
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Research
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Overview
My research focuses on privacy-preserving machine learning, with an emphasis on differential privacy, federated learning, and privacy risks in large language models. I audit privacy risks and develop defenses that provide privacy guarantees while remaining efficient, inclusive, and practically deployable.
My current research spans three areas: (1) trustworthy large language models and foundation models, including privacy risk auditing, protection against data leakage and unauthorized exploitation, and machine unlearning; (2) differentially private optimization, including hyperparameter-free and utility-aware algorithms; and (3) privacy-preserving federated learning across heterogeneous devices.
Medical Research Interests
ORCID
0000-0002-0823-3760
Research at a Glance
Yale Co-Authors
Publications Timeline
Lucila Ohno-Machado, MD, MBA, PhD
Publications
Featured Publications
Beyond Indistinguishability: Measuring Extraction Risk in LLM APIs
Liu R, Evans D, Xiong L. Beyond Indistinguishability: Measuring Extraction Risk in LLM APIs. 2026, 00: 1654-1672. DOI: 10.1109/sp63933.2026.00165.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2026
DP2-RAG: An Efficient Full-Process Differential Privacy Implementation in Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Cai Y, He C, Hu H, Liu R, Zhu B, Zhang D, Hong C, Huang Z, Sun S, Wang S, Gu D. DP2-RAG: An Efficient Full-Process Differential Privacy Implementation in Retrieval-Augmented Generation. IEEE Transactions On Information Forensics And Security 2026, 21: 8182-8197. DOI: 10.1109/tifs.2026.3725555.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2025
Differentially Private Visual Learning with Public Subspace Augmented by Synthetic Data
Sha H, Wu Y, Liu R, Cao Y, Chen H. Differentially Private Visual Learning with Public Subspace Augmented by Synthetic Data. 2025, 11357-11366. DOI: 10.1145/3746027.3755037.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTransFed: cross-domain feature alignment for semi-supervised federated transfer learning
Zeng L, Liu R, Xiong L, Ho J. TransFed: cross-domain feature alignment for semi-supervised federated transfer learning. Machine Learning 2025, 114: 181. DOI: 10.1007/s10994-025-06805-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetricTokens for Learning, Tokens for Unlearning: Mitigating Membership Inference Attacks in Large Language Models via Dual-Purpose Training
Tran T, Liu R, Xiong L. Tokens for Learning, Tokens for Unlearning: Mitigating Membership Inference Attacks in Large Language Models via Dual-Purpose Training. 2025, 22872-22888. DOI: 10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.1174.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitations
2024
PreCurious: How Innocent Pre-Trained Language Models Turn into Privacy Traps
Liu R, Wang T, Cao Y, Xiong L. PreCurious: How Innocent Pre-Trained Language Models Turn into Privacy Traps. Conference On Computer And Communications Security : Proceedings Of The Conference On Computer And Communications Security ACM Conference On Computer And Communications Security 2024, 2024: 3511-3524. PMID: 40401199, PMCID: PMC12094715, DOI: 10.1145/3658644.3690279.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsPatient-Centered and Practical Privacy to Support AI for Healthcare
Liu R, Lee H, Bhavani S, Jiang X, Ohno-Machado L, Xiong L. Patient-Centered and Practical Privacy to Support AI for Healthcare. 2024, 00: 265-272. DOI: 10.1109/tps-isa62245.2024.00038.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitations
2023
Supporting Pandemic Preparedness with Privacy Enhancing Technology
Liu R, Zeighami S, Lin H, Shahabi C, Cao Y, Takagi S, Konishi Y, Yoshikawa M, Xiong L. Supporting Pandemic Preparedness with Privacy Enhancing Technology. 2023, 00: 34-43. DOI: 10.1109/tps-isa58951.2023.00014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsPrivateRec: Differentially Private Model Training and Online Serving for Federated News Recommendation
Liu R, Cao Y, Wang Y, Lyu L, Chen Y, Chen H. PrivateRec: Differentially Private Model Training and Online Serving for Federated News Recommendation. 2023, 4539-4548. DOI: 10.1145/3580305.3599889.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitations
2022
No One Left Behind: Inclusive Federated Learning over Heterogeneous Devices
Liu R, Wu F, Wu C, Wang Y, Lyu L, Chen H, Xie X. No One Left Behind: Inclusive Federated Learning over Heterogeneous Devices. 2022, 3398-3406. DOI: 10.1145/3534678.3539086.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCitationsAltmetric
Academic Achievements & Community Involvement
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Featured
honor Outstanding Paper Award, Generation Theme — Differentially Private Visual Learning with Public Subspace Augmented by Synthetic Data
10/01/2025International AwardACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM)honor Spotlight Paper (2025) — Towards hyperparameter-free optimization with differential privacy
01/01/2025International AwardInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)
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Contacts
Locations
101 College Street
Academic Office
New Haven, CT 06510