Melanie H Chitwood, PhD
Postdoctoral AssociateAbout
Research
Publications
2024
The recent rapid expansion of multidrug resistant Ural lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Moldova
Chitwood M, Colijn C, Yang C, Crudu V, Ciobanu N, Codreanu A, Kim J, Rancu I, Rhee K, Cohen T, Sobkowiak B. The recent rapid expansion of multidrug resistant Ural lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Moldova. Nature Communications 2024, 15: 2962. PMID: 38580642, PMCID: PMC10997638, DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47282-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMDR M. tuberculosisGenome sequenceResistance-conferring mutationsBeijing sublineageMDR strainsReproductive fitnessBeijing strainsCulture-positive casesLineagesMtb strainsMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisMDRMtbStrainMDR-TBMutationsResistant tuberculosisMDR-MTBSubstantial riskSublineagesTuberculosisSequence
2023
Spatial Modeling of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Transmission with Dyadic Genetic Relatedness Data
Warren J, Chitwood M, Sobkowiak B, Colijn C, Cohen T. Spatial Modeling of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Transmission with Dyadic Genetic Relatedness Data. Biometrics 2023, 79: 3650-3663. PMID: 36745619, PMCID: PMC10404301, DOI: 10.1111/biom.13836.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEstimated Testing, Tracing, and Vaccination Targets for Containment of the US Mpox Outbreak
Chitwood M, Kwon J, Savinkina A, Walker J, Bilinski A, Gonsalves G. Estimated Testing, Tracing, and Vaccination Targets for Containment of the US Mpox Outbreak. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2250984. PMID: 36637825, PMCID: PMC9857202, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50984.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2022
A spatial-mechanistic model to estimate subnational tuberculosis burden with routinely collected data: An application in Brazilian municipalities
Chitwood M, Alves L, Bartholomay P, Couto R, Sanchez M, Castro M, Cohen T, Menzies N. A spatial-mechanistic model to estimate subnational tuberculosis burden with routinely collected data: An application in Brazilian municipalities. PLOS Global Public Health 2022, 2: e0000725. PMID: 36962578, PMCID: PMC10021638, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000725.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPerson/yearTB incidenceCase notificationBurden estimatesIncident TB casesTB case notificationTB control strategiesDisease burden estimatesIncident TBUntreated TBTB casesTuberculosis burdenDisease burdenIncidence rateCase detectionRoutine dataDeath recordsMortality dataIncidenceSubnational estimatesDisease control resourcesBurdenHigh needTBFraction of individualsReconstructing the course of the COVID-19 epidemic over 2020 for US states and counties: Results of a Bayesian evidence synthesis model
Chitwood MH, Russi M, Gunasekera K, Havumaki J, Klaassen F, Pitzer VE, Salomon JA, Swartwood NA, Warren JL, Weinberger DM, Cohen T, Menzies NA. Reconstructing the course of the COVID-19 epidemic over 2020 for US states and counties: Results of a Bayesian evidence synthesis model. PLOS Computational Biology 2022, 18: e1010465. PMID: 36040963, PMCID: PMC9467347, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010465.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 infectionCOVID-19 casesIncident SARS-CoV-2 infectionCOVID-19 disease burdenSymptomatic COVID-19 casesLocal epidemiological trendsSARS-CoV-2 transmissionBayesian evidence synthesis modelCOVID-19 outcomesEvidence synthesis modelMagnitude of infectionCOVID-19 deathsCumulative incidenceDisease burdenExcess mortalityCase ascertainmentEpidemiological trendsSeroprevalence estimatesUnderlying incidenceUS populationDisease trendsViral transmission dynamicsInfectionEpidemiological driversCOVID-19 epidemic
2021
Trends in Untreated Tuberculosis in Large Municipalities, Brazil, 2008–2017 - Volume 27, Number 3—March 2021 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Chitwood MH, Pelissari DM, da Silva G, Bartholomay P, Rocha MS, Arakaki-Sanchez D, Sanchez M, Cohen T, Castro MC, Menzies NA. Trends in Untreated Tuberculosis in Large Municipalities, Brazil, 2008–2017 - Volume 27, Number 3—March 2021 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2021, 27: 957-960. PMID: 33622464, PMCID: PMC7920690, DOI: 10.3201/eid2703.204094.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBayesian evidence synthesis to estimate subnational TB incidence: An application in Brazil
Chitwood MH, Pelissari DM, da Silva G, Bartholomay P, Rocha MS, Sanchez M, Arakaki-Sanchez D, Glaziou P, Cohen T, Castro MC, Menzies NA. Bayesian evidence synthesis to estimate subnational TB incidence: An application in Brazil. Epidemics 2021, 35: 100443. PMID: 33676092, PMCID: PMC8252152, DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2021.100443.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB incidenceFraction of casesUntreated active diseaseIncident TB casesTB control programsLocal disease burdenIncident TBActive diseaseTB burdenTB casesTB outcomesTB notificationsDisease burdenBayesian evidence synthesisCase detectionIncidenceEvidence synthesisAverage annual increaseControl programsBurdenAnnual rateAnnual increaseFraction of individualsAverage annual rateSources of bias