Longitudinal associations between alcohol use, smoking, genetic risk scoring and symptoms of depression in the general population: a prospective 6-year cohort study
de Boer N, Vermeulen J, Lin B, van Os J, Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Bak M, Rutten B, Batalla A, Guloksuz S, Luykx J. Longitudinal associations between alcohol use, smoking, genetic risk scoring and symptoms of depression in the general population: a prospective 6-year cohort study. Psychological Medicine 2021, 53: 1409-1417. PMID: 35023464, PMCID: PMC10009403, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002968.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNumber of cigarettesDepressive symptomsAlcohol useLongitudinal associationsGeneral populationSmoking behaviorAlcohol consumptionGenetic risk scoringSymptoms of depressionGenetic risk score analysisGenetic risk scoreAlcohol cessationCohort studySmoking statusGlobal burdenMood disordersRisk scoreSmokingModerate drinkingRisk score analysisLess symptomsLinear mixed effects modelsSymptomsScore analysisRisk scoring