Kim Germaine Emiel Smolderen, PhD, MSc
ProfessorCards
About
Research
Publications
2026
Evolving dynamic needs for patient-reported outcomes assessment in individuals with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): A systematic review.
Smolderen K, Tapia C, Dennis B, Callegari S, Dahl M, Lindholt J, Van Herzeele I, Romain G, Mena-Hurtado C. Evolving dynamic needs for patient-reported outcomes assessment in individuals with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): A systematic review. Vascular Medicine 2026, 1358863x261417234. PMID: 41854119, DOI: 10.1177/1358863x261417234.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPatient-reported outcomesMental health assessmentAbdominal aortic aneurysmHealth assessmentPatient-centered dimensionsPatient-centered carePatient-reported outcome assessmentsHealth status instrumentsPatient-centered experiencePatient-reported outcome evaluationPatient-reported outcome studyMeasures of social connectionEmotional Well-BeingBiopsychosocial profilePhysical symptomsOutcome assessmentSystematic reviewResponse burdenDisease burdenTreatment satisfactionAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAAClinical complexityAdaptive testingWell-beingSingle itemsRole of Depression and Anxiety in Peripheral Artery Disease: Correlates, Outcomes, and Considerations for Treatment
Callegari S, Mubarak E, Romain G, Golledge J, Mena-Hurtado C, Smolderen K. Role of Depression and Anxiety in Peripheral Artery Disease: Correlates, Outcomes, and Considerations for Treatment. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2026, 46: e322135. PMID: 41711026, PMCID: PMC13007888, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.125.322135.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral arterial diseaseArtery diseasePeripheral artery disease managementAssociated with high mortalityCardiovascular disease managementMetabolic risk factorsAnxiety assessmentAnxietyLong-term outcomesProgression of peripheral arterial diseaseDepressionExercise therapyHealth statusMajor amputationBehavioral mechanismsTreatment outcomesTeam-basedSurgical approachBiopsychosocial circumstancesTreatment planningDisease managementHigh riskRisk factorsVessel patencyWorse diseaseBiopsychosocial predictors of long-term major amputation following peripheral vascular intervention in chronic limb-threatening ischemia using a machine learning algorithm approach
Joodi G, Romain G, Cleman J, Rendon I, Tabet R, Scierka L, Rahman M, Vashist A, Mubarak E, Tapia C, Smolderen K, Mena-Hurtado C. Biopsychosocial predictors of long-term major amputation following peripheral vascular intervention in chronic limb-threatening ischemia using a machine learning algorithm approach. JVS-Vascular Insights 2026, 4: 100348. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsvi.2025.100348.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChronic limb-threatening ischemiaAmputation riskPeripheral vascular interventionsBiopsychosocial factorsBiopsychosocial predictorsMajor amputationLimb-threatening ischemiaRisk factorsDelivery of individualized careHigh riskCardiovascular risk factorsBelow-the-kneeIndividualized careLimb outcomesClinical risk factorsFunctional statusVascular interventionsMultidisciplinary involvementBehavioral factorsAmputationQuality InitiativeFemale sexPre-procedural variablesPatient characteristicsOutcome data
2025
Advancing Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Focused Review and Our Institution’s Approach to Postendovascular Intervention Care
Tabet R, Rendon I, Joodi G, Filho J, Romain G, Tapia C, Smolderen K, Mena-Hurtado C. Advancing Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Focused Review and Our Institution’s Approach to Postendovascular Intervention Care. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2025, 261: 50-58. PMID: 41455511, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2025.11.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPeripheral arterial diseaseLower extremity peripheral arterial diseaseHigh risk of amputationRisk of amputationCare of patientsChronic limb-threatening ischemiaHigh riskManagement of patientsPostintervention phaseInterventional careStandard careLimb-threatening ischemiaBest-practice approachAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseRisk of cardiovascular eventsArtery diseaseLimb lossComprehensive road mapCareCardiovascular diseasePhysiciansInterventionAdvanced managementCardiovascular eventsClinical presentations rangeImaging practices following peripheral vascular intervention in chronic limb-threatening ischemia and association with amputation outcomes
Smolderen K, Rahman M, Romain G, Scierka L, Cleman J, Knight D, Vashist A, Mena-Hurtado C. Imaging practices following peripheral vascular intervention in chronic limb-threatening ischemia and association with amputation outcomes. Vascular Medicine 2025, 31: 35-46. PMID: 41395888, DOI: 10.1177/1358863x251379799.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChronic limb-threatening ischemiaMedian odds ratioIntraclass correlation coefficientPeripheral vascular interventionsAmputation outcomesLimb-threatening ischemiaAmputation rateResults:Access to careImaging practicesHigher amputation rateImaging testsMajor amputationHigher RatesOdds ratioMethods:Significant site variablesVascular interventionsAmputationSymptom statusFollow-up imaging protocolsVascular Quality Initiative dataPropensity-matched cohortInterventionCorrelation coefficientIntensity of glycemic control and risk of cardiovascular and limb events in peripheral artery disease
Girotra S, Li Q, Nguyen C, Somisetty M, James F, Lund B, Gobbel G, Al-Garadi M, Arya S, Smolderen K, Gupta A, Beckman J, Sarrazin M. Intensity of glycemic control and risk of cardiovascular and limb events in peripheral artery disease. European Heart Journal 2025, 46 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf784.3033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIntensity of glycemic controlAbstract Background DiabetesPeripheral arterial diseaseHgb A1cVeterans AffairsLongitudinal registryRisk of clinical eventsLimb eventsIncident peripheral artery diseaseBackground DiabetesPeripheral artery disease diagnosisA1C valuesGlycemic controlDiagnosis of peripheral arterial diseaseA1C >8%Time-varying exposureDevelopment of peripheral arterial diseaseBaseline periodCox proportional hazards regressionHigh categoryMultivariable Cox proportional hazards regressionPeripheral arterial disease severityProportional hazards regressionPeripheral arterial disease patientsCV eventsBehavioral and Mental Health Considerations for Patients Experiencing Vasculogenic Claudication
Callegari S, Mena-Hurtado C, Smolderen K. Behavioral and Mental Health Considerations for Patients Experiencing Vasculogenic Claudication. 2025, 145-162. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-032-02460-2_11.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPeripheral arterial diseaseMental health considerationsPatient experienceImpact of peripheral arterial diseaseHealth considerationsMental health problemsHolistic careHealth problemsPsychological factorsPsychological functioningClaudicationTreatment successStage of diseaseMultidimensional approachArtery diseaseOutcomesPatientsCareVasculogenic claudicationInterventionRisk assessmentPeriprocedural outcomes of embolic protection device use in carotid artery stenting
Callegari S, Romain G, Balasquide Odeh O, Tapia C, Pinto D, Rahman M, Vashist A, Smolderen K, Mena-Hurtado C. Periprocedural outcomes of embolic protection device use in carotid artery stenting. Journal Of Vascular Surgery 2025, 83: 738-746.e3. PMID: 41077289, DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2025.10.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCarotid artery stentingEmbolic protection devicesIn-Hospital MortalityNational quality improvement effortsPeriprocedural outcomesAssociated with higher oddsCumulative incidenceQuality improvement effortsArtery stentingCox proportional hazards regressionAssociated with higher in-hospitalAssociated with lower mortalityEPD groupHigher in-hospitalVascular Quality Initiative registryRisk of deathCarotid artery stenosisHigher oddsManagement of carotid artery stenosisMortality outcomesImprovement effortsTranscarotid artery revascularizationPropensity score matchingHazards regressionDevice useApplying a Random Forest Approach in Predicting Health Status in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis 30 Days Post Stenting
Qureshi O, Mena‐Hurtado C, Romain G, Cleman J, Callegari S, Smolderen K. Applying a Random Forest Approach in Predicting Health Status in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis 30 Days Post Stenting. Stroke Vascular And Interventional Neurology 2025, 5: e001938. PMID: 41608717, PMCID: PMC12697605, DOI: 10.1161/svin.125.001938.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHealth statusMultivariate linear regression modelComponent summaryStroke Scale scoreLinear regression modelsScale scoreHealth status outcomesMental component summaryPhysical component summaryHealth status scoresShort Form SurveyHealth status benefitsRegression modelsDecision-making discussionsHigh riskHistory of strokeNational Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scoreNational InstituteCarotid artery stentingProtection of patientsVisual analogue scaleHealth outcomesStatus outcomesNon-Hispanic/LatinoObstructive pulmonary diseaseA call for patient involvement in peripheral artery disease research priority setting
Søgaard M, Dennis B, Højen A, Mena-Hurtado C, Smolderen K. A call for patient involvement in peripheral artery disease research priority setting. Vascular Medicine 2025, 30: 632-633. PMID: 40845041, DOI: 10.1177/1358863x251363530.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
Clinical Trials
Current Trials
CRUSH PAD: Real-world Outcomes Following Use of the Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) Technology in Calcified Common Femoral Lesions
IRB ID2000031113RolePrincipal InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date12/31/2023Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge18+ yearsSCOPE-CLI: Shifting Care and Outcomes for Patients with Endangered limbs Critical Limb Ischemia
IRB ID2000028963RolePrincipal InvestigatorPrimary Completion Date09/30/2024Recruiting ParticipantsGenderBothAge19+ years
Academic Achievements & Community Involvement
Clinical Care
Overview
Kim Smolderen, PhD, is a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in the intersection of mental health and cardiovascular diseases. She focuses on how psychological factors such as depression influence outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). She emphasizes the importance of mental health and patient-centered care.
A professor in Yale School of Medicine’s departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Smolderen co-directs the Vascular Medicine Outcomes Program, and is a co-founder of the Integrated Cardiovascular Behavioral Health Program at Yale New Haven Health. Her research delves into understanding patient experiences in chronic and acute vascular conditions, exploring pain phenotypes, and the impact of behavioral factors on patient outcomes. She has led numerous international studies, contributing significantly to advancements in patient care models for those with complex vascular conditions.\
Smolderen received her doctoral degree in health and medical psychology at Tilburg University in the Netherlands. She furthered her expertise with a postdoctoral fellowship in cardiovascular outcomes at the Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute. A fellow of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association, she has been instrumental in national efforts to integrate mental health with cardiovascular treatment strategies.
Clinical Specialties
News & Links
News
- March 16, 2026Source: Medscape
Novel Integrative Centers Address Cardiovascular-Mental Health Interface
- August 04, 2025Source: WTNH
What To Know About Mental Health and Heart Care
- July 22, 2025
New Clinic Provides Mental Health Care for Patients with Heart Conditions
- June 02, 2025
New Professors in the Department of Internal Medicine
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789 Howard Avenue
New Haven, CT 06519
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