2025
A Bayesian Approach to the G‐Formula via Iterative Conditional Regression
Liu R, Hu L, Wilson F, Warren J, Li F. A Bayesian Approach to the G‐Formula via Iterative Conditional Regression. Statistics In Medicine 2025, 44: e70123. PMID: 40476299, PMCID: PMC12184534, DOI: 10.1002/sim.70123.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCausal effect estimationTime-varying covariatesModel misspecification biasBayesian approachReal world data examplesG-formulaAverage causal effect estimationTime-varying treatmentsBayesian additive regression treesAverage causal effectAdditive regression treesConditional expectationOutcome regressionConditional distributionJoint distributionData examplesPosterior distributionMisspecification biasParametric regressionSimulation studyEffect estimatesSampling algorithmAlgorithm formulaCausal effectsFlexible machine learning techniquesHow Should Parallel Cluster Randomized Trials With a Baseline Period be Analyzed?—A Survey of Estimands and Common Estimators
Lee K, Li F. How Should Parallel Cluster Randomized Trials With a Baseline Period be Analyzed?—A Survey of Estimands and Common Estimators. Biometrical Journal 2025, 67: e70052. PMID: 40302411, PMCID: PMC12041842, DOI: 10.1002/bimj.70052.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInformative cluster sizeIndependence estimating equationsCluster-period sizesParallel cluster randomized trialsTreatment effect estimatesCluster randomized trialInconsistent estimatesSimulation studyEstimandsEstimating EquationsCluster sizeContinuous outcomesEstimationTreatment effectsEffect estimatesImprove mental healthRandomized trialsConvergenceEquationsRural eastern IndiaMental healthMixed-effects modelsYouth teamsEffects of Prenatal Exposure to PM2.5 Chemical Components on Adverse Birth Outcomes and Under-5 Mortality in South Korea
Byun G, Choi Y, Lee J, Bell M. Effects of Prenatal Exposure to PM2.5 Chemical Components on Adverse Birth Outcomes and Under-5 Mortality in South Korea. Epidemiology 2025, 36: 531-540. PMID: 40257114, PMCID: PMC12118620, DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001868.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAir PollutantsChild MortalityChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant MortalityInfant, Low Birth WeightInfant, NewbornInfant, Small for Gestational AgeLogistic ModelsMaleMaternal ExposureParticulate MatterPregnancyPregnancy OutcomePremature BirthPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsRepublic of KoreaConceptsAdverse birth outcomesAssociated with adverse birth outcomesBirth outcomesRisk of preterm birthExposure to PMPreterm birthLow birth weightAssociated with increased odds of PTBIncreased risk of PTBOdds of preterm birthAssociations of prenatal exposureUnder-5 MortalityExposure to fine particulate matterPopulation of South KoreaAssociated with increased oddsPrenatal exposureAge 5 yearsDeath recordsBirth weightBirth recordsUnder-5Pregnancy exposureEffects of prenatal exposureEffect estimatesLogistic regressionExtreme Heat and Hospitalization Among Older Persons With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias
Delaney S, Stegmuller A, Mork D, Mock L, Bell M, Gill T, Braun D, Zanobetti A. Extreme Heat and Hospitalization Among Older Persons With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. JAMA Internal Medicine 2025, 185: 412-421. PMID: 39899291, PMCID: PMC11791774, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.7719.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCase-crossover designOdds ratioPopulation-based cohort studyMedicare fee-for-serviceBurden of Alzheimer's diseaseConditional logistic regressionFee-for-serviceOR point estimatesRisk of hospitalizationADRDOlder personsOlder adultsMain OutcomesPopulation subgroupsWhite beneficiariesDiagnosis codesCohort studyEffect estimatesHealth burdenLogistic regressionCounseling patientsCumulative ORAlzheimer's diseaseIncreased hospitalizationOutdoor heatOutcome adaptive propensity score methods for handling censoring and high-dimensionality: Application to insurance claims
Du J, Yu Y, Zhang M, Wu Z, Ryan A, Mukherjee B. Outcome adaptive propensity score methods for handling censoring and high-dimensionality: Application to insurance claims. Statistical Methods In Medical Research 2025, 34: 847-866. PMID: 40013476, DOI: 10.1177/09622802241306856.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPropensity score modelHigh-dimensional settingsVariable selection procedureTreatment effect estimatesPropensity score estimationAverage treatment effectVariable selection methodsModel misspecificationMultiple treatment groupsSimulation studyRegularization methodStatistical efficiencyBinary outcomesScore estimationOutcome probabilitiesSelection procedureHigh-dimensionalTreatment effectsEffect estimatesVariables related to treatmentCensoringPropensity scoreMisspecificationEstimationPropensity score methodsEnteral and parenteral nutrition in patients with cancer: complication rates compared—updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Chow R, Im J, Arends J, Del Fabbro E, Mortensen-Truscott L, Qeska D, Balaji S, Walsh C, Watson G, Lock M, Prsic E, Eng L, Zimmermann C, Bruera E. Enteral and parenteral nutrition in patients with cancer: complication rates compared—updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 2025, 15: 281-290. PMID: 39890439, DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2024-005244.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCumulative meta-analysisNutrition support complicationsSystematic reviewProtein-energy malnutritionEnteral nutritionParenteral nutritionMeta-analysisRandomised controlled trialsSubgroup analysisLeave-one-out analysisStandard careEffect estimatesControlled TrialsType I errorComplication rateComplicationsAdultsNutritionPatientsInfectionInfection rateCancerMortalityEndpointChildrenEnvironmental Protective and Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review and Reanalysis of Meta-Analyses
Kim S, Kim M, Kwon Y, Min J, Alromi A, Kim J, Kim J, Shin J, Yon D, Chu Y, Park S. Environmental Protective and Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review and Reanalysis of Meta-Analyses. Journal Of Gastric Cancer 2025, 25: 285-302. PMID: 40200873, PMCID: PMC11982512, DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2025.25.e16.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIncreased risk of GCRisk of GCGC riskSystematic reviewMeta-analysesIncreased riskGrading of RecommendationsHeavy alcohol consumptionUmbrella reviewGraded associationGastric cancerHabitual salt intakeDietary habitsAlcohol consumptionEffect estimatesCochrane DatabaseGC preventionGrain consumptionPositive associationReduced riskEnvironmental exposuresRisk factorsHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1Salt intakeDietary intervention
2024
WHAT’S AGE, SEX, AND FRAILTY GOT TO DO WITH IT? USING DESIGN AND ANALYSIS TO PROVIDE POWERFUL ANSWERS
Allore H. WHAT’S AGE, SEX, AND FRAILTY GOT TO DO WITH IT? USING DESIGN AND ANALYSIS TO PROVIDE POWERFUL ANSWERS. Innovation In Aging 2024, 8: 504-504. PMCID: PMC11690411, DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igae098.1647.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBlack Carbon Air Pollution and Incident Mortality Among the Advance-Aged Adults in China: A Prospective Cohort Study
Zhu A, Kan H, Shi X, Zeng Y, Ji J. Black Carbon Air Pollution and Incident Mortality Among the Advance-Aged Adults in China: A Prospective Cohort Study. The Journals Of Gerontology Series A 2024, 80: glae302. PMID: 39716384, PMCID: PMC11897793, DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae302.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProspective cohort studyNonaccidental mortalityChinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity SurveyMortality riskCohort studyBlack carbonLow physical activityBC exposurePM2.5 componentsHighest effect estimatesAverage BCImprove public healthCox proportional hazards modelsPhysical activityLongevity SurveyPM2.5 exposure concentrationsFine particulate matterProportional hazards modelIncident mortalityStratified analysisPredictors of mortalityEffect estimatesRural populationDemographic covariatesPublic healthMulti-day vs single-day dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: systematic review and meta-analysis
Chow R, Celio L, Im J, Caini S, Eng L, Prsic E, Scotté F, Aapro M. Multi-day vs single-day dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: systematic review and meta-analysis. Supportive Care In Cancer 2024, 32: 736. PMID: 39432169, DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08934-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDexamethasone-sparing regimenChemotherapy-induced nausea and vomitingModerately emetogenic chemotherapyHighly emetogenic chemotherapyRandomized Controlled TrialsComplete responseMeta-analysisEmetogenic chemotherapyNo vomitingRescue medicationProphylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomitingSystematic reviewSchedule of dexamethasoneNausea and vomitingChemotherapy-induced nauseaResultsTen trialsAntiemetic regimenCumulative meta-analysisEffect estimatesSafety profileComprehensive systematic reviewMethodsOvid MEDLINERegimensAdult cancer patientsCancer patientsCore Concepts in Pharmacoepidemiology: Quantitative Bias Analysis
Brown J, Hunnicutt J, Ali M, Bhaskaran K, Cole A, Langan S, Nitsch D, Rentsch C, Galwey N, Wing K, Douglas I. Core Concepts in Pharmacoepidemiology: Quantitative Bias Analysis. Pharmacoepidemiology And Drug Safety 2024, 33: e70026. PMID: 39375940, DOI: 10.1002/pds.70026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsQuantitative bias analysisBias analysisValidity of study findingsPharmacoepidemiological studiesRobustness of studiesEffects of medicationStudy designEffect estimatesResidual biasStudy findingsSelection biasConfoundingEstimated effectsPotential biasPharmacoepidemiologyBiasMedicationCore conceptsStudyMeasurement errorExposure range matters: considering nonlinear associations in the meta-analysis of environmental pollutant exposure using examples of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and birth outcomes
Guo P, Warren J, Deziel N, Liew Z. Exposure range matters: considering nonlinear associations in the meta-analysis of environmental pollutant exposure using examples of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and birth outcomes. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2024, 194: 1043-1051. PMID: 39227151, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwae309.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNon-linear associationMeta-analysisHeterogeneity of effect estimatesEffect estimatesPotential non-linear associationsExposure-outcome relationshipsRisk of preterm birthSubgroup meta-analysisBirth outcomesPollution exposureMeta-analytic approachMeta-analysesEffect sizeEnvironmental pollutant exposureResults heterogeneityExposure levelsHealth effectsPreterm birthEvidence-based policymakingPrenatal exposurePotential heterogeneityMean birth weightBirth weightMethodological challengesCut-off choiceQuantitative bias analysis methods for summary-level epidemiologic data in the peer-reviewed literature: a systematic review
Shi X, Liu Z, Zhang M, Hua W, Li J, Lee J, Dharmarajan S, Nyhan K, Naimi A, Lash T, Jeffery M, Ross J, Liew Z, Wallach J. Quantitative bias analysis methods for summary-level epidemiologic data in the peer-reviewed literature: a systematic review. Journal Of Clinical Epidemiology 2024, 175: 111507. PMID: 39197688, PMCID: PMC12135099, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111507.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchQuantitative bias analysis methodsQuantitative bias analysisPeer-reviewed literatureSystematic reviewEpidemiological dataObservational studyOpen Science FrameworkEnglish-language articlesWeb of ScienceMisclassification biasImpact of biasScience FrameworkStudy designEffect estimatesMeta-analysesPre-registeredStudy protocolBias analysisSelection biasLevel dataFuture investigationsMultiple biasesConfoundingReviewMEDLINENet Monetary Benefit Lines Augmented with Value-of-Information Measures to Present the Results of Economic Evaluations under Uncertainty
Yaesoubi R, Kunst N. Net Monetary Benefit Lines Augmented with Value-of-Information Measures to Present the Results of Economic Evaluations under Uncertainty. Medical Decision Making 2024, 44: 770-786. PMID: 39056310, PMCID: PMC12181631, DOI: 10.1177/0272989x241262343.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchResults of cost-effectiveness analysesNet monetary benefitCost-effectiveness planeCost-effectiveness analysisMonetary benefitsDecision uncertaintyDecision problemEffect estimatesHypothetical decision problemResults of economic evaluationsValue-of-informationDecision makersCost-effectiveness ratioEconomic evaluation studiesCorrelated costsHigh varianceLevel of uncertaintyParameter uncertaintiesEconomic evaluationMagnitude of parametersMakersDecisionUncertaintyCostMonetaryGlobal and Regional Cardiovascular Mortality Attributable to Nonoptimal Temperatures Over Time
Hundessa S, Huang W, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Wen B, Alahmad B, Armstrong B, Gasparrini A, Sera F, Tong S, Madureira J, Kyselý J, Schwartz J, Vicedo-Cabrera A, Hales S, Johnson A, Li S, Guo Y, Jaakkola J, Ryti N, Urban A, Tobias A, Royé D, Lavigne E, Ragettli M, Åström C, Raz R, Pascal M, Kan H, Goodman P, Zeka A, Hashizume M, Diaz M, Seposo X, Nunes B, Kim H, Lee W, Íñiguez C, Guo Y, Pan S, Zanobetti A, Dang T, Van Dung, Schneider A, Entezari A, Analitis A, Forsberg B, Ameling C, Houthuijs D, Indermitte E, Mayvaneh F, Acquaotta F, de'Donato F, Carrasco-Escobar G, Orru H, Katsouyanni K, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho M, Ortega N, Scovronick N, Michelozzi P, Correa P, Saldiva P, Abrutzky R, Osorio S, Colistro V, Huber V, Honda Y, Kim Y, Bell M, Xu R, Yang Z, Roradeh H, Arellano E, Rao S, Chua P, da Silva S, da Silva S, De la Cruz Valencia C. Global and Regional Cardiovascular Mortality Attributable to Nonoptimal Temperatures Over Time. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2024, 83: 2276-2287. PMID: 38839202, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.03.425.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCardiovascular deathCardiovascular mortalityExcess mortality ratesCardiovascular mortality riskMultivariate meta-regression modelTemperature-mortality associationsMeta-regression modelsTemperature-related deathsMortality burdenMortality riskEffect estimatesHeat-related deathsSub-Saharan AfricaMortality attributesTemporal trendsCold-related deathsMortality rateGlobal assessmentSub-SaharanInvestigated spatiotemporal trendsDeath ratioMortalityBurdenComprehensive global assessmentDeathDemystifying estimands in cluster-randomised trials
Kahan B, Blette B, Harhay M, Halpern S, Jairath V, Copas A, Li F. Demystifying estimands in cluster-randomised trials. Statistical Methods In Medical Research 2024, 33: 1211-1232. PMID: 38780480, PMCID: PMC11348634, DOI: 10.1177/09622802241254197.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCluster randomised trialPotential outcomes notationTreatment effect estimatesOverview of estimationPublished cluster randomised trialsCluster-level summariesTarget estimandEstimandsTreatment effectsEffect estimatesInterpretation of treatment effectsOdds ratioEstimationRandomised trialsStudy objectiveSequential covariate-adjusted randomization via hierarchically minimizing Mahalanobis distance and marginal imbalance
Yang H, Qin Y, Li Y, Hu F. Sequential covariate-adjusted randomization via hierarchically minimizing Mahalanobis distance and marginal imbalance. Biometrics 2024, 80: ujae047. PMID: 38801258, DOI: 10.1093/biomtc/ujae047.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCovariate balanceMarginal imbalanceAdaptive randomization methodsTreatment effect estimatesSequential allocation schemeModified Mahalanobis distanceRandomization methodSimulation studyCovariate imbalanceRandom processTheoretical guaranteesCovariatesImbalance measureEffect estimatesMahalanobis distanceCurrent patientSample size differencesMarginal balanceAllocation schemeConvergenceData analysisSuperior performanceBayesian network-based Mendelian randomization for variant prioritization and phenotypic causal inference
Sun J, Zhou J, Gong Y, Pang C, Ma Y, Zhao J, Yu Z, Zhang Y. Bayesian network-based Mendelian randomization for variant prioritization and phenotypic causal inference. Human Genetics 2024, 143: 1081-1094. PMID: 38381161, DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02640-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMendelian randomizationGenetic instrumental variablesGenomic dataIndividual-level dataInstrumental variablesUK BiobankFalse-positive discoveriesGenetic structureVariant prioritizationEffect estimatesMR methodsGene interactionsGenetic variantsCausal inferencePsychiatric disordersStatistical powerBlood pressureBayesian frameworkInference frameworkInferenceBiobankEstimationCausal relationshipsPleiotropyGenes
2023
Natural cubic splines for the analysis of Alzheimer’s trials
Donohue M, Langford O, Insel P, van Dyck C, Petersen R, Craft S, Raman R, Sims J, Sperling R, Aisen P. Natural cubic splines for the analysis of Alzheimer’s trials. Alzheimer's & Dementia 2023, 19 DOI: 10.1002/alz.070862.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchVersion effectsType I error controlNatural cubic splinesDegrees of freedomPreclinical AlzheimerTreatment effect estimatesType I errorMild dementiaProportional treatment effectLongitudinal data analysisSimulation studyModel selection techniquesMild Alzheimer's dementiaEffect assumptionSpline modelMMRMCubic splinesSplinesA4 studyTrial of donepezilOff-scheduleADAS-CogAlzheimer's dementiaEffect estimatesTreat principleComparison of the Test-negative Design and Cohort Design With Explicit Target Trial Emulation for Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness
Li G, Gerlovin H, Muñiz M, Wise J, Madenci A, Robins J, Aslan M, Cho K, Gaziano J, Lipsitch M, Casas J, Hernán M, Dickerman B. Comparison of the Test-negative Design and Cohort Design With Explicit Target Trial Emulation for Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness. Epidemiology 2023, 35: 137-149. PMID: 38109485, PMCID: PMC11022682, DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001709.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTest-negative designTarget trial emulationVaccine effectivenessCohort designTrial emulationResidual confoundingCOVID-19 vaccine effectivenessHealth care-seeking behaviorBNT162b2 vaccine effectivenessCare-seeking behaviorCOVID-19 outcomesVA healthcare systemCOVID-19 vaccineBNT162b2 vaccineAbsolute riskObservational studyNationwide dataVeterans AffairsTarget trialsEffect estimatesHealthcare systemVaccineCohortNegative controlTrials
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