2025
Fetal exposure to a mixture of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and biomarkers of male fecundity: A population‐based cohort study
Hull S, Hougaard K, Toft G, Petersen K, Flachs E, Lindh C, Ramlau‐Hansen C, Wise L, Wilcox A, Liew Z, Bonde J, Tøttenborg S. Fetal exposure to a mixture of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and biomarkers of male fecundity: A population‐based cohort study. Andrology 2025 PMID: 40220336, DOI: 10.1111/andr.70039.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchExposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicalsFetal exposureEndocrine-disrupting chemicalsPolyfluoroalkyl substancesTesticular volumeFetal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicalsChemical mixturesSperm concentrationPhthalate metabolitesDanish National Birth CohortSemen Quality CohortTotal sperm countMaternal blood samplesPopulation-based cohort studyAssociated with several biomarkersLower sperm concentrationPFAS mixtureConfidence intervalsNational Birth CohortReproductive hormone levelsOne-quartile increaseMale fecundityConcentrations of per-Fetal programmingSperm count
2024
Maternal intake of paracetamol during pregnancy and biomarkers of male fecundity in young adult sons
Laursen T, Ramlau-Hansen C, Tøttenborg S, Liew Z, Toft G, Gaml-Sørensen A, Hougaard K, Bonde J, Ernst A. Maternal intake of paracetamol during pregnancy and biomarkers of male fecundity in young adult sons. Reproductive Toxicology 2024, 127: 108626. PMID: 38815769, DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108626.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIntake of paracetamolMaternal intakeHigher DNA fragmentation indexDanish National Birth CohortDNA fragmentation indexSemen characteristicsLong durationImpaired semen qualityConfidence intervalsImpaired semen characteristicsNational Birth CohortReproductive hormone levelsAssociated with biomarkersDuration of exposureYears of ageFetal programmingNo intakeImmotile spermatozoaSons of mothersFollow-upYoung adult menHormone levelsSemen qualityMale fecundityTrimester-specific
2022
Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Facial Features at 5 Years of Age: A Study from the Danish National Birth Cohort
Luo J, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Kesmodel US, Xiao J, Vasiliou V, Deziel NC, Zhang Y, Olsen J, Liew Z. Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Facial Features at 5 Years of Age: A Study from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2022, 130: 017006. PMID: 35080464, PMCID: PMC8791068, DOI: 10.1289/ehp9478.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDanish National Birth CohortMaternal alcohol intakePrenatal PFAS exposurePalpebral fissure lengthShorter palpebral fissure lengthNational Birth CohortYears of agePFAS exposureSecond tertileAlcohol intakePrenatal exposureOdds ratioBirth cohortSpecific neurologic deficitsConfidence intervalsFetal brain developmentSex-specific associationsNeurologic deficitsFirst trimesterPotential confoundersNeurodevelopmental effectsAlcohol exposureStratified analysisNormal groupMultinomial logistic regression
2020
Behavioral Problems at Age 11 Years After Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Acetaminophen: Parent-Reported and Self-Reported Outcomes
Inoue K, Ritz B, Ernst A, Tseng WL, Yuan Y, Meng Q, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Strandberg-Larsen K, Arah OA, Obel C, Li J, Olsen J, Liew Z. Behavioral Problems at Age 11 Years After Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Acetaminophen: Parent-Reported and Self-Reported Outcomes. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2020, 190: 1009-1020. PMID: 33230558, PMCID: PMC8248972, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa257.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrenatal acetaminophen exposurePostnatal exposureAcetaminophen exposureAge 11 yearsHigh riskDanish National Birth CohortBehavioral problemsNational Birth CohortTotal difficultiesChild-reported scoresMother-child pairsAcetaminophen usePrenatal exposureRisk ratioBirth cohortSDQ scoresCumulative weeksYoung childrenAssociationExposurePrenatalChildrenBehavioral outcomesOutcomesEarly adolescencePrenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and behavioral difficulties in childhood at 7 and 11 years
Luo J, Xiao J, Gao Y, Ramlau-Hansen CH, Toft G, Li J, Obel C, Andersen SL, Deziel NC, Tseng WL, Inoue K, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Olsen J, Liew Z. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and behavioral difficulties in childhood at 7 and 11 years. Environmental Research 2020, 191: 110111. PMID: 32846178, PMCID: PMC7657987, DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110111.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrenatal PFAS exposureMaternal thyroid hormonesThyroid hormonesOdds ratioPFAS exposureDanish National Birth CohortMaternal thyroid functionPrenatal perfluoroalkyl substancesMaternal thyroid dysfunctionFree thyroxine levelsNational Birth CohortAdjusted odds ratioBehavioral difficultiesPerfluoroalkyl substancesNatural indirect effectThyroid dysfunctionPFNA exposureFetal neurodevelopmentPrenatal exposureEpidemiological evidenceThyroid functionEarly gestationThyroxine levelsBirth cohortMaternal plasma
2019
Perfluoroalkyl Substances and thyroid hormones in early pregnancy; findings in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC)
Z L, K I, B R, S A, C R, B H, B B, T H, E B, J O. Perfluoroalkyl Substances and thyroid hormones in early pregnancy; findings in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Environmental Epidemiology 2019, 3: 240-240. DOI: 10.1097/01.ee9.0000608512.83637.07.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDanish National Birth CohortNational Birth CohortEarly pregnancyBirth cohortThyroid hormonesPerfluoroalkyl substancesPregnancyCohortHormone
2018
Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Birth Outcomes; An Updated Analysis from the Danish National Birth Cohort
Meng Q, Inoue K, Ritz B, Olsen J, Liew Z. Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Birth Outcomes; An Updated Analysis from the Danish National Birth Cohort. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health 2018, 15: 1832. PMID: 30149566, PMCID: PMC6164159, DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091832.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDanish National Birth CohortLow birth weightNational Birth CohortBirth weightPreterm birthBirth outcomesPFASs exposureBirth cohortPrenatal PFASs exposureMaternal plasma concentrationsAdverse birth outcomesPerfluorononanoic acidPerfluorodecanoic acidWidespread industrial pollutantsPerfluoroalkyl substancesPerfluorooctanoate exposureGestational ageHighest quartileInfant pairsEarly pregnancyFetal growthPrenatal exposurePerfluoroheptane sulfonatePlasma concentrationsElevated riskPrenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and IQ Scores at Age 5; a Study in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Liew Z, Ritz B, Bach CC, Asarnow RF, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Bossi R, Henriksen TB, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Olsen J. Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and IQ Scores at Age 5; a Study in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2018, 126: 067004. PMID: 29897723, PMCID: PMC6084884, DOI: 10.1289/ehp2754.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDanish National Birth CohortNational Birth CohortPrenatal exposureBirth cohortNatural log-unit increaseHow to investigate and adjust for selection bias in cohort studies
Nohr EA, Liew Z. How to investigate and adjust for selection bias in cohort studies. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2018, 97: 407-416. PMID: 29415329, DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13319.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCohort studyDanish National Birth CohortSelection biasLong-term followNational Birth CohortLongitudinal cohort studyCase-control studySubsequent follow upsExposure-outcome associationsTraditional epidemiological approachesPreventable causeFollow-upInverse probability weightingBirth cohortInitial participation rateStudy designEpidemiological approachLimited dataCohortDiseaseBias analysisProbability weightingParticipation ratesParticipantsLess disease
2015
Maternal use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: A Danish national birth cohort study
Liew Z, Ritz B, Virk J, Olsen J. Maternal use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: A Danish national birth cohort study. Autism Research 2015, 9: 951-958. PMID: 26688372, DOI: 10.1002/aur.1591.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetaminophenAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAutism Spectrum DisorderChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesComorbidityDenmarkFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePregnancyPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRiskStatistics as TopicConceptsRisk of ASDHyperkinetic symptomsAcetaminophen useHazard ratioDanish National Birth CohortCox proportional hazards modelHyperactive behavioral phenotypesAutism spectrum disorderEnd of followNational Birth CohortComputer-assisted telephone interviewsProportional hazards modelInfantile autismConfident intervalFever medicationPsychiatric RegistryPrenatal useProspective dataMaternal useHyperkinetic disorderAcetaminophen exposureFetal lifeHazards modelDiagnosis of ASDBirth cohortBias from conditioning on live birth in pregnancy cohorts: an illustration based on neurodevelopment in children after prenatal exposure to organic pollutants
Liew Z, Olsen J, Cui X, Ritz B, Arah OA. Bias from conditioning on live birth in pregnancy cohorts: an illustration based on neurodevelopment in children after prenatal exposure to organic pollutants. International Journal Of Epidemiology 2015, 44: 345-354. PMID: 25604449, PMCID: PMC4339763, DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu249.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderLive birthsPrenatal exposurePregnancy cohortFetal lossDanish National Birth CohortLong-term health outcomesNational Birth CohortWeak inverse associationEarly fetal lossPerfluoroalkyl substancesPregnancy lossSchool-aged childrenInverse associationFetal survivalCommon causeObservational studyBirth cohortHealth outcomesHuman fecundityCohortHyperactivity disorderBirthOutcomesNeurodevelopment
2014
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Childhood Autism in Association with Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances: A Nested Case–Control Study in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Liew Z, Ritz B, von Ehrenstein OS, Bech BH, Nohr EA, Fei C, Bossi R, Henriksen TB, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Olsen J. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Childhood Autism in Association with Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances: A Nested Case–Control Study in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2014, 123: 367-373. PMID: 25616253, PMCID: PMC4383573, DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408412.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderDanish National Birth CohortNational Birth CohortDeficit/hyperactivity disorderPrenatal exposureRisk ratioChildhood autismBirth cohortDanish National Hospital RegistryDanish Psychiatric Central RegistryNested Case-Control StudyRisk of ADHDNational Hospital RegistryPrenatal PFAS exposureHyperactivity disorderCase-control studyMother-child pairsPerfluoroalkyl substancesConsistent evidenceHospital registryProspective studyPlasma levelsNeurobehavioral problemsPFAS exposureCentral RegistryPrenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Risk of Congenital Cerebral Palsy in Children
Liew Z, Ritz B, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Henriksen TB, Nohr EA, Bech BH, Fei C, Bossi R, von Ehrenstein OS, Streja E, Uldall P, Olsen J. Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Risk of Congenital Cerebral Palsy in Children. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2014, 180: 574-581. PMID: 25139206, PMCID: PMC12118604, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu179.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAlkanesulfonic AcidsCaprylatesCase-Control StudiesCerebral PalsyCohort StudiesDenmarkEndocrine DisruptorsEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental PollutantsFemaleFluorocarbonsHumansInfant, NewbornMaleMaternal AgeOdds RatioPregnancyPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsSex DistributionSex FactorsYoung AdultConceptsCongenital cerebral palsyPrenatal exposureCerebral palsyDanish National Birth CohortCerebral Palsy RegisterNational Birth CohortFetal brain developmentDose-response patternCase-cohort designPerfluoroalkyl substancesLiveborn singletonsMaternal levelsRisk ratioHigh riskCP casesCP riskBirth cohortMaternal plasmaBrain developmentPalsyPerfluorooctane sulfonateRiskPFAS levelsCohortPerfluorooctanoic acidAcetaminophen Use During Pregnancy, Behavioral Problems, and Hyperkinetic Disorders
Liew Z, Ritz B, Rebordosa C, Lee PC, Olsen J. Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy, Behavioral Problems, and Hyperkinetic Disorders. JAMA Pediatrics 2014, 168: 313-320. PMID: 24566677, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4914.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetaminophenAdultAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildChild, PreschoolDenmarkFemaleHumansHyperkinesisInfantMaleMental DisordersMothersPregnancyPrenatal Exposure Delayed EffectsProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesConceptsAcetaminophen useHyperkinetic disorderADHD-like behaviorsMental health problemsPrenatal exposureADHD medicationHigh riskDanish National Hospital RegistryDanish Psychiatric Central RegistryDanish National Birth CohortBehavioral problemsMothers' mental health problemsDanish Prescription RegistryMaternal acetaminophen useNational Hospital RegistryNational Birth CohortExposure-response trendsComputer-assisted telephone interviewsFetal brain developmentAge 7 yearsChildren 7 yearsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderPublic health relevanceADHD prescriptionsMaternal inflammation
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