2024
Subclinical Atherosclerosis to Guide Treatment in Dyslipidemia and Diabetes Mellitus
Mszar R, Katz M, Grandhi G, Osei A, Gallo A, Blaha M. Subclinical Atherosclerosis to Guide Treatment in Dyslipidemia and Diabetes Mellitus. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 2024, 26: 217-230. PMID: 38662272, DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01202-w.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronary artery calciumType 2 diabetes mellitusAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseDiabetes mellitusCardiovascular riskAtherosclerotic burdenIncreased CACComputed tomography coronary angiographyRisk of cardiovascular eventsIncreased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseLow-density lipoprotein cholesterolRisk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseMarkers of dyslipidemiaThoracic aorta calcificationCoronary Artery Calcium TestingStratify cardiovascular riskPrimary prevention settingSubclinical atherosclerotic burdenAorta calcificationCardiovascular disease preventionAssessment of subclinical atherosclerosisPrimary hypercholesterolemiaStatin therapyCoronary angiographyArtery calciumEGFR-Driven Lung Adenocarcinomas Co-opt Alveolar Macrophage Metabolism and Function to Support EGFR Signaling and Growth.
Kuhlmann-Hogan A, Cordes T, Xu Z, Kuna R, Traina K, Robles-Oteíza C, Ayeni D, Kwong E, Levy S, Globig A, Nobari M, Cheng G, Leibel S, Homer R, Shaw R, Metallo C, Politi K, Kaech S. EGFR-Driven Lung Adenocarcinomas Co-opt Alveolar Macrophage Metabolism and Function to Support EGFR Signaling and Growth. Cancer Discovery 2024, of1-of22. PMID: 38270272, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0434.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLung adenocarcinomaGM-CSFEGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomaT cell-based immunotherapyTransformed epitheliumOncogenic signalingGM-CSF secretionProinflammatory immune responseSuppress tumor progressionLocal immunosuppressionStatin therapyTherapeutic combinationsNovel therapiesTumor cellsTumor progressionTumor growthLung cancerLung adenocarcinoma cellsEGFR phosphorylationImmune responseImmunological supportCancer cellsInflammatory functionsAlveolar macrophagesIncreased cholesterol synthesisEGFR-driven lung adenocarcinomas coopt alveolar macrophage metabolism and function to support EGFR signaling and growth.
Kuhlmann-Hogan A, Cordes T, Xu Z, Kuna R, Traina K, Robles-Oteiza C, Ayeni D, Kwong E, Levy S, Globig A, Nobari M, Cheng G, Leibel S, Homer R, Shaw R, Metallo C, Politi K, Kaech S. EGFR-driven lung adenocarcinomas coopt alveolar macrophage metabolism and function to support EGFR signaling and growth. Cancer Discovery 2024, 14: 524-545. PMID: 38241033, PMCID: PMC11258210, DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0434.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLung adenocarcinomaGM-CSFEGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomaGM-CSF secretionProinflammatory immune responseSuppress tumor progressionLocal immunosuppressionStatin therapyTherapeutic combinationsNovel therapiesTumor cellsTumor progressionTumor growthLung adenocarcinoma cellsEGFR phosphorylationImmune responseTransformed epitheliumCancer cellsInflammatory functionsEGFR SignalingMacrophage metabolismAlveolar macrophagesIncreased cholesterol synthesisMetabolic supportOncogenic signaling
2023
Age- and sex-based heterogeneity in coronary artery plaque presence and burden in familial hypercholesterolemia: A multi-national study
Nasir K, Mszar R, Cainzos-Achirica M, Grandhi G, Tromp T, Alonso R, Bittencourt M, Bruckert E, Díaz-Díaz J, Gallo A, Hovingh G, Miname M, Muñiz-Grijalvo O, Pang J, de Isla L, Sijbrands E, Watts G, Mata P, Santos R. Age- and sex-based heterogeneity in coronary artery plaque presence and burden in familial hypercholesterolemia: A multi-national study. American Journal Of Preventive Cardiology 2023, 17: 100611. PMID: 38125206, PMCID: PMC10730992, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2023.100611.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCoronary artery calcificationCoronary artery diseaseComputed tomography angiographyObstructive coronary artery diseaseFamilial hypercholesterolemiaFemale patientsPrevalence of obstructive coronary artery diseaseNon-obstructive coronary artery diseaseNon-statin lipid-lowering therapyPlaque burdenBurden of coronary artery calcificationStatin-treated individualsLipid-Lowering TherapyBurden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosisSpectrum of atherosclerosisSubclinical coronary atherosclerosisHigh-risk populationPersonalized risk assessmentMulti-national studyStatin therapyMeasures of subclinical atherosclerosisArtery calcificationArtery diseaseRisk populationCoronary atherosclerosisAntithrombotic and Statin Prescription After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Registry
Murthy S, Zhang C, Shah S, Schwamm L, Fonarow G, Smith E, Bhatt D, Ziai W, Kamel H, Sheth K. Antithrombotic and Statin Prescription After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke Registry. Stroke 2023, 54: 2972-2980. PMID: 37942641, PMCID: PMC10842167, DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043194.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIschemic vascular diseaseProportion of patientsGuidelines-Stroke registryLipid-Lowering TherapyIntracerebral hemorrhageVascular diseaseStatin therapyAnticoagulation therapyCardiovascular eventsAtrial fibrillationFuture major cardiovascular eventsLower admission National InstitutesPrevious lipid-lowering therapyAdmission National InstitutesFavorable discharge outcomeIschemic cardiovascular eventsHealth Stroke ScaleMajor cardiovascular eventsLipid-lowering medicationsCross-sectional studyMultiple logistic regressionLogistic regression analysisAntiplatelet medicationsAntiplatelet therapyStatin medicationWhat are the benefits and drawbacks of statins in carotid artery disease? A perspective review
Said S, Dardik A, Chaar C. What are the benefits and drawbacks of statins in carotid artery disease? A perspective review. Expert Review Of Cardiovascular Therapy 2023, 21: 763-777. PMID: 37994875, PMCID: PMC11493559, DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2286011.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsCarotid artery diseaseCarotid artery stenosisSide effectsArtery diseaseArtery stenosisAlternative therapiesSymptomatic carotid artery stenosisAtherosclerotic carotid artery diseaseMultiple international guidelinesAcute ischemic strokeImpact of statinsGenetic polymorphismsStatin side effectsWarrants close monitoringDrug of choiceSerious side effectsMechanism of statinStatin therapyCarotid revascularizationIschemic strokePCSK9 inhibitorsLipid controlStroke incidencePatient selectionClinical efficacyPragmatic evaluation of events and benefits of lipid lowering in older adults (PREVENTABLE): Trial design and rationale
Joseph J, Pajewski N, Dolor R, Sellers M, Perdue L, Peeples S, Henrie A, Woolard N, Jones W, Benziger C, Orkaby A, Mixon A, VanWormer J, Shapiro M, Kistler C, Polonsky T, Chatterjee R, Chamberlain A, Forman D, Knowlton K, Gill T, Newby L, Hammill B, Cicek M, Williams N, Decker J, Ou J, Rubinstein J, Choudhary G, Gazmuri R, Schmader K, Roumie C, Vaughan C, Effron M, Cooper‐DeHoff R, Supiano M, Shah R, Whittle J, Hernandez A, Ambrosius W, Williamson J, Alexander K, Group P. Pragmatic evaluation of events and benefits of lipid lowering in older adults (PREVENTABLE): Trial design and rationale. Journal Of The American Geriatrics Society 2023, 71: 1701-1713. PMID: 37082807, PMCID: PMC10258159, DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18312.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOlder adultsHigh-intensity statin therapyRandomized pragmatic clinical trialCognitive testingBenefits of lipidInitiation of statinsBenefits of statinsNational Death Index searchEffect of statinsPragmatic clinical trialsCommunity-dwelling adultsMild cognitive impairmentLow participant burdenBaseline cognitive testingElectronic health recordsCardiovascular deathCardiovascular eventsCoronary revascularizationLipid panelStatin therapyStatin useUnstable anginaHeart failurePrimary outcomeMyocardial infarctionAssociation between statin exposure and short-term mortality in patients with high-grade acute-on-chronic liver failure
Chapin S, Kaplan D, Taddei T, Mahmud N. Association between statin exposure and short-term mortality in patients with high-grade acute-on-chronic liver failure. JHEP Reports 2023, 5: 100740. PMID: 37215188, PMCID: PMC10193237, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100740.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChronic liver failureShort-term mortalityRetrospective cohort studyStatin exposureLiver failureStatin useCohort studyLogistic regression modelsLower oddsHigh short-term mortalityVeterans Health Administration patientsDose exposureMultivariable logistic regression modelClasses of medicationsFuture prospective studiesVeterans Health AdministrationDose-dependent reductionPotential beneficial effectsStatin therapyTerm mortalityAnalytic cohortRegression modelsProspective studyReduced oddsACLF
2022
Primary prevention statin therapy in older adults
Nanna M, Abdullah A, Mortensen M, Navar A. Primary prevention statin therapy in older adults. Current Opinion In Cardiology 2022, 38: 11-20. PMID: 36598445, PMCID: PMC9830552, DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge 75Older adult populationStatin treatmentRandomized trialsAdult populationPrimary prevention statin therapyOlder adultsAverage lifespan increasesRecent guideline recommendationsACC/AHAOngoing randomized trialsPrevention of morbidityPaucity of evidenceStatin therapyStatin useUSPSTF recommendationsOlder patientsGuideline recommendationsOngoing trialsTreatment recommendationsCardiovascular diseaseTreatment benefitTreatment decisionsGuidelines conflictTrialsSeven days of statin treatment improves nitric-oxide mediated endothelial-dependent cutaneous microvascular function in women with endometriosis
Dillon GA, Stanhewicz AE, Serviente C, Flores VA, Stachenfeld N, Alexander LM. Seven days of statin treatment improves nitric-oxide mediated endothelial-dependent cutaneous microvascular function in women with endometriosis. Microvascular Research 2022, 144: 104421. PMID: 35970408, PMCID: PMC9527706, DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104421.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndothelium-dependent vasodilationLaser Doppler fluxEndothelial functionCardiovascular diseaseOral atorvastatinExerts potent anti-inflammatory effectsEndothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholineShort-term statin administrationPotent anti-inflammatory effectsIntradermal microdialysis perfusionNO-dependent dilationImpaired endothelial functionMicrovascular endothelial functionCutaneous microvascular functionCutaneous vascular conductanceAnti-inflammatory effectsNO-dependent vasodilationNO synthase inhibitorDose-response curveStatin therapyAdjunctive therapyAtorvastatin treatmentCVD riskEndothelial dysfunctionStatin administrationStatin exposure is associated with reduced development of acute-on-chronic liver failure in a Veterans Affairs cohort
Mahmud N, Chapin S, Goldberg DS, Reddy KR, Taddei TH, Kaplan DE. Statin exposure is associated with reduced development of acute-on-chronic liver failure in a Veterans Affairs cohort. Journal Of Hepatology 2022, 76: 1100-1108. PMID: 35066085, PMCID: PMC9018495, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.034.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic liver failureStatin exposureLiver failureStatin useCohort studyChronic liver failure developmentInverse probability treatment weightingProportional hazards regression modelsDoses of statinsVeterans Affairs cohortRetrospective cohort studyChronic liver diseaseHazards regression modelsLarge national cohortVeterans Health AdministrationNumerous beneficial effectsMarginal structural modelsMedian followStatin therapyLiver diseaseNational cohortACLFTreatment weightingCirrhosisPatients
2021
Prognostic Utility of Risk Enhancers and Coronary Artery Calcium Score Recommended in the 2018 ACC/AHA Multisociety Cholesterol Treatment Guidelines Over the Pooled Cohort Equation: Insights From 3 Large Prospective Cohorts
Akintoye E, Afonso L, Jayanna M, Bao W, Briasoulis A, Robinson J. Prognostic Utility of Risk Enhancers and Coronary Artery Calcium Score Recommended in the 2018 ACC/AHA Multisociety Cholesterol Treatment Guidelines Over the Pooled Cohort Equation: Insights From 3 Large Prospective Cohorts. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2021, 10: e019589. PMID: 34092110, PMCID: PMC8477885, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019589.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAmerican Heart AssociationBiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesCholesterolClinical Decision-MakingCoronary Artery DiseaseDecision Support TechniquesDyslipidemiasFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedPractice Guidelines as TopicPredictive Value of TestsPrimary PreventionPrognosisRisk AssessmentTime FactorsUnited StatesVascular CalcificationConceptsPooled Cohort EquationsCoronary artery calcium scoreCholesterol treatment guidelinesArtery calcium scoreAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseCohort EquationsRisk enhancersCalcium scoreTreatment guidelinesCardiovascular diseaseAmerican Heart Association/American CollegeAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease eventsBackground Limited dataIntermediate-risk participantsIntermediate-risk patientsCardiovascular disease eventsLarge prospective cohortIncremental valueNet reclassification indexStatin therapyCAC testingProspective cohortPrognostic utilityC-statisticReclassification indexBiobank Scale Pharmacogenomics Informs the Genetic Underpinnings of Simvastatin Use
Wendt FR, Koller D, Pathak GA, Jacoby D, Miller EJ, Polimanti R. Biobank Scale Pharmacogenomics Informs the Genetic Underpinnings of Simvastatin Use. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2021, 110: 777-785. PMID: 33837531, PMCID: PMC8376807, DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2260.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLDL-C concentrationsSimvastatin useLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrationsLipoprotein cholesterol concentrationsDrug-metabolizing enzymesElectronic medical recordsStatin therapyStatin treatmentActivity scoreMedical recordsPilot cohortCholesterol concentrationsEuropean ancestry participantsMetabolizer phenotypeClinical decisionNAT2 allelesPolygenic riskNAT2Good responseUK BiobankBiological mechanismsPharmacogenesAssociationPotential benefitsPhenotypeIs the effect of atorvastatin 60 mg on stabilization of lipid‐rich plaque equivalent to that of rosuvastatin 10 mg? A serial optical coherence tomography combined with intravascular ultrasound imaging
Xu M, Demuyakor A, Hu S, Liu H, Zhao C, Chen T, Qin Y, Xu Y, Feng X, Zeng M, Weng Z, Gao Z, Hou J, Jia H, Zhang S, Yu B. Is the effect of atorvastatin 60 mg on stabilization of lipid‐rich plaque equivalent to that of rosuvastatin 10 mg? A serial optical coherence tomography combined with intravascular ultrasound imaging. Catheterization And Cardiovascular Interventions 2021, 97: 1097-1107. PMID: 33864710, DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29654.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOptical coherence tomographyLipid-rich plaquesLipid lowering therapyEffect of atorvastatinFibrous cap thicknessStatin therapyLowering therapyCoherence tomographyIntensive lipid lowering therapySerial optical coherence tomographyCholesterol levelsLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol levelsIntravascular ultrasound imagingLipoprotein cholesterol levelsCholesterol level reductionLipid arcClinical benefitFollow-upPlaque volumeUltrasound imagingTherapyTherapy effectsPlaque burdenPercentage changeStatinsEffect of Statin Therapy on Age-Associated Changes in Physical Function Among Men With and Without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
Abdo M, Langan SJ, MaWhinney S, Sun J, Lake JE, Palella FJ, Kingsley L, Brown TT, Erlandson KM. Effect of Statin Therapy on Age-Associated Changes in Physical Function Among Men With and Without HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2021, 86: 455-462. PMID: 33230030, PMCID: PMC8193908, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002579.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStatin usePhysical functionStatin usersHIV serostatusGait speedMulticenter AIDS Cohort StudyBaseline median ageGrip strength declineCardiovascular risk factorsGait speed declineAIDS Cohort StudyAge-associated changesYears of ageLong-term riskStatin therapyCohort studyMedian ageGrip strengthRisk factorsHIVStudy menSpeed declineAgeMenSerostatusSACRED: Effect of simvastatin on hepatic decompensation and death in subjects with high-risk compensated cirrhosis: Statins and Cirrhosis: Reducing Events of Decompensation
Kaplan D, Mehta R, Garcia-Tsao G, Albrecht J, Aytaman A, Baffy G, Bajaj J, Hernaez R, Hunt K, Ioannou G, Johnson K, Kanwal F, Lee T, Monto A, Pandya P, Schaubel D, Taddei T. SACRED: Effect of simvastatin on hepatic decompensation and death in subjects with high-risk compensated cirrhosis: Statins and Cirrhosis: Reducing Events of Decompensation. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2021, 104: 106367. PMID: 33771685, PMCID: PMC8422958, DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106367.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatic decompensationPortal hypertensionEvents of decompensationHepatic decompensation eventsLiver-related deathSignificant portal hypertensionAcceptable safety profileProspective human studiesRole of statinsChronic liver diseaseClasses of medicationsPatient-reported outcomesDevelopment of decompensationEffect of simvastatinVA Medical CenterCompensated cirrhosisDecompensation eventsStatin therapyVariceal hemorrhageCirrhotic patientsStandard therapyVascular reactivityExert pleiotropic effectsLiver diseaseRetrospective studyThe effect of statins on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease, patients on dialysis, and kidney transplanted recipients: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.
Ghayda R, Lee J, Yang J, Han C, Jeong G, Yoon S, Hong S, Lee K, Gauckler P, Kronbichler A, Kang W, Shin J. The effect of statins on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease, patients on dialysis, and kidney transplanted recipients: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. European Review For Medical And Pharmacological Sciences 2021, 25: 2696-2710. PMID: 33829456, DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202103_25433.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic kidney diseaseKidney transplant recipientsNon-dialysis chronic kidney diseaseChronic kidney disease patientsStrength of evidenceTransplant recipientsMeta-analysesStatin useUmbrella reviewCardiovascular mortalityAll-CauseUmbrella review of meta-analysesMeta-analyses of observational studiesReview of meta-analysesChronic kidney disease stage 5DAssociated with reduced all-cause mortalityGroup chronic kidney diseaseKidney diseaseSmall-study effectsBetween-study heterogeneityAll-Cause MortalityRandomized Controlled TrialsEffects of statinsReduce cardiovascular mortalityStatin therapyAdherence to Acute Care Measures Affects Mortality in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: The Florida Stroke Registry
Gardener H, Rundek T, Lichtman J, Leifheit E, Wang K, Asdaghi N, Romano JG, Sacco RL. Adherence to Acute Care Measures Affects Mortality in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: The Florida Stroke Registry. Journal Of Stroke And Cerebrovascular Diseases 2021, 30: 105586. PMID: 33412397, PMCID: PMC7880890, DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105586.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFibrinolytic AgentsFloridaGuideline AdherenceHealthcare DisparitiesHospital MortalityHumansHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsIschemic StrokeMaleMedicarePatient ReadmissionPractice Guidelines as TopicPractice Patterns, Physicians'Quality ImprovementQuality Indicators, Health CareRegistriesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsRisk Reduction BehaviorSmoking CessationThrombolytic TherapyTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsAcute care measuresFlorida Stroke RegistryHospital readmissionCare measuresStatin therapyRace/ethnicityStroke RegistryAntithrombotic therapyIschemic strokeAntithrombotic useStroke careIntravenous alteplase treatmentMedicare beneficiaries ageAcute stroke careIschemic stroke patientsLong-term mortalityVascular risk factorsRace/ethnic disparitiesFull study populationAlteplase treatmentDVT prophylaxisEligible patientsAnticoagulation therapyCessation counselingStatin use
2020
Vertebral Artery Stenosis
Brooks D, Schindler J. Vertebral Artery Stenosis. Current Treatment Options In Cardiovascular Medicine 2020, 22: 35. DOI: 10.1007/s11936-020-00832-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchVertebral artery stenosisArtery stenosisEndovascular therapyAggressive risk factor controlExtracranial vertebral artery stenosisHigh-intensity statin therapyIntracranial vertebral artery stenosisSymptomatic vertebral artery stenosisDual antiplatelet therapyLipid-Lowering TherapyRisk factor controlLipid-lowering agentsRisk of strokeNovel lipid-lowering agentsAggressive initiationAntiplatelet therapyStatin therapyCommon conditionHigh riskStenosisMedical careTherapyNatural historyTherapy protocolsStrokePrognostic Implications of Coronary CT Angiography: 12-Year Follow-Up of 6892 Patients.
Johnson K, Dowe D. Prognostic Implications of Coronary CT Angiography: 12-Year Follow-Up of 6892 Patients. American Journal Of Roentgenology 2020, 215: 818-827. PMID: 32755354, DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.22578.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronary CT angiographyCoronary artery diseasePrescription of statinsArtery diseaseStatin therapyPrognostic value of coronary CT angiographyLong-term prognostic valueKaplan-Meier survival curvesRisk estimatesExtent of coronary atherosclerosisMedian Follow-UpFramingham modelRisk estimation modelOutcome of deathAll-Cause MortalityFramingham risk estimatesBurden of coronary diseaseDeath due to coronary artery diseaseNational Death IndexCox proportional hazardsCT angiographyClinical benefitFollow-upSurvival curvesCoronary disease
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