The immune system and autism spectrum disorder: association and therapeutic challenges
Heidari A, Rostam–Abadi Y, Rezaei N. The immune system and autism spectrum disorder: association and therapeutic challenges. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 2021, 81: 249-263. PMID: 34672295, DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral nervous systemPlasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokinesPrevalence of autoimmune disordersImmune systemLevels of pro-inflammatory cytokinesFirst-degree family membersAutism spectrum disorderPro-inflammatory cytokinesAnti-inflammatory drugsInnate immune systemDevelopment of autism spectrum disorderAutoimmune involvementDefinitive treatmentAutoimmune processAutoimmune disordersImmunological factorsPlasma levelsGut-brain axisTriggering inflammationASD patientsHighest prevalenceNervous systemPathogenesisASD pathogenesisGenetic factors