Progesterone Increases Nicotine Withdrawal and Anxiety in Male but Not Female Smokers During Brief Abstinence
Novick AM, Duffy KA, Johnson RL, Sammel MD, Cao W, Strasser AA, Sofuoglu M, Kuzma A, Loughead J, Epperson CN. Progesterone Increases Nicotine Withdrawal and Anxiety in Male but Not Female Smokers During Brief Abstinence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 2022, 24: 1898-1905. PMID: 35713950, PMCID: PMC9653080, DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac146.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrief abstinenceNegative affectNicotine withdrawalNicotine use disorderUse disordersFemale smokersNeural measuresFinal drug administrationSmoking cuesSmoking-related outcomesNeural responsesEffect of progesteroneSmoking urgesMood statesSex-dependent effectsSmoking outcomesNicotine effectsDrug AdministrationAbstinence periodSubjective effectsNicotine dependenceAbstinenceMain effectSignificant sexPlacebo-controlled crossover study