Behavioral assessment in patients with disorders of consciousness: gold standard or fool's gold?
Giacino JT, Schnakers C, Rodriguez-Moreno D, Kalmar K, Schiff N, Hirsch J. Behavioral assessment in patients with disorders of consciousness: gold standard or fool's gold? Progress In Brain Research 2009, 177: 33-48. PMID: 19818893, DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(09)17704-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDisorders of consciousnessMedication side effectsSevere brain injuryAssessment of patientsBehavioral assessmentCurrent diagnostic criteriaFunctional neuroimaging findingsBrain injuryInvoluntary movementsNeuroimaging findingsMotor impairmentDiagnostic criteriaSide effectsBehavioral assessment techniquesNeurophysiologic markersVegetative stateConscious stateGold standardBehavioral assessment methodsFunctional neuroimagingPatientsDisordersIndirect evidenceBehavioral markersMarkers