1997
Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Bremner JD, Morgan CA, Nicolaou AL, Nagy LM, Johnson DR, Heninger GR, Charney DS. Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 1997, 54: 749-758. PMID: 9283511, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830200083012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYohimbine-induced panic attacksPosttraumatic stress disorderPanic attacksCardiovascular effectsCardiovascular measurementsStress disorderYohimbine hydrochloridePTSD symptomsDiastolic blood pressureDouble-blind fashionSeparate test daysGreater increaseBlood pressureIntravenous infusionSerotonergic functionNoradrenergic activitySerotonergic systemNoradrenergic systemHealthy subjectsSerotonergic activityPatientsDifferent patientsTest dayCombat veteransYohimbine
1996
The biological basis of panic disorder.
Krystal JH, Deutsch DN, Charney DS. The biological basis of panic disorder. The Journal Of Clinical Psychiatry 1996, 57 Suppl 10: 23-31; discussion 32-3. PMID: 8917129.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPanic disorderMultiple neuronal systemsRelated brain regionsFunctional imaging studiesOvert historyPharmacologic mechanismsTreatment optionsPharmacologic challengePanicogenic agentPreclinical investigationsNeurochemical substratesPanic attacksChallenge studiesBrain regionsImaging studiesAnatomical basisNeuronal systemsAnxiety disordersDisordersHeritable predispositionBiological basisFurther evidence
1995
Effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil in PTSD
Randall P, Bremner J, Krystal J, Nagy L, Heninger G, Nicolaou A, Charney D. Effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil in PTSD. Biological Psychiatry 1995, 38: 319-324. PMID: 7495926, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00306-n.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVisual analogue rating scaleAdministration of flumazenilAnxiety symptomsCrossover study designBenzodiazepine antagonist flumazenilGABAA receptor complexBenzodiazepine/GABAA receptor complexPanic disorder patientsAnalogue rating scalesFlumazenil administrationPTSD Symptom ScaleIntravenous infusionAntagonist flumazenilGABAA antagonistHealthy controlsClinical studiesDisorder patientsSymptom ScaleFlumazenilPanic disorderPanic attacksVietnam combat veteransStudy designRating ScalePTSD symptomsRelationship of Panic Disorder to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Reply
Southwick S, Krystal J, Charney D. Relationship of Panic Disorder to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-Reply. JAMA Psychiatry 1995, 52: 77-78. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950130077012.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1994
Alcohol Dependence May Be the Missing Link Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Panic-Reply
Krystal J, Southwick S, Charney D. Alcohol Dependence May Be the Missing Link Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Panic-Reply. JAMA Psychiatry 1994, 51: 430-430. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950050090014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPanic disorderPTSD symptomsΑ2-adrenergic antagonistMajor psychiatric disordersPosttraumatic stress disorderAcute alcoholOpiate withdrawalMajor depressionNoradrenergic systemHealthy subjectsPsychiatric disordersClinical reportsAlcohol consumptionPatientsPanic attacksAlcohol dependenceSubstance abuseStress disorderNeurobiological significanceAnxiety disordersDisordersSymptomsPTSDWithdrawalLittle evidence
1993
Abnormal Noradrenergic Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Morgan CA, Johnson D, Nagy LM, Nicolaou A, Heninger GR, Charney DS. Abnormal Noradrenergic Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 1993, 50: 266-274. PMID: 8466387, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820160036003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosttraumatic stress disorderYohimbine-induced panic attacksUncontrollable stressStress disorderYohimbine-induced increasesSystolic blood pressureSubgroup of patientsHealthy male subjectsCore PTSD symptomsCardiovascular effectsBlood pressureMale patientsPathophysiological relationshipNoradrenergic functionPreclinical dataNeurobiological sequelaeHealthy subjectsHeart rateNeuronal regulationPanic disorderMale subjectsNeuronal functionPanic attacksPatientsYohimbine hydrochlorideLong-Term Outcome of Panic Disorder After Short-Term Imipramine and Behavioral Group Treatment
NAGY L, KRYSTAL J, CHARNEY D, MERIKANGAS K, WOODS S. Long-Term Outcome of Panic Disorder After Short-Term Imipramine and Behavioral Group Treatment. Journal Of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1993, 13: 16-24. PMID: 8098050, DOI: 10.1097/00004714-199302000-00003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMonths of treatmentLong-term outcomesTime of admissionTime of dischargeEfficacy of treatmentPanic attack frequencyDSM-III diagnosesBehavioral treatment programBehavioral group treatmentNonpharmacological therapiesTerm outcomesMajor depressionAntipanic medicationSame doseLow doseLifetime diagnosisTreatment durationPatientsPanic disorderPanic attacksAttack frequencyImipramineTreatment programBehavioral therapyImpairment ratings
1992
Noradrenergic neuronal dysregulation in panic disorder: the effects of intravenous yohimbine and clonidine in panic disorder patients
Charney DS, Woods SW, Krystal JH, Nagy LM, Heninger GR. Noradrenergic neuronal dysregulation in panic disorder: the effects of intravenous yohimbine and clonidine in panic disorder patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1992, 86: 273-282. PMID: 1333719, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1992.tb03266.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPanic disorder patientsDisorder patientsPanic disorderIntravenous yohimbineHealthy subjectsYohimbine-induced panic attacksClonidine-induced decreaseYohimbine-induced increasesGrowth hormone responseNeuronal dysregulationCardiovascular effectsPlasma MHPGPatientsPlasma 3Hormone responseNeuronal functionPanic attacksClonidineHuman dataDisordersYohimbineHuman anxietySubgroupsFear statesFunctional regulation
1991
Characteristics of panic attack subtypes: Assessment of spontaneous panic, situational panic, sleep panic, and limited symptom attacks
Krystal J, Woods S, Hill C, Charney D. Characteristics of panic attack subtypes: Assessment of spontaneous panic, situational panic, sleep panic, and limited symptom attacks. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1991, 32: 474-480. PMID: 1778074, DOI: 10.1016/0010-440x(91)90026-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNumber of symptomsPanic attacksLimited symptom attacksDSM-IIIPanic attack subtypesDSM-III criteriaSpontaneous panic attacksSleep panicSpontaneous panicPanic disorderAwake stateDiagnostic significanceSymptomsPanic attack severityWeekly frequencyAttack severitySubtypesDescriptive characteristicsSeverityFollow-up Study of Patients With Panic Disorder-Reply
Nagy L, Krystal J, Charney D, Woods S. Follow-up Study of Patients With Panic Disorder-Reply. JAMA Psychiatry 1991, 48: 861-862. DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330085018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBehavioral, biochemical, and cardiovascular responses to the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil in panic disorder
Woods S, Charney D, Silver J, Krystal J, Heninger G. Behavioral, biochemical, and cardiovascular responses to the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil in panic disorder. Psychiatry Research 1991, 36: 115-127. PMID: 1850142, DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(91)90124-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntagonist flumazenilAnxiolytic effectsBenzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenilReceptor antagonist flumazenilDose of flumazenilVisual analog scaleBenzodiazepine receptor functionBZR inverse agonistsSignificant anxiolytic effectSeparate test daysPlacebo capsulesBlood pressureAnalog scaleCardiovascular responsesDisorder patientsHeart rateFlumazenilCrossover designPanic patientsPanic disorderPlasma cortisolBaseline levelsPanic attacksPlaceboReceptor function
1989
Clinical and Medication Outcome After Short-term Alprazolam and Behavorial Group Treatment in Panic Disorder: 2.5-Year Naturalistic Follow-up Study
Nagy LM, Krystal JH, Woods SW, Charney DS. Clinical and Medication Outcome After Short-term Alprazolam and Behavorial Group Treatment in Panic Disorder: 2.5-Year Naturalistic Follow-up Study. JAMA Psychiatry 1989, 46: 993-999. PMID: 2818144, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110035005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFU periodAlprazolam treatmentMajor depressionPanic disorderPanic attacksPanic attack frequencyBehavioral group treatment programGreater symptom severityAntipanic effectsNonpharmacologic therapiesMedication outcomesNaturalistic followGroup treatment programAlprazolam dosesSame doseLow doseLifetime diagnosisAttack frequencySymptom severityTreatment programBehavioral therapyPatientsAdmissionAlprazolamTreatment gains