Biochemical, demographic, and self-reported tobacco-related predictors of the acute heart rate response to nicotine in smokers
Jensen KP, Valentine G, Buta E, DeVito EE, Gelernter J, Sofuoglu M. Biochemical, demographic, and self-reported tobacco-related predictors of the acute heart rate response to nicotine in smokers. Pharmacology Biochemistry And Behavior 2018, 173: 36-43. PMID: 30107183, PMCID: PMC6125200, DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.08.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute heart rate responseHeart rate responseNicotine infusionHigher nicotine metabolite ratioTobacco harm reduction approachesRate responseGreater withdrawal symptomsNicotine metabolite ratioBlood-based biomarkersNicotine delivery systemsWarrants further investigationHarm reduction approachWithdrawal symptomsCardiovascular functionLower nicotine levelsTobacco useMetabolite ratiosNicotine levelsSmokeless productsHigher cortisolSmokersHR effectsStimulatory effectNicotineDemographic characteristics