2004
Prospective Longitudinal Study of Children With Tic Disorders and/or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Relationship of Symptom Exacerbations to Newly Acquired Streptococcal Infections
Luo F, Leckman JF, Katsovich L, Findley D, Grantz H, Tucker DM, Lombroso PJ, King RA, Bessen DE. Prospective Longitudinal Study of Children With Tic Disorders and/or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Relationship of Symptom Exacerbations to Newly Acquired Streptococcal Infections. Pediatrics 2004, 113: e578-e585. PMID: 15173540, DOI: 10.1542/peds.113.6.e578.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGABHS infectionSymptom exacerbationObsessive-compulsive disorderControl subjectsTourette syndromeAcute exacerbationTime pointsHealthy control subjectsBeta-hemolytic streptococciAcute inflammatory responseAcute symptom exacerbationsProspective longitudinal studyAutoimmune mechanismsPediatric patientsStreptococcal infectionNeuropsychiatric symptomsGABHS infectionsNonspecific markerInflammatory responseTic disordersUnselected groupObsessive-compulsive symptom severityExacerbationPatientsObsessive-compulsive symptoms
2001
Tic disorders: when habit forming neural systems form habits of their own?
Leckman JF, Yeh CB, Cohen DJ. Tic disorders: when habit forming neural systems form habits of their own? Journal Of The Chinese Medical Association 2001, 64: 669-92. PMID: 11922487.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderTourette syndromeAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderBasal gangliaIntolerable side effectsSubgroup of patientsLong-term outcomesAlpha-adrenergic agentsMajor affective disordersSpecific brain circuitsNew therapeutic directionDeficit/hyperactivity disorderAutoimmune mechanismsEarly brain developmentComorbid conditionsAtypical neurolepticsClinical neuroscience researchClinical trialsPrevalent disorderChildhood onsetClinical careMarked impairmentSide effectsPharmacological techniquesAffective disorders