Featured Publications
Racial and ethnic differences in alcohol, cannabis, and illicit substance use treatment: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of studies done in the USA
Jordan A, Quainoo S, Nich C, Babuscio TA, Funaro MC, Carroll KM. Racial and ethnic differences in alcohol, cannabis, and illicit substance use treatment: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of studies done in the USA. The Lancet Psychiatry 2022, 9: 660-675. PMID: 35752192, DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00160-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSubstance use outcomesTreatment initiationJoanna Briggs Institute appraisal toolsSystematic reviewSubstance use disordersSignificant differencesSubstance use treatmentDissemination of treatmentUncontrolled trialsClinical trialsBaseline differencesStudy qualityInclusion criteriaUse disordersRCTsNarrative synthesisSocial determinantsUse treatmentAppraisal toolLatinx adultsEthnic differencesEthnic populationsOutcomesTrialsLatinx populations
2023
Percentage of negative urine drug screens as a clinically meaningful endpoint for RCTs evaluating treatment for cocaine use
Loya J, Babuscio T, Nich C, Alessi S, Rash C, Kiluk B. Percentage of negative urine drug screens as a clinically meaningful endpoint for RCTs evaluating treatment for cocaine use. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2023, 248: 109947. PMID: 37276806, PMCID: PMC10498479, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109947.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUrine drug screensClinical trialsMeaningful endpointsCocaine useLong-term clinical benefitBetter long-term outcomesDrug screensPsychosocial functioningNegative urine drug screensLong-term outcomesRandomized clinical trialsFuture clinical trialsBetter psychosocial functioningClinical benefitPharmacological treatmentContinuous abstinenceTreatment periodTreatment respondersSustained abstinenceSubstance useTrialsTreatmentMeaningful thresholdPooled datasetAbstinence
2020
A feasibility study providing substance use treatment in the Black church
Jordan A, Babuscio T, Nich C, Carroll KM. A feasibility study providing substance use treatment in the Black church. Journal Of Substance Use And Addiction Treatment 2020, 124: 108218. PMID: 33771290, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108218.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTechnology-based treatmentsClinical trialsSUD treatmentBlack adultsNonrandomized feasibility studyUrine toxicology screenHealth care disparitiesEvidence-based interventionsDSM-5 criteriaAdequate numberCognitive behavioral therapyDisseminable strategyUndertreated populationToxicology screenCurrent SUDCare disparitiesHealth advisorsBehavioral therapySubstance useMean numberTreatmentHigh uptakeFeasibility studyCBT4CBTTrials
2018
Accounting for the uncounted: Physical and affective distress in individuals dropping out of oral naltrexone treatment for opioid use disorder
Carroll KM, Nich C, Frankforter TL, Yip SW, Kiluk BD, DeVito EE, Sofuoglu M. Accounting for the uncounted: Physical and affective distress in individuals dropping out of oral naltrexone treatment for opioid use disorder. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2018, 192: 264-270. PMID: 30300800, PMCID: PMC6203294, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.08.019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOpioid use disorderOral naltrexoneUse disordersAffective symptomsVoucher-based contingency managementDysphoric symptomsAffective distressOral naltrexone treatmentMultiple baseline characteristicsBaseline characteristicsNaltrexone treatmentHigh riskNaltrexoneSomatic symptomsSymptomsContingency managementTreatmentHigh rateDistressSubstantial evidenceTrialsTheoretical benefitsDisordersAffective discomfortParticipants
2016
The effectiveness and cost of clinical supervision for motivational interviewing: A randomized controlled trial
Martino S, Paris M, Añez L, Nich C, Canning-Ball M, Hunkele K, Olmstead TA, Carroll KM. The effectiveness and cost of clinical supervision for motivational interviewing: A randomized controlled trial. Journal Of Substance Use And Addiction Treatment 2016, 68: 11-23. PMID: 27431042, PMCID: PMC4955716, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2016.04.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOutpatient substance abuse programsSubstance abuse programsEvidence-based practiceHybrid type 2Substance abstinenceSubstance use differencesType 2CliniciansAbuse programsMotivational interviewingGreater increaseMI strategiesTrialsClinical supervisionMI performanceMIAClient retentionAbstinence
2014
Gender differences in clinical outcomes for cocaine dependence: Randomized clinical trials of behavioral therapy and disulfiram
DeVito EE, Babuscio TA, Nich C, Ball SA, Carroll KM. Gender differences in clinical outcomes for cocaine dependence: Randomized clinical trials of behavioral therapy and disulfiram. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2014, 145: 156-167. PMID: 25457739, PMCID: PMC4268325, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRandomized clinical trialsClinical trialsClinical outcomesTreatment outcomesCocaine dependenceBehavioral therapyBehavioral treatment conditionsPoor treatment outcomesEvidence-based treatmentsGender differencesWidespread clinical implementationPoor outcomePharmacological treatmentMedication conditionAddiction pharmacotherapyCocaine useSecondary analysisBehavioral treatmentClinical implementationWomenCareful assessmentDisulfiramOutcomesTrialsMenComputer-Assisted Delivery of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Efficacy and Durability of CBT4CBT Among Cocaine-Dependent Individuals Maintained on Methadone
Carroll KM, Kiluk BD, Nich C, Gordon MA, Portnoy GA, Marino DR, Ball SA. Computer-Assisted Delivery of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Efficacy and Durability of CBT4CBT Among Cocaine-Dependent Individuals Maintained on Methadone. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2014, 171: 436-444. PMID: 24577287, PMCID: PMC4042674, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070987.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCocaine-dependent individualsCognitive behavioral therapyMethadone maintenanceCommunity-based outpatient clinicsPrevious pilot trialMethadone maintenance programStandard methadone maintenanceDisseminable strategyDefinitive trialOutpatient clinicClinical trialsEffective adjunctPilot trialTreatment terminationTreatment retentionBetter outcomesConsecutive weeksCBT4CBTWeekly accessAddiction treatmentDurable effectsTrialsSubstance usersStatistical significanceMethadone
2011
Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Brewer JA, Mallik S, Babuscio TA, Nich C, Johnson HE, Deleone CM, Minnix-Cotton CA, Byrne SA, Kober H, Weinstein AJ, Carroll KM, Rounsaville BJ. Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2011, 119: 72-80. PMID: 21723049, PMCID: PMC3191261, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.05.027.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAbstinence ratesPoint prevalence abstinence ratesLong-term abstinence ratesCigarettes/dayCurrent standard treatmentEnd of treatmentPoint prevalence abstinenceAmerican Lung Association's FreedomMindfulness trainingPrimary outcomeCigarette smokingSmoking cessationStandard treatmentClinical trialsWeek 17Preventable deathsPsychiatric disordersSmoking treatmentCigarette useNicotine-dependent adultsTrialsCessationGroup formatTreatmentInitial trialA Methodological Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials of Computer-Assisted Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders: Toward Improved Standards for an Emerging Field
Kiluk BD, Sugarman DE, Nich C, Gibbons CJ, Martino S, Rounsaville BJ, Carroll KM. A Methodological Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials of Computer-Assisted Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders: Toward Improved Standards for an Emerging Field. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2011, 168: 790-799. PMID: 21536689, PMCID: PMC3607199, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101443.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsComputer-assisted therapyRandomized clinical trialsPsychiatric disordersClinical trialsMethodological qualityEvidence-based behavioral therapiesMethodological Quality IndexPotential adverse eventsEvidence-based therapiesAxis I DisordersAdult psychiatric disordersMethodological quality scoreEvidence-based interventionsAdverse eventsTreat principleRandomized trialsI disordersStudy qualityTreatment exposureTherapyBehavioral therapyCost-effective strategyDisordersTrialsCurrent standard
2010
Informal discussions in substance abuse treatment sessions with Spanish-speaking clients
Bamatter W, Carroll KM, Añez LM, Paris M, Ball SA, Nich C, Frankforter TL, Suarez-Morales L, Szapocznik J, Martino S. Informal discussions in substance abuse treatment sessions with Spanish-speaking clients. Journal Of Substance Use And Addiction Treatment 2010, 39: 353-363. PMID: 20817381, PMCID: PMC2967664, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2010.07.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMotivational enhancement therapyStandard treatmentDrug Abuse Clinical Trials Network protocolTreatment sessionsSubstance abuse treatment outcomesSignificant inverse correlationHispanic clientsEarly treatment sessionsSession audiotapesTreatment outcomesSubstance abuse treatment sessionsEnhancement therapyClient motivationSubstance useInverse correlationTreatment fidelityNational InstituteTreatmentAdverse consequencesTrialsSessionsClient retentionMonolingual Spanish
2009
A Multisite Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Motivational Enhancement Therapy for Spanish-Speaking Substance Users
Carroll KM, Martino S, Ball SA, Nich C, Frankforter T, Anez LM, Paris M, Suarez-Morales L, Szapocznik J, Miller WR, Rosa C, Matthews J, Farentinos C. A Multisite Randomized Effectiveness Trial of Motivational Enhancement Therapy for Spanish-Speaking Substance Users. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology 2009, 77: 993-999. PMID: 19803579, PMCID: PMC2792592, DOI: 10.1037/a0016489.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMotivational enhancement therapyEnhancement therapySubstance useSubstance usersRandomized Effectiveness TrialIndividual sessionsCurrent substance useX time interactionTreatment condition interactionCondition x time interactionSubstance use problemsClinical trialsEffectiveness trialTreatment exposureTherapy phaseTreatment retentionTreatment sessionsHispanic adultsTherapyHeterogeneous groupHispanic individualsTime interactionIndividual treatmentTrialsUse problems
2008
What is usual about “treatment-as-usual”? Data from two multisite effectiveness trials
Santa Ana EJ, Martino S, Ball SA, Nich C, Frankforter TL, Carroll KM. What is usual about “treatment-as-usual”? Data from two multisite effectiveness trials. Journal Of Substance Use And Addiction Treatment 2008, 35: 369-379. PMID: 18337053, PMCID: PMC2712113, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2008.01.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEffectiveness trialDrug Abuse Clinical Trials NetworkSubstance useMultisite effectiveness trialClinical Trials NetworkStandard clinical practiceParticipants' substance useCommunity-based drug abuse treatmentDrug abuse treatmentNumber of interventionsSubstance use outcomesPatient outcomesClinical practiceTrials NetworkAbuse treatmentUse outcomesNational InstituteSocial functioningTreatmentTrialsOpen-ended questionsOutcomesStandard practiceEarly stagesEarly sessions
2007
Site Matters: Multisite Randomized Trial of Motivational Enhancement Therapy in Community Drug Abuse Clinics
Ball SA, Martino S, Nich C, Frankforter TL, Van Horn D, Crits-Christoph P, Woody GE, Obert JL, Farentinos C, Carroll KM. Site Matters: Multisite Randomized Trial of Motivational Enhancement Therapy in Community Drug Abuse Clinics. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology 2007, 75: 556-567. PMID: 17663610, PMCID: PMC2148493, DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.75.4.556.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMotivational enhancement therapySubstance useEnhancement therapyBrief intervention conditionsOutpatient substance abuse programsSubstance use reductionDrug abuse clinicsSubstance abuse programsSession audiotapesRandomized trialsClinical trialsMultisite Randomized TrialSustained reductionTherapy phaseDrug usersPrimary alcohol usersAlcohol usersAbuse programsIntervention conditionSignificant increaseTherapyTrialsCAUOutpatientsClinicContingency Management to Reduce Substance Use in Individuals Who are Homeless with Co-Occurring Psychiatric Disorders
Tracy K, Babuscio T, Nich C, Kiluk B, Carroll KM, Petry NM, Rounsaville BJ. Contingency Management to Reduce Substance Use in Individuals Who are Homeless with Co-Occurring Psychiatric Disorders. The American Journal Of Drug And Alcohol Abuse 2007, 33: 253-258. PMID: 17497548, PMCID: PMC3390023, DOI: 10.1080/00952990601174931.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2004
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III Subtypes of Opioid Dependence: Validity and Matching to Behavioral Therapies
Ball SA, Nich C, Rounsaville BJ, Eagan D, Carroll KM. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III Subtypes of Opioid Dependence: Validity and Matching to Behavioral Therapies. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology 2004, 72: 698-711. PMID: 15301655, PMCID: PMC3709250, DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.72.4.698.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLess symptom improvementOpioid-dependent outpatientsOpioid dependenceSymptom improvementClinical trialsBetter outcomesPredictive validity analysesBehavioral therapyVoucher conditionSubtypesAffective disturbancesIntervention conditionMatching AnalysisPredictive validityCounselingValidity analysisNaltrexoneGroup counselingOutpatientsTherapyTrialsCost effectiveness of disulfiram Treating cocaine use in methadone-maintained patients
Jofre-Bonet M, Sindelar JL, Petrakis IL, Nich C, Frankforter T, Rounsaville BJ, Carroll KM. Cost effectiveness of disulfiram Treating cocaine use in methadone-maintained patients. Journal Of Substance Use And Addiction Treatment 2004, 26: 225-232. PMID: 15063917, PMCID: PMC3662046, DOI: 10.1016/s0740-5472(04)00004-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMethadone treatmentClinical trialsCocaine useDouble-blind clinical trialCocaine dependenceStandard methadone treatmentBlind clinical trialMethadone-maintained patientsRandomized clinical trialsOpioid-dependent subjectsMethadone-maintained opiate addictsStandard treatmentOutcome measuresOpioid addictsPromising treatmentOpiate addictsIncremental costDisulfiramAdditional treatmentNumber of daysTrialsTreatmentCost effectivenessEconomic evaluationAddicts
2002
‘Intention-to-treat’ meets ‘missing data’: implications of alternate strategies for analyzing clinical trials data
Nich C, Carroll KM. ‘Intention-to-treat’ meets ‘missing data’: implications of alternate strategies for analyzing clinical trials data. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 2002, 68: 121-130. PMID: 12234641, PMCID: PMC3651592, DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00111-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEffectiveness of treatmentTreat analysisClinical trialsRandomized clinical trialsClinical trial dataStudy treatmentProtocol violationsTreat strategyTreatment retentionPoint of dropoutTime-varying covariatesTrial dataCocaine dependenceIntended durationParticipant dropoutRelative efficacyTrialsTreatmentMultiple analytic strategiesRetention outcomesDurationFull durationStrategy 1Analytic strategiesSubstantial levelsContingency Management to Enhance Naltrexone Treatment of Opioid Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Reinforcement Magnitude
Carroll KM, Sinha R, Nich C, Babuscio T, Rounsaville BJ. Contingency Management to Enhance Naltrexone Treatment of Opioid Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Reinforcement Magnitude. Experimental And Clinical Psychopharmacology 2002, 10: 54-63. PMID: 11866252, DOI: 10.1037/1064-1297.10.1.54.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNaltrexone treatmentContingency managementOpioid-dependent individualsSignificant reductionReinforcement magnitudeOpioid useAvailable pharmacotherapiesNaltrexone maintenanceOpioid dependenceClinical trialsCM groupBehavioral therapyNaltrexoneTreatmentCM conditionRelative benefitsParticipantsPharmacotherapyTherapyTrialsWeeks
1999
‘Research’ versus ‘real-world’ patients: representativeness of participants in clinical trials of treatments for cocaine dependence
Carroll K, Nich C, McLellan A, McKay J, Rounsaville B. ‘Research’ versus ‘real-world’ patients: representativeness of participants in clinical trials of treatments for cocaine dependence. Drug And Alcohol Dependence 1999, 54: 171-177. PMID: 10217557, DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(98)00161-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClinical trialsCocaine dependenceClinical settingRegular clinical settingRigorous clinical trialsOutpatient clinical settingLarge national databaseRepresentativeness of participantsChallenging patientsResearch patientsClinical practiceMild formPatientsSubstance dependenceNational databaseTrialsRepresentativeness of subjectsLimited external validitySubjectsTreatmentExternal validityCocaine problemsIndividualsSettingDo Patients Change in the Ways We Intend? Assessing Acquisition of Coping Skills Among Cocaine-Dependent Patients
Carroll K, Nich C, Frankforter T, Bisighini R. Do Patients Change in the Ways We Intend? Assessing Acquisition of Coping Skills Among Cocaine-Dependent Patients. Psychological Assessment 1999, 11: 77-85. DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.11.1.77.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCocaine-dependent patientsGood interrater reliabilityHigh-risk situationsTreatment changesInitial psychometric analysisSubstance useHypothesized mechanismsSubstance usersInterrater reliabilityPatientsSignificant increaseCoping skillsRole-play assessmentTreatmentInternal consistencyPsychometric analysisTrials