2025
Protocol for the economic evaluation of group interpersonal therapy for postnatal depression compared with high-quality standard care in Kenya and Lebanon (SUMMIT trial)
Jaoude G, Madeghe B, Maradian S, Posbic P, Machoka J, Ndamaiyu G, Simes E, O’Donnell C, Wallace-Hanlon S, Evans R, Fearon P, Allison E, Pilling S, Verdeli L, Cheng B, Fouad F, Ngunu C, Chammay R, Kumar M, Fonagy P, Skordis J. Protocol for the economic evaluation of group interpersonal therapy for postnatal depression compared with high-quality standard care in Kenya and Lebanon (SUMMIT trial). NIHR Open Research 2025, 5: 17. DOI: 10.3310/nihropenres.13838.1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInterpersonal therapyIncremental cost-effectiveness ratioChildren's cognitive developmentCognitive developmentPostnatal depressionEconomic evaluationUniversity College London Research Ethics CommitteeStandard careEstimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratiosLong-term depressionTrial outcomesPoor developmental outcomesPrimary trial outcomeDepression outcomesSecondary trial outcomesMaternal depressionPeer-reviewed journal publicationsControlled superiority trialImprove children's cognitive developmentResearch Ethics CommitteeKenyatta National HospitalQuality of lifeCost-effectiveness ratioIntention-to-treat analysisTrial follow-upIntranasal oxytocin increases breast milk oxytocin, but has a reduced effect in depressed mothers: A randomized controlled trialcon
Lindley Baron-Cohen K, Fearon P, Feldman R, Hardiman P, Zagoory-Sharon O, Meins E, Fonagy P. Intranasal oxytocin increases breast milk oxytocin, but has a reduced effect in depressed mothers: A randomized controlled trialcon. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2025, 174: 107374. PMID: 39891981, DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.107374.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEdinburgh Postnatal Depression ScaleBreast milkPostnatal depressionSymptoms of postnatal depressionAdministration of exogenous OTOT concentrationsCut-off pointRandomized Controlled TrialsPostnatal Depression ScalePostnatal depressive symptomsDouble-blindNasal sprayMother-infant bondingPotential biological mechanismsMaternal postnatal depressionOT contentBreast milk samplesMental health vulnerabilitiesOT pathwaysExogenous OTOT administrationControl mothersBreastDepressed mothersOxytocin
2024
Maternal mind-mindedness and infant oxytocin are interrelated and negatively associated with postnatal depression.
Lindley Baron-Cohen K, Fearon P, Meins E, Feldman R, Hardiman P, Rosan C, Fonagy P. Maternal mind-mindedness and infant oxytocin are interrelated and negatively associated with postnatal depression. Development And Psychopathology 2024, 37: 2026-2037. PMID: 39363731, DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424001585.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMaternal mind-mindednessMind-mindednessMind-related commentsStudy 1Study 2Mothers' appropriate mind-related commentsLevels of mind-mindednessMothers' caregiving representationsPostnatal depressionSymptoms of depressionParent-child interactionsChildren's social developmentEffects of OTParent-child relationshipMaternal depression scoresChildren's early developmentSample of mothersCaregiving representationsChild OT levelsSalivary OTDepression scoresOT levelsMaternal-infant attachmentPlacebo-ControlledDepressionImplementing and evaluating group interpersonal therapy for postnatal depression in Lebanon and Kenya—individually randomised superiority trial
Fonagy P, Chammay R, Ngunu C, Kumar M, Verdeli L, Allison E, Anani G, Fearon P, Fouad F, Hoare Z, Koyio L, Moore H, Nyandigisi A, Pilling S, Sender H, Skordis J, Evans R, Jaoude G, Madeghe B, Maradian S, O’Donnell C, Simes E, Truscott A, Wambua G, Yator O. Implementing and evaluating group interpersonal therapy for postnatal depression in Lebanon and Kenya—individually randomised superiority trial. Trials 2024, 25: 217. PMID: 38532432, PMCID: PMC10964704, DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08039-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPostnatal depressionInterpersonal psychotherapyChild developmental outcomesMulti-site randomised controlled trialWomen's mental health needsStandard careEfficacy of interpersonal psychotherapyMaternal postnatal depressionMental health needsMental health concernsMiddle-income countriesRandomised controlled trialsDevelopmental outcomesHigh-income countriesAntenatal servicesChildbearing womenMother-child bondingRandomised superiority trialChildren's developmental progressHealth needsOffspring of womenMaternal depressionCommunity settingsLMIC contextsInterpersonal therapy
2023
Maternal prenatal depression is associated with dysregulation over the first five years of life moderated by child polygenic risk for comorbid psychiatric problems
Babineau V, Jolicoeur‐Martineau A, Szekely E, Green C, Sassi R, Gaudreau H, Levitan R, Lydon J, Steiner M, O'Donnell K, Kennedy J, Burack J, Wazana A. Maternal prenatal depression is associated with dysregulation over the first five years of life moderated by child polygenic risk for comorbid psychiatric problems. Developmental Psychobiology 2023, 65: e22395. PMID: 37338256, DOI: 10.1002/dev.22395.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMaternal prenatal depressionPolygenic risk scoresPrenatal depressionPsychiatric problemsChild psychiatric problemsComorbid psychiatric problemsChildhood psychiatric problemsMajor depressive disorderHigher dysregulationYears of lifeAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderWeeks' gestationPsychiatric comorbidityPrenatal cohortDepressive disorderPostnatal depressionRisk scorePrenatal stressDepression symptomsMaternal educationGreater riskHyperactivity disorderDysregulationPolygenic risk
2021
Intranasal oxytocin administration improves mood in new mothers with moderate low mood but not in mothers with elevated symptoms of postnatal depression: A randomised controlled trial
Lindley Baron-Cohen K, Feldman R, Fearon P, Fonagy P. Intranasal oxytocin administration improves mood in new mothers with moderate low mood but not in mothers with elevated symptoms of postnatal depression: A randomised controlled trial. Journal Of Affective Disorders 2021, 300: 358-365. PMID: 34843839, DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.062.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEdinburgh Postnatal Depression ScalePostnatal depressionOT administrationNew mothersLow moodPostnatal Depression ScaleCross-over designAntidepressant effectsMonths postpartumSevere scoresPND casesPND scoresSub-clinical levelsTreatment benefitDepression ScaleMood spectrumClinical diagnosisElevated symptomsAdministrationMood scoresMothersNegative moodWomenNeuropeptide hormoneDepressionMaternal caregiving moderates the impact of antenatal maternal cortisol on infant stress regulation
Nazzari S, Fearon P, Rice F, Molteni M, Frigerio A. Maternal caregiving moderates the impact of antenatal maternal cortisol on infant stress regulation. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry 2021, 63: 871-880. PMID: 34787327, DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13532.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInfant stress regulationInfant cortisol reactivityC-reactive proteinMaternal sensitive caregivingAntenatal stressMaternal cortisolCortisol responseInfant stress response systemsInfant cortisol regulationMaternal antenatal stressMaternal caregivingInfant cortisol responseCortisol reactivityGreater cortisol responseAntenatal exposureMaternal ageMaternal levelsInterleukin-6Late pregnancyMaternal stress signalsPostnatal depressionSensitive caregivingAnimal studiesStress regulationCortisol regulation
2019
A Longitudinal Investigation of Military Sexual Trauma and Perinatal Depression
Gross GM, Kroll-Desrosiers A, Mattocks K. A Longitudinal Investigation of Military Sexual Trauma and Perinatal Depression. Journal Of Women's Health 2019, 29: 38-45. PMID: 31560602, DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7628.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMilitary sexual traumaPerinatal mental healthPostnatal depressionSuicidal ideationPerinatal depressionPrenatal depressionWomen veteransEdinburgh Postnatal Depression ScalePostnatal Depression ScaleRisk of depressionVeterans Health AdministrationMental health careSexual traumaObstetrical carePostnatal symptomsDepression ScaleHigh riskPrenatal stressBivariate statistical testsHayes mediation modelHealth AdministrationImpact of MSTMental healthDepressionHealth care
2017
Amygdala volume and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to social stress
Barry T, Murray L, Fearon P, Moutsiana C, Johnstone T, Halligan S. Amygdala volume and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to social stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017, 85: 96-99. PMID: 28843903, PMCID: PMC5632999, DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.07.487.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAmygdala volumePostnatal depressionMaternal postnatal depressionTotal amygdala volumeCortisol reactivityAdrenal (HPA) axis reactivityLower cortisol reactivityAdrenal axisCortisol secretionControl offspringAxis reactivityYoung adultsAmygdalaEarly adversityStress reactivitySocial stressSocial stressorsPresent studyEmotional processingEmotional pathologyOffspringCentral rolePathologyHierarchical linear modellingBrain
2015
Postnatal Depression, Mother–Infant Interactions, and Child Development
Murray L, Fearon P, Cooper P. Postnatal Depression, Mother–Infant Interactions, and Child Development. 2015, 139-164. DOI: 10.1002/9781118509722.ch9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMother-child relationshipChild outcomesMaternal depressionSocio-emotional developmentPoor child outcomesMother-infant interactionPostnatal depressionAdverse child outcomesDevelopment of childrenPsychological functioningChildren's problemsChild developmentDepressed mothersDepressionRoutine clinical practiceEvidence-based measuresConsiderable bodyDifficultiesMaternal disordersParentingEffective treatmentClinical practiceNumber of areasFurther evidenceFunctioning
2014
Parenting difficulties and postnatal depression: implications for primary healthcare assessment and intervention.
Murray L, Cooper P, Fearon P. Parenting difficulties and postnatal depression: implications for primary healthcare assessment and intervention. Community Practitioner : The Journal Of The Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association 2014, 87: 34-8. PMID: 25612413.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChild outcomesPoor cognitive developmentCognitive developmentPostnatal depressionDomain-specific associationsExternalising behaviour problemsMother-child relationshipChild's developmental stageAdverse child outcomesHostile parentingNon-depressed mothersInsecure attachmentParental difficultiesEmotional vulnerabilityInfant signsInfant distressMaternal insensitivityBehavior problemsExternalising problemsSet of assessmentsParentingChildren of mothersImpairmentDepressionChildrenInsecure attachment during infancy predicts greater amygdala volumes in early adulthood
Moutsiana C, Johnstone T, Murray L, Fearon P, Cooper P, Pliatsikas C, Goodyer I, Halligan S. Insecure attachment during infancy predicts greater amygdala volumes in early adulthood. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry 2014, 56: 540-548. PMID: 25156392, PMCID: PMC4407912, DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12317.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAmygdala volumeGreater amygdala volumesMaternal postnatal depressionLarger amygdala volumesInfant attachment statusProspective longitudinal studyLongitudinal studyMonths of ageMaternal depression historyAmygdala morphologyMRI assessmentHippocampal volumePostnatal depressionAdult brainDepression historyNeural changesEarly environmentEarly caregiving environmentAttachment statusVolumetric differencesYoung adultsEarly adulthoodNeural areasCaregiving environmentCommon variation
2011
Maternal Postnatal Depression and the Development of Depression in Offspring Up to 16 Years of Age
Murray L, Arteche A, Fearon P, Halligan S, Goodyer I, Cooper P. Maternal Postnatal Depression and the Development of Depression in Offspring Up to 16 Years of Age. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2011, 50: 460-470. PMID: 21515195, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.02.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentChildChild of Impaired ParentsChild, PreschoolDepression, PostpartumDepressive Disorder, MajorDysthymic DisorderFamily ConflictFemaleHumansInfantInterview, PsychologicalLife Change EventsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMass ScreeningObject AttachmentProspective StudiesResilience, PsychologicalRisk FactorsSocial SupportConceptsYears of ageDepressed mothersPostnatal depressionClinical depressionAdolescent depressionFamily adversityMain study outcomeMaternal postnatal depressionDevelopment of depressionProspective longitudinal studyDevelopmental risk pathwayIndex mothersOffspring riskProbable casesNondepressed mothersStudy outcomesChild vulnerabilityInsecure infant attachmentDepressionMothersLongitudinal studyRisk pathwaysFamily assessmentDevelopmental riskRisk
2010
The effects of maternal postnatal depression and child sex on academic performance at age 16 years: a developmental approach
Murray L, Arteche A, Fearon P, Halligan S, Croudace T, Cooper P. The effects of maternal postnatal depression and child sex on academic performance at age 16 years: a developmental approach. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry 2010, 51: 1150-1159. PMID: 20840504, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02259.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCognitive functioningMother-child interactionStructural equation modellingPostnatal depressionChild sexChildren's cognitive functioningMaternal depressionPoor cognitive functioningEarly school yearsNon-depressed mothersCognitive developmentMaternal postnatal depressionPND mothersAcademic outcomesDevelopmental approachMaternal interactionAcademic performanceGCSE performanceEquation modellingControl childrenSchool yearFunctioningEarly interventionExam performanceAge 16 years
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