Publications on DEI by Our Faculty

Below are recent publications from Yale faculty on diversity, equity, and inclusion. In addition to the Department of Medicine, faculty in Psychiatry, Emergency Medicine, and Surgery are represented here.

The search terms used to generate this list were "cultural diversity," "diversity and inclusion," and "underrepresented in medicine." The emphasis is on DEI within medical academic institutions and other healthcare organizations but some research specific to DEI in the practice of medicine has also been included.

Please let us know if you have papers you'd like to recommend!

2007 to Present

2022

The Association of Microaggressions with Depressive Symptoms and Institutional Satisfaction Among a National Cohort of Medical Students.Anderson N, Lett E, Asabor EN, Hernandez AL, Nguemeni Tiako MJ, Johnson C, Montenegro RE, Rizzo TM, Latimore D, Nunez-Smith M, Boatright D. J Gen Intern Med. 2022 Feb; 2021 Apr 30. PMID: 33939079.
Transphobia, encoded: an examination of trans-specific terminology in SNOMED CT and ICD-10-CM.Ram A, Kronk CA, Eleazer JR, Goulet JL, Brandt CA, Wang KH. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2022 Jan 12. PMID: 34569604.

2021

Perspectives of Internal Medicine Residency Program Directors on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Diversity Standards.Martinez-Strengel A, Balasuriya L, Black A, Berg D, Genao I, Gross CP, Keene D, Latimore D, Sotto-Santiago S, Boatright D. J Gen Intern Med. 2021 Sep; 2021 Jun 18. PMID: 34145516.
Medical Schools as Racialized Organizations: A Primer.Nguemeni Tiako MJ, South EC, Ray V. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Aug; 2021 Jun 1. PMID: 34058105.
Ophthalmology Departments Remain Among the Least Diverse Clinical Departments at United States Medical Schools.Fairless EA, Nwanyanwu KH, Forster SH, Teng CC. Ophthalmology. 2021 Aug; 2021 Jan 10. PMID: 33440211.
Association Between Emergency Medicine Clerkship Diversity Scholarships and Residency Diversity.Duong DK, Samuels EA, Boatright D, Wilson T. AEM Educ Train. 2021 Jul; 2020 Dec 8. PMID: 34099994.
Gender Representation in Speaking Roles at the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons Annual Meeting: 2012-2019.Cohen-Rosenblum AR, Bernstein JA, Cipriano CA. J Arthroplasty. 2021 Jul; 2021 Jan 15. PMID: 33622531.
Medical Students' Demographic Characteristics and Their Perceptions of Faculty Role Modeling of Respect for Diversity.Weiss J, Balasuriya L, Cramer LD, Nunez-Smith M, Genao I, Gonzalez-Colaso R, Wong AH, Samuels EA, Latimore D, Boatright D, Sharifi M. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jun 1; 2021 Jun 1. PMID: 34086032.
Association of Socioeconomic Status With Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society Membership Among Medical Students.Nguyen M, Mason HRC, O'Connor PG, Nunez-Smith M, McDade WA, Latimore D, Boatright D. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jun 1; 2021 Jun 1. PMID: 34076702.
Diversity of Pain Medicine Trainees and Faculty in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Fellowship Training from 2009-2019.Odonkor CA, Leitner B, Taraben S, Adekoya P, Orhurhu V, Hirani S, Ike K, Lee R, Vanterpool S, Goree JH, Sully K, Poree L. Pain Med. 2021 Apr 20. PMID: 33502490.
Concrete steps to diversify the scientific workforce.Tilghman S, Alberts B, Colón-Ramos D, Dzirasa K, Kimble J, Varmus H. Science. 2021 Apr 9. PMID: 33833113.
Racial, gender, sexual, and disability identities of the Journal of the Medical Library Association's editorial board, reviewers, and authors.Akers KG, Pionke JJ, Aaronson EM, Chambers T, Cyrus JW, Eldermire ERB, Norton MJ. J Med Libr Assoc. 2021 Apr 1. PMID: 34285661.
A Roadmap for Diversity in Medicine During the Age of COVID-19 and George Floyd.Boatright D, Berg D, Genao I. J Gen Intern Med. 2021 Apr; 2021 Jan 19. PMID: 33469768.
Association Between Sexual Orientation, Mistreatment, and Burnout Among US Medical Students.Samuels EA, Boatright DH, Wong AH, Cramer LD, Desai MM, Solotke MT, Latimore D, Gross CP. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Feb 1; 2021 Feb 1. PMID: 33528552.
Racial Implicit Associations in Psychiatric Diagnosis, Treatment, and Compliance Expectations.Londono Tobon A, Flores JM, Taylor JH, Johnson I, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Aboiralor O, Avila-Quintero VJ, Bloch MH. Acad Psychiatry. 2021 Feb; 2021 Jan 12. PMID: 33438155.
Beyond Diversity and Inclusion: Reparative Justice in Medical Education.Williams JC, Anderson N, Boatright D. Acad Psychiatry. 2021 Feb; 2021 Jan 7. PMID: 33409943.

2020

Inclusion, Diversity, Access, and Equity (IDA&E) Roadmap: Infectious Diseases Society of America's Commitment to the Future.Desruisseaux MS, Tan TQ. J Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 14. PMID: 32926738.
Chair Versus Chairman: Does Orthopaedics Use the Gendered Term More Than Other Specialties?Peck CJ, Schmidt SJ, Latimore DA, O'Connor MI. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2020 Jul. PMID: 31567285.
Assessment of the Prevalence of Medical Student Mistreatment by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation.Hill KA, Samuels EA, Gross CP, Desai MM, Sitkin Zelin N, Latimore D, Huot SJ, Cramer LD, Wong AH, Boatright D. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 May 1. PMID: 32091540.
Seeking Inclusion Excellence: Understanding Racial Microaggressions as Experienced by Underrepresented Medical and Nursing Students.Ackerman-Barger K, Boatright D, Gonzalez-Colaso R, Orozco R, Latimore D. Acad Med. 2020 May. PMID: 31725462.
An MD Made in America.Genao I. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Jan 21. PMID: 31958837.

2019

Incorporating Sex and Gender into Culturally Competent Simulation in Medical Education.Beauchamp GA, McGregor AJ, Choo EK, Safdar B, Rayl Greenberg M. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2019 Dec; 2018 Dec 31. PMID: 30601088.
Twelve tips for incorporating and teaching sexual and gender minority health in medical school curricula.Solotke M, Sitkin NA, Schwartz ML, Encandela JA. Med Teach. 2019 Feb; 2017 Nov 27. PMID: 29179617.

2018

Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Academic Emergency Medicine: How Far Have We Come? Next Steps for the Future.Boatright D, Branzetti J, Duong D, Hicks M, Moll J, Perry M, Pierce A, Samuels E, Smith T, Angerhofer C, Heron S. AEM Educ Train. 2018 Dec; 2018 Dec 3. PMID: 30607377.
The MCAT's Restrictive Effect on the Minority Physician Pipeline: A Legal Perspective.Genao I, Gelman J. Ann Intern Med. 2018 Sep 18; 2018 Aug 28. PMID: 30167628.
Minority Resident Physicians' Views on the Role of Race/Ethnicity in Their Training Experiences in the Workplace.Osseo-Asare A, Balasuriya L, Huot SJ, Keene D, Berg D, Nunez-Smith M, Genao I, Latimore D, Boatright D. JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Sep 7; 2018 Sep 7. PMID: 30646179.
Ensuring Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Academic Surgery: An American Surgical Association White Paper.West MA, Hwang S, Maier RV, Ahuja N, Angelos P, Bass BL, Brasel KJ, Chen H, Davis KA, Eberlein TJ, Fong Y, Greenberg CC, Lillemoe KD, McCarthy MC, Michelassi F, Numann PJ, Parangi S, Reyes JD, Sanfey HA, Stain SC, Weigel RJ, Wren SM. Ann Surg. 2018 Sep. PMID: 30004923.
Gender Disparities in Medical Student Research Awards: A 13-Year Study From the Yale School of Medicine.King JT Jr, Angoff NR, Forrest JN Jr, Justice AC. Acad Med. 2018 Jun. PMID: 29140916.

2017

Current Status of Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities Among Academic Emergency Medicine Physicians.Madsen TE, Linden JA, Rounds K, Hsieh YH, Lopez BL, Boatright D, Garg N, Heron SL, Jameson A, Kass D, Lall MD, Melendez AM, Scheulen JJ, Sethuraman KN, Westafer LM, Safdar B. Acad Emerg Med. 2017 Oct; 2017 Sep 21. PMID: 28779488.
Differences in words used to describe racial and gender groups in Medical Student Performance Evaluations.Ross DA, Boatright D, Nunez-Smith M, Jordan A, Chekroud A, Moore EZ. PLoS One. 2017; 2017 Aug 9. PMID: 28792940.
Racial Disparities in Medical Student Membership in the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Society.Boatright D, Ross D, O'Connor P, Moore E, Nunez-Smith M. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 May 1. PMID: 28264091.

2016

Specialty Choice Among Sexual and Gender Minorities in Medicine: The Role of Specialty Prestige, Perceived Inclusion, and Medical School Climate.Sitkin NA, Pachankis JE. LGBT Health. 2016 Dec; 2016 Oct 11. PMID: 27726495.
The Impact of the 2008 Council of Emergency Residency Directors (CORD) Panel on Emergency Medicine Resident Diversity.Boatright D, Tunson J, Caruso E, Angerhofer C, Baker B, King R, Bakes K, Oberfoell S, Lowenstein S, Druck J. J Emerg Med. 2016 Nov; 2016 Aug 29. PMID: 27595369.
Increasing Resident Diversity in an Emergency Medicine Residency Program: A Pilot Intervention With Three Principal Strategies.Tunson J, Boatright D, Oberfoell S, Bakes K, Angerhofer C, Lowenstein S, Zane R, King R, Druck J. Acad Med. 2016 Jul. PMID: 26556294.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop Summary: Enhancing Opportunities for Training and Retention of a Diverse Biomedical Workforce.Duncan GA, Lockett A, Villegas LR, Almodovar S, Gomez JL, Flores SC, Wilkes DS, Tigno XT. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Apr. PMID: 27058184.

2015

Introducing sexual orientation and gender identity into the electronic health record: one academic health center's experience.Callahan EJ, Sitkin N, Ton H, Eidson-Ton WS, Weckstein J, Latimore D. Acad Med. 2015 Feb. PMID: 25162618.

2013

Supporting diversity in science through social networking.Guerrero-Medina G, Feliú-Mójer M, González-Espada W, Díaz-Muñoz G, López M, Díaz-Muñoz SL, Fortis-Santiago Y, Flores-Otero J, Craig D, Colón-Ramos DA. PLoS Biol. 2013 Dec; 2013 Dec 31. PMID: 24391467.
Race and surgical residency: results from a national survey of 4339 US general surgery residents.Wong RL, Sullivan MC, Yeo HL, Roman SA, Bell RH Jr, Sosa JA. Ann Surg. 2013 Apr. PMID: 23001076.
Seven essential strategies for promoting and sustaining systemic cultural competence.Delphin-Rittmon ME, Andres-Hyman R, Flanagan EH, Davidson L. Psychiatr Q. 2013 Mar. PMID: 22581030.

2012

Institutional variation in the promotion of racial/ethnic minority faculty at US medical schools.Nunez-Smith M, Ciarleglio MM, Sandoval-Schaefer T, Elumn J, Castillo-Page L, Peduzzi P, Bradley EH. Am J Public Health. 2012 May; 2012 Mar 15. PMID: 22420820.
"I'm too used to it": a longitudinal qualitative study of third year female medical students' experiences of gendered encounters in medical education.Babaria P, Abedin S, Berg D, Nunez-Smith M. Soc Sci Med. 2012 Apr; 2012 Feb 7. PMID: 22341202.
The career trajectories of health care professionals practicing with permanent disabilities.Neal-Boylan L, Hopkins A, Skeete R, Hartmann SB, Iezzoni LI, Nunez-Smith M. Acad Med. 2012 Feb. PMID: 22189880.

2009

Health care workplace discrimination and physician turnover.Nunez-Smith M, Pilgrim N, Wynia M, Desai MM, Bright C, Krumholz HM, Bradley EH. J Natl Med Assoc. 2009 Dec. PMID: 20070016.

2008

Healthcare workplace conversations on race and the perspectives of physicians of African descent.Nunez-Smith M, Curry LA, Berg D, Krumholz HM, Bradley EH. J Gen Intern Med. 2008 Sep; 2008 Jul 10. PMID: 18618190.

2007

Impact of race on the professional lives of physicians of African descent.Nunez-Smith M, Curry LA, Bigby J, Berg D, Krumholz HM, Bradley EH. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Jan 2. PMID: 17200221.