2025
OS-038-YI Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of acute kidney injury in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Moreta M, Juanola A, Allegretti A, Piano S, Belcher J, Yewale R, Jaques D, Robinson J, Ouyang T, Gambino C, Huelin P, Ariza X, Angeli P, Parikh C, Ramakrishna B, Ponte B, Ginès P. OS-038-YI Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of acute kidney injury in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Journal Of Hepatology 2025, 82: s32-s33. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(25)00353-8.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2024
Novel Biomarkers and Imaging Tests for Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis in Patients with Cancer
Mistry K, Sadarangani S, Moreno D, Mejia S, Moledina D, Sise M. Novel Biomarkers and Imaging Tests for Acute Kidney Injury Diagnosis in Patients with Cancer. Kidney360 2024, 6: 167-174. PMID: 39575585, PMCID: PMC11793192, DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000660.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsAcute kidney injuryEtiology of acute kidney injuryNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinImmune checkpoint inhibitorsAcute interstitial nephritisPatients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitorsDiagnosis of acute interstitial nephritisPersistent acute kidney injuryDiagnosis of acute kidney injuryAcute kidney injury diagnosisTumor necrosis factor-alphaKidney injury molecule 1Acute tubular injuryGroup of patientsPre-renal azotemiaNecrosis factor-alphaNon-invasive urineUrine protein quantificationUnmet clinical needNon-invasive diagnostic toolC-X-CCheckpoint inhibitorsUrinary obstructionCisplatin administrationBlood-based biomarkersPlasma NGAL, not IFN-γ, predicts early treatment response in drug-naïve Chinese Han schizophrenia patients
Sun X, Li M, Qiu Y, Su Q, Wang J, Bi F, Li J. Plasma NGAL, not IFN-γ, predicts early treatment response in drug-naïve Chinese Han schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia Research 2024, 274: 457-463. PMID: 39515255, DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.10.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDrug-naive schizophrenia patientsSchizophrenia patientsNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinNeutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrationsEarly treatment responseDuration of untreated illnessTreatment responseIFN-gHealthy controlsNGAL concentrationsEarly prediction of treatment efficacyPlasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin LevelsUntreated illnessPrediction of treatment efficacyPredicting early treatment responsePlasma NGAL concentrationsWeeks of treatmentIFN-g levelsPersonalized treatment strategiesLogistic regression analysisBaseline NGAL concentrationLongitudinal studySchizophreniaTreatment outcomesHepatorenal Syndrome Type 1: Diagnosis and Treatment
Belcher J. Hepatorenal Syndrome Type 1: Diagnosis and Treatment. Advances In Kidney Disease And Health 2024, 31: 100-110. PMID: 38649214, DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2023.05.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryHepatorenal syndromeKidney injuryFunctional acute kidney injuryUrinary biomarkers of kidney injuryAssociated with significant morbidityFractional excretion of sodiumNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinDiagnostic criteriaBiomarkers of kidney injuryMultiple urinary biomarkersOptimal dosing strategiesExcretion of sodiumPoint-of-care ultrasoundAccurate differential diagnosisAnalog of vasopressinSets of diagnostic criteriaAdvanced cirrhosisAlbumin administrationSignificant morbidityVolume resuscitationTherapeutic optionsDosing strategiesFractional excretionDifferential diagnosisBiomarkers vs Machines: The Race to Predict Acute Kidney Injury
Ghazi L, Farhat K, Hoenig M, Durant T, El-Khoury J. Biomarkers vs Machines: The Race to Predict Acute Kidney Injury. Clinical Chemistry 2024, 70: 805-819. PMID: 38299927, DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad217.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsAcute kidney injuryEarly diagnosisInsulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7Prediction of acute kidney injuryGrowth factor-binding protein 7Detect acute kidney injuryNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinAcute kidney injury detectionClinical practiceIrreversible kidney damageClinical outcome studiesImminent AKISerum creatinineKidney injuryInjury markersPediatric populationCystatin CTissue inhibitorHospitalized patientsClinical useKidney damageRegulatory approvalProtein 7BiomarkersOutcome studies
2023
Low Cardiac Output During Cardiac Surgery Is Associated with Renal Tubular Injury Measured by Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL)
Goeddel L, Waldron N, Rodriguez E, Buchanan J, Obeid W, Parikh C. Low Cardiac Output During Cardiac Surgery Is Associated with Renal Tubular Injury Measured by Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL). Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2023, 34: 756-756. DOI: 10.1681/asn.20233411s1756a.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinAssociated with renal tubular injuryUrinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinLow cardiac outputRenal tubular injuryCardiac surgeryTubular injuryCardiac outputKidney Damage in Long COVID: Studies in Experimental Mice
Ramamoorthy R, Hussain H, Ravelo N, Sriramajayam K, Di Gregorio D, Paulrasu K, Chen P, Young K, Masciarella A, Jayakumar A, Paidas M. Kidney Damage in Long COVID: Studies in Experimental Mice. Biology 2023, 12: 1070. PMID: 37626956, PMCID: PMC10452084, DOI: 10.3390/biology12081070.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinSARS-CoV-2 infectionAcute infectionTubular necrosisLong COVIDTGF-β1Severe acute tubular necrosisInitial SARS-CoV-2 infectionAcute tubular necrosisGelatinase-Associated LipocalinCoV-2 infectionProtein levelsInfiltration of macrophagesDevelopment of edemaMultiple organ systemsMMP-7 protein levelsCommon complicationKidney complicationsTLR-2IL-18Kidney damageKIM-1Renal fibrosisYKL-40NGAL mRNAJoint Modeling of Clinical and Biomarker Data in Acute Kidney Injury Defines Unique Subphenotypes with Differing Outcomes
Vasquez-Rios G, Oh W, Lee S, Bhatraju P, Mansour S, Moledina D, Gulamali F, Siew E, Garg A, Sarder P, Chinchilli V, Kaufman J, Hsu C, Liu K, Kimmel P, Go A, Wurfel M, Himmelfarb J, Parikh C, Coca S, Nadkarni G. Joint Modeling of Clinical and Biomarker Data in Acute Kidney Injury Defines Unique Subphenotypes with Differing Outcomes. Clinical Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2023, 18: 716-726. PMID: 36975209, PMCID: PMC10278836, DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000156.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSubphenotype 2Pro-brain natriuretic peptideNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinCox proportional hazards modelAKI stage 1AKI stage 2AKI stage 3Three-fold riskAcute kidney injuryTroponin T levelsGelatinase-Associated LipocalinBiomarkers of inflammationKidney injury moleculeLongitudinal clinical outcomesTumor necrosis factor receptor 1Proportional hazards modelNecrosis factor receptor 1Factor receptor 1AKI subphenotypesCardiorenal eventsSepsis-AKISubphenotype 1Cardiovascular eventsKidney injuryHazard ratioBiomarkers for acute kidney injury in children – where are we now?
Sandokji I, Greenberg J. Biomarkers for acute kidney injury in children – where are we now? Current Opinion In Pediatrics 2023, 35: 245-250. PMID: 36601976, DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001217.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute kidney injuryNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinUrine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinInsulin-like growth factor binding protein 7AKI biomarkersKidney injuryGrowth factor binding protein 7AKI risk stratificationUrine tissue inhibitorGelatinase-Associated LipocalinBest discriminative valueBinding protein 7Early time pointsTubular injuryRisk stratificationTissue inhibitorDiagnostic biomarkersClinical modelMetalloproteinases 2Discriminative valueBiomarkersInjuryTime pointsProtein 7Modest Improvement
2022
Deceased-Donor Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter Cohort
Reese PP, Doshi MD, Hall IE, Besharatian B, Bromberg JS, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Jia Y, Kamoun M, Mansour SG, Akalin E, Harhay MN, Mohan S, Muthukumar T, Schröppel B, Singh P, Weng FL, Parikh CR. Deceased-Donor Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Rejection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter Cohort. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2022, 81: 222-231.e1. PMID: 36191727, PMCID: PMC9868058, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.08.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDe novo donor-specific antibodiesBiopsy-proven acute rejectionAcute kidney injuryNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinDe novo DSAGraft failurePrimary outcomeAcute rejectionKidney recipientsKidney injurySecondary outcomesAcute Kidney Injury Network criteriaClinical acute kidney injuryNovo donor-specific antibodiesSignificant associationKidney injury molecule-1Recipient alloimmune responsesUrinary IL-18Donor-specific antibodiesFirst posttransplant yearKidney transplant recipientsInjury molecule-1Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinDeceased donor kidneysFine-Gray model
2021
Prognostic Significance of Urinary Biomarkers in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19
Menez S, Moledina DG, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Wilson FP, Obeid W, Simonov M, Yamamoto Y, Corona-Villalobos CP, Chang C, Garibaldi BT, Clarke W, Farhadian S, Dela Cruz C, Coca SG, Parikh CR, Investigators T, Ko A, Iwasaki A, Farhadian S, Nelson A, Casanovas-Massana A, White E, Schulz W, Coppi A, Young P, Nunez A, Shepard D, Matos I, Strong Y, Anastasio K, Brower K, Kuang M, Chiorazzi M, Bermejo S, Vijayakumar P, Geng B, Fournier J, Minasyan M, Muenker M, Moore A, Nadkarni G. Prognostic Significance of Urinary Biomarkers in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2021, 79: 257-267.e1. PMID: 34710516, PMCID: PMC8542781, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.09.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdverse kidney outcomesNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinUrinary biomarkersBiomarker levelsKidney outcomesPrimary outcomeClinical AKIKidney injuryComposite outcomeCOVID-19KDIGO stage 3 AKIKidney injury molecule-1Cox proportional hazards regressionEpidermal growth factor levelsStage 3 AKIPrimary composite outcomeInjury molecule-1Kidney disease progressionGelatinase-Associated LipocalinAdditional prognostic informationComposite outcome eventsProportional hazards regressionCOVID-19 patientsGrowth factor levelsCoronavirus disease 2019Urinary NGAL as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhosis: A Prospective Study
Allegretti AS, Parada XV, Endres P, Zhao S, Krinsky S, St. Hillien SA, Kalim S, Nigwekar SU, Flood JG, Nixon A, Simonetto DA, Juncos LA, Karakala N, Wadei HM, Regner KR, Belcher JM, Nadim MK, Garcia-Tsao G, Velez JCQ, Parikh SM, Chung RT. Urinary NGAL as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker for Acute Kidney Injury in Cirrhosis: A Prospective Study. Clinical And Translational Gastroenterology 2021, 12: e00359. PMID: 33979307, PMCID: PMC8116001, DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000359.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinUrinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinAcute kidney injuryAcute tubular necrosisPrerenal acute kidney injuryHepatorenal syndromeKidney injuryC-statisticManagement of AKITypes of AKIEnd-stage liver disease (MELD) scoreTransplant-free survivalLiver Disease scoreMedian serum creatinineGelatinase-Associated LipocalinPrediction of mortalityNet reclassification indexDiscrimination incrementProspective cohortSerum creatinineTubular necrosisProspective studyReclassification indexUnadjusted analysesPrognostic marker
2020
Improved cardiac and venous pressures during hospital stay in patients with acute heart failure: an echocardiography and biomarkers study
Akiyama E, Cinotti R, Čerlinskaitė K, Van Aelst LNL, Arrigo M, Placido R, Chouihed T, Girerd N, Zannad F, Rossignol P, Badoz M, Launay J, Gayat E, Cohen‐Solal A, Lam CSP, Testani J, Mullens W, Cotter G, Seronde M, Mebazaa A. Improved cardiac and venous pressures during hospital stay in patients with acute heart failure: an echocardiography and biomarkers study. ESC Heart Failure 2020, 7: 996-1006. PMID: 32277607, PMCID: PMC7261539, DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12645.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLeft ventricular ejection fractionTricuspid annular plane systolic excursionNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinVenous pressureAHF patientsHFrEF patientsCardiac chamber dimensionsEchocardiographic parametersDyspnea patientsHeart failureNatriuretic peptidePlasma volumeMid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptideAcute heart failure patientsDiastolic Heart Failure StudyAnnular plane systolic excursionPro-atrial natriuretic peptideB-type natriuretic peptideE-wave deceleration timeInferior vena cava diameterAcute heart failureDiastolic heart failureGelatinase-Associated LipocalinGlomerular filtration rateHeart failure patients
2018
Worsening Renal Function in Patients With Acute Heart Failure Undergoing Aggressive Diuresis Is Not Associated With Tubular Injury
Ahmad T, Jackson K, Rao VS, Tang WHW, Brisco-Bacik MA, Chen HH, Felker GM, Hernandez AF, O'Connor CM, Sabbisetti VS, Bonventre JV, Wilson FP, Coca SG, Testani JM. Worsening Renal Function in Patients With Acute Heart Failure Undergoing Aggressive Diuresis Is Not Associated With Tubular Injury. Circulation 2018, 137: 2016-2028. PMID: 29352071, PMCID: PMC6066176, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030112.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetylglucosaminidaseAcute DiseaseAcute Kidney InjuryAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersCreatinineCystatin CDiuresisFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHeart FailureHepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1HumansKidneyLipocalin-2MaleMiddle AgedSodium Potassium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsKidney injury molecule-1Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinInjury molecule-1Acute heart failureGelatinase-Associated LipocalinRenal tubular injuryTubular injury biomarkersAggressive diuresisROSE-AHF trialsTubular injuryInjury biomarkersRenal functionHeart failureMolecule-1D-glucosaminidaseHigh-dose loop diuretic therapyAcute heart failure treatmentKidney tubular injuryLoop diuretic therapyAcute kidney injuryGlomerular filtration rateHeart failure treatmentDiuretic therapyFurosemide equivalentsKidney injury
2017
Optimal cut points of plasma and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for the prediction of acute kidney injury among critically ill adults: retrospective determination and clinical validation of a prospective multicentre study
Tecson K, Erhardtsen E, Eriksen P, Gaber A, Germain M, Golestaneh L, de los Angeles Lavoria M, Moore L, McCullough P. Optimal cut points of plasma and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for the prediction of acute kidney injury among critically ill adults: retrospective determination and clinical validation of a prospective multicentre study. BMJ Open 2017, 7: e016028. PMID: 28698338, PMCID: PMC5726065, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016028.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUrine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinAcute kidney injurySevere acute kidney injuryIntensive care unitModerate to severe acute kidney injuryEthylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasmaHeparinized plasmaKidney injuryDiagnostic accuracyNeutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin valuesPrediction of acute kidney injuryMulticentre prospective observational studyProspective multicentre studyProspective observational studyPersistent stageCritically Ill AdultsOptimal cut-pointMulticentre studyLogistic regression modelsCare unitObservational studyIll adultsClinical validationUrine
2016
Urine Interleukin 18 and Lipocalin 2 Are Biomarkers of Acute Tubular Necrosis in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Puthumana J, Ariza X, Belcher JM, Graupera I, Ginès P, Parikh CR. Urine Interleukin 18 and Lipocalin 2 Are Biomarkers of Acute Tubular Necrosis in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2016, 15: 1003-1013.e3. PMID: 28013112, PMCID: PMC5474196, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.11.035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinAcute tubular necrosisUrine levelsUrine biomarkersSystematic reviewKidney impairmentKidney injuryTubular necrosisLipocalin-2Development of ATNAUC valuesEtiology of AKIUrine interleukin-18Acute kidney injuryGelatinase-Associated LipocalinShort-term mortalityLogistic mixed-effects modelsHepatorenal syndromeCause mortalityPrerenal azotemiaCommon complicationInterleukin-18Prospective studyPatient outcomesCommon causeUrine biomarkers of tubular injury do not improve on the clinical model predicting chronic kidney disease progression
Hsu CY, Xie D, Waikar SS, Bonventre JV, Zhang X, Sabbisetti V, Mifflin TE, Coresh J, Diamantidis CJ, He J, Lora CM, Miller ER, Nelson RG, Ojo AO, Rahman M, Schelling JR, Wilson FP, Kimmel PL, Feldman HI, Vasan RS, Liu KD, Investigators C, Appel L, Feldman H, Go A, He J, Kusek J, Lash J, Ojo A, Rahman M, Townsend R, Consortium C. Urine biomarkers of tubular injury do not improve on the clinical model predicting chronic kidney disease progression. Kidney International 2016, 91: 196-203. PMID: 28029431, PMCID: PMC5362331, DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetylglucosaminidaseAgedAlbuminuriaBiomarkersCreatinineDisease ProgressionFatty Acid-Binding ProteinsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlomerular Filtration RateHepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1HumansKidney Failure, ChronicKidney TubulesLipocalin-2MaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsConceptsGlomerular filtration rateUrinary albumin/creatinine ratioAlbumin/creatinine ratioKidney disease progressionTubular injury biomarkersCKD progressionInjury biomarkersFiltration rateClinical modelSerum creatinineCreatinine ratioDisease progressionProspective Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort StudyChronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) StudyIncident end-stage renal diseaseUnadjusted Cox proportional hazards modelUrinary kidney injury molecule-1Renal tubular injury biomarkersChronic kidney disease progressionKidney injury molecule-1End-stage renal diseaseNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinCox proportional hazards modelBase clinical modelInjury molecule-1Evidence for participation of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin/matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (NGAL•MMP‐9) complex in the inflammatory response to infection in pregnancies complicated by preterm birth
Rood KM, Buhimschi IA, Rodewald Millen K, Bahtiyar MO, Thung S, Summerfield T, Zhao G, Ackerman W, Shellhaas C, Samuels P, Buhimschi CS. Evidence for participation of neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin/matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (NGAL•MMP‐9) complex in the inflammatory response to infection in pregnancies complicated by preterm birth. American Journal Of Reproductive Immunology 2016, 76: 108-117. PMID: 27251223, PMCID: PMC4942349, DOI: 10.1111/aji.12523.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIntra-amniotic infection/inflammationNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinMatrix metalloproteinase-9Preterm birthNGAL mRNA expressionGelatinase-Associated LipocalinNormal pregnancy outcomeAmniotic fluid levelsInfection/inflammationPlacental villous trophoblastNGAL levelsPregnancy outcomesInflammatory conditionsInflammatory responseMetalloproteinase-9Villous trophoblastFluid levelsInnate immunityCollagenolytic effectMRNA expressionGelatinolytic activityPregnancyHost-microbe interactionsQRT-PCRAmniochorion
2015
Acute Kidney Injury in Liver Disease: Role of Biomarkers
Belcher JM. Acute Kidney Injury in Liver Disease: Role of Biomarkers. Advances In Kidney Disease And Health 2015, 22: 368-375. PMID: 26311598, DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2015.06.009.BooksConceptsAcute kidney injuryEtiology of AKINeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinAcute tubular necrosisGelatinase-Associated LipocalinHepatorenal syndromeKidney injuryPrerenal azotemiaTubular necrosisFractional excretionInterleukin-18Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinProgression of AKIKidney tubular injurySetting of cirrhosisOverall poor outcomeRole of biomarkersStandard diagnostic toolAdvanced cirrhosisAKI etiologyCommon complicationTubular injuryCommon etiologyLiver diseasePoor outcomeAssociation of Perioperative Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Levels with 3-Year Mortality after Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Moledina DG, Parikh CR, Garg AX, Thiessen-Philbrook H, Koyner JL, Patel UD, Devarajan P, Shlipak MG, Coca SG. Association of Perioperative Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Levels with 3-Year Mortality after Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. PLOS ONE 2015, 10: e0129619. PMID: 26053382, PMCID: PMC4460181, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129619.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute Kidney InjuryAcute-Phase ProteinsAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkersCardiac Surgical ProceduresCause of DeathCohort StudiesCreatinineFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansKidney Function TestsLipocalin-2LipocalinsMaleMiddle AgedMortalityPerioperative PeriodProspective StudiesProto-Oncogene ProteinsRisk FactorsTime FactorsConceptsPlasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalinProspective observational cohort studyLong-term mortalityObservational cohort studySerum creatinineCardiac surgeryCohort studyIndependent associationPlasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) levelsNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin LevelsShort-term adverse outcomesNeutrophil Gelatinase-Associated LipocalinAcute kidney injuryPre-operative variablesIntra-operative variablesGelatinase-Associated LipocalinGlomerular filtration ratePre-operative levelsPeri-operative changesPost-operative dayTRIBE-AKI cohortLipocalin levelsCause mortalityKidney injuryNGAL levels
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