2025
Design and Characterization of Inhibitors of Cell-Mediated Degradation of APOBEC3G That Decrease HIV-1 Infectivity
Sawyer A, Vaca C, Malik N, Clerc I, Craft J, Hudson H, Scholtés G, Schiltz G, Roh M, Song C, D’Aquila R. Design and Characterization of Inhibitors of Cell-Mediated Degradation of APOBEC3G That Decrease HIV-1 Infectivity. Viruses 2025, 17: 514. PMID: 40284957, PMCID: PMC12031279, DOI: 10.3390/v17040514.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusDecreased HIV-1 infectivitySpread of human immunodeficiency virusLevels of A3GHIV-producing cellsHIV-1 infectionA3GDecreased viral infectivityDegradation of A3GDegradation of APOBEC3GResistance-conferring mutationsInfectivity of virionsAnti-HIV therapeuticsViral infectivity factorImmunodeficiency virusCell-intrinsic defenseViral infectionAPOBEC3GCatalytic polypeptide-like 3Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3Infectivity factorInfectionA3G/FVifViral proteins
2024
A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Leronlimab in Mild-To-Moderate COVID-19
Seethamraju H, Yang O, Loftus R, Ogbuagu O, Sammartino D, Mansour A, Sacha J, Ojha S, Hansen S, Arman A, Lalezari J. A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Leronlimab in Mild-To-Moderate COVID-19. Clinical Therapeutics 2024, 46: 891-899. PMID: 39353749, DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2024.08.019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMild to moderate COVID-19National Early Warning Score 2SARS-CoV-2 infectionPost Hoc AnalysisSARS-CoV-2Randomized placebo-controlled trialHoc AnalysisHuman IgG4 monoclonal antibodyModerate-to-severe diseaseViral replicationHIV-1 infectionPlacebo-controlled studyProduction of pro-inflammatory cytokinesExcessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokinesMild-to-moderateAdverse event ratesExploratory post hoc analysisTotal symptom scorePathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infectionPro-inflammatory cytokinesHeightened immune responsePathophysiology of COVID-19IgG4 monoclonal antibodyPlacebo groupDouble-blindChanges in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection
Hu Z, Cinque P, Dravid A, Hagberg L, Yilmaz A, Zetterberg H, Fuchs D, Gostner J, Blennow K, Spudich S, Kincer L, Zhou S, Joseph S, Swanstrom R, Price R, Gisslén M. Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection. PLOS Pathogens 2024, 20: e1012470. PMID: 39316609, PMCID: PMC11469498, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012470.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 infectionHIV-associated dementiaCerebrospinal fluidCerebrospinal fluid proteinCerebrospinal fluid HIV-1 RNAImpact of HIV-1 infectionTreating chronic HIV-1 infectionChronic HIV-1 infectionHIV-1 RNAHIV-1 progressionTreat chronic infectionsInflammatory cell lineagesNeurofilament light chain proteinCSF escapeChronic infectionHIV-1Light chain proteinProtein changesClinical centersCNS injuryCSF proteinClinical informationCell lineagesInfectionCerebrospinal fluid proteomeHIV-1 usurps mixed-charge domain-dependent CPSF6 phase separation for higher-order capsid binding, nuclear entry and viral DNA integration
Jang S, Bedwell G, Singh S, Yu H, Arnarson B, Singh P, Radhakrishnan R, Douglas A, Ingram Z, Freniere C, Akkermans O, Sarafianos S, Ambrose Z, Xiong Y, Anekal P, Llopis P, KewalRamani V, Francis A, Engelman A. HIV-1 usurps mixed-charge domain-dependent CPSF6 phase separation for higher-order capsid binding, nuclear entry and viral DNA integration. Nucleic Acids Research 2024, 52: 11060-11082. PMID: 39258548, PMCID: PMC11472059, DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae769.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 infectionHIV-1Viral DNA integrationCPSF6 knockout cellsActivity in vitroHIV-1 pathogenesisHIV-1 integrationDNA integrityLiquid-liquid phase separationViral infectionNuclear specklesInfectionCapsids in vitroCPSF6NS depletionNuclear entryCapsid bindingCapsid-binding proteinKnockout cellsBinding proteinSR proteinsNuclear rimCo-aggregationDisordered regionsEfficacy and Safety of Long-Acting Subcutaneous Lenacapavir in Heavily Treatment-Experienced People with Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1: Week 104 Results of a Phase 2/3 Trial
Ogbuagu O, Molina J, Chetchotisakd P, Ramgopal M, Sanchez W, Brunetta J, Castelli F, Crofoot G, Hung C, Ronot-Bregigeon S, Margot N, Wang H, Dvory-Sobol H, Rhee M, Segal-Maurer S. Efficacy and Safety of Long-Acting Subcutaneous Lenacapavir in Heavily Treatment-Experienced People with Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1: Week 104 Results of a Phase 2/3 Trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2024, 80: 566-574. PMID: 39206943, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciae423.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMultidrug-resistant HIV-1Optimized background regimenHIV-1 RNA <CD4 cell countHIV-1Food & Drug AdministrationAdverse eventsTreatment of HIV-1 infectionRates of virologic suppressionCD4 cell count <Treatment-related adverse eventsMulti-drug resistant HIV-1Cell countTreatment-experienced peopleCell count <HIV-1 infectionHIV-1 RNAPhase 2/3 trialsImportant treatment optionInjection site reactionsResistant HIV-1US Food & Drug AdministrationBackground regimenVirologic suppressionStudy drugA New Chimeric Antibody against the HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitory Peptide MT-C34 with a High Affinity and Fc-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity
Kalinichenko S, Ramadan L, Kruglova N, Balagurov K, Lukashina M, Mazurov D, Shepelev M. A New Chimeric Antibody against the HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitory Peptide MT-C34 with a High Affinity and Fc-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity. Biology 2024, 13: 675. PMID: 39336102, PMCID: PMC11428423, DOI: 10.3390/biology13090675.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCellular cytotoxicityHIV-1Chimeric antibodyInhibitors of HIV-1 entryAntibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicityHIV-1 infectionHIV-1 entryRecombinant chimeric antibodyHumanized antibody trastuzumabMouse monoclonal antibodyCXCR4 locusCD4 lymphocytesCD4 cellsParental mouse monoclonal antibodyCAR cellsGeneration of antibodiesAntibody trastuzumabMonoclonal antibodiesAntibodiesMouse hybridomasConstant regionKnock-inCellsCytotoxicityPeptideAlternative substitutions of N332 in HIV-1AD8 gp120 differentially affect envelope glycoprotein function and viral sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the V3-glycan
Jeffy J, Parthasarathy D, Ahmed S, Cervera-Benet H, Xiong U, Harris M, Mazurov D, Pickthorn S, Herschhorn A. Alternative substitutions of N332 in HIV-1AD8 gp120 differentially affect envelope glycoprotein function and viral sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the V3-glycan. MBio 2024, 15: e02686-23. PMID: 38470051, PMCID: PMC11005340, DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02686-23.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 strainsHIV-1V3-glycanEnv antigensHIV-1 infection <i>inNeutralizing antibodiesHost CD4<sup>+</sup> T cellsCirculating HIV-1 strainsEnvelope glycoproteinCD4<sup>+</sup> T cellsHuman immunodeficiency virus type IHIV-1 envelope glycoproteinBlock HIV-1 infectionHIV-1 Env trimerHIV-1 isolatesHIV-1 infectionGp120 V3 loopTarget of neutralizing antibodiesHIV-1 entryCell surface expressionLevels of cell surface expressionSensitivity to antibodiesN332 glycanSoluble CD4Gp120 shedding
2023
HIV-1 Remission: Accelerating the Path to Permanent HIV-1 Silencing
Lyons D, Kumar P, Roan N, Defechereux P, Feschotte C, Lange U, Murthy N, Sameshima P, Verdin E, Ake J, Parsons M, Nath A, Gianella S, Smith D, Kallas E, Villa T, Strange R, Mwesigwa B, O’Brien R, Nixon D, Ndhlovu L, Valente S, Ott M. HIV-1 Remission: Accelerating the Path to Permanent HIV-1 Silencing. Viruses 2023, 15: 2171. PMID: 38005849, PMCID: PMC10674359, DOI: 10.3390/v15112171.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrevalence of HIV-1 infection and associated characteristics in a Brazilian indigenous population: a cross-sectional study
Schnaufer E, Barbosa M, Marques M, Brito G, Ferreira T, Ribeiro A, Valiente A, Machado I, Gonçalves C, Tanaka T, Guimarães M, Ribeiro S, Croda J, Simionatto S. Prevalence of HIV-1 infection and associated characteristics in a Brazilian indigenous population: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas 2023, 25: 100562. PMID: 37559945, PMCID: PMC10407292, DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100562.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDrug resistance mutationsHIV-1 infectionReverse transcriptase inhibitorCross-sectional studyViral loadHIV infectionTranscriptase inhibitorHIV-1HIV-1 drug resistance mutationsHIV-1 viral loadNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorHIV-1 subtype CT-lymphocyte countsVulnerable populationsWeeks of treatmentCopies/mLHigh viral loadHealth promotion strategiesTime of recruitmentOngoing molecular surveillanceAreas of preventionAntiretroviral therapyHIV seroprevalenceLymphocyte count
2022
HIV-1 Vpu restricts Fc-mediated effector functions in vivo
Prévost J, Anand S, Rajashekar J, Zhu L, Richard J, Goyette G, Medjahed H, Gendron-Lepage G, Chen H, Chen Y, Horwitz J, Grunst M, Zolla-Pazner S, Haynes B, Burton D, Flavell R, Kirchhoff F, Hahn B, Smith A, Pazgier M, Nussenzweig M, Kumar P, Finzi A. HIV-1 Vpu restricts Fc-mediated effector functions in vivo. Cell Reports 2022, 41: 111624. PMID: 36351384, PMCID: PMC9703018, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111624.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicityEffector functionsFc-mediated effector functionsHIV-1-infected cellsWild-type virusCorrelates of protectionRV144 vaccine trialHIV-1 infectionNon-neutralizing antibodiesFc effector functionsCell surface CD4Viral envelope glycoproteinsViral loadHumanized miceHumoral responseVaccine trialsCellular cytotoxicityHIV-1 VpuVpu expressionEnvelope glycoproteinInfected cellsNnAbsVirusVpuAdministrationMacrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Promotes Increased Proportions of the Highly Permissive Th17-like Cell Profile during HIV Infection
Trifone C, Baquero L, Czernikier A, Benencio P, Leng L, Laufer N, Quiroga MF, Bucala R, Ghiglione Y, Turk G. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Promotes Increased Proportions of the Highly Permissive Th17-like Cell Profile during HIV Infection. Viruses 2022, 14: 2218. PMID: 36298774, PMCID: PMC9611675, DOI: 10.3390/v14102218.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMacrophage migration inhibitory factorMIF stimulationMIF treatmentIL-17AHIV infectionMIF/CD74 axisFounder HIV-1Functionality of CD4Higher IL-17AHigher MIF concentrationsMIF plasma levelsHIV-1 infectionMigration inhibitory factorPossible therapeutic targetMIF concentrationsIntracellular cytokinesR5-tropicCytokine productionIL-1βIL-6IL-8Plasma levelsHealthy donorsViral persistenceT lymphocytesImmunological, Cognitive, and Psychiatric Outcomes After Initiating Efavirenz- and Dolutegravir-based Antiretroviral Therapy During Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Chan P, Yoon B, Colby D, Kroon E, Sacdalan C, Sriplienchan S, Pinyakorn S, Ananworanich J, Valcour V, Vasan S, Hsu D, Phanuphak N, Paul R, Spudich S. Immunological, Cognitive, and Psychiatric Outcomes After Initiating Efavirenz- and Dolutegravir-based Antiretroviral Therapy During Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2022, 76: e718-e726. PMID: 35687498, PMCID: PMC9907536, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac466.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute HIV-1 infectionT-cell countsDTG-based antiretroviral therapyAntiretroviral therapyDTG groupEFV groupWeek 96Week 24CD4/CD8 ratioNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1Immunodeficiency virus type 1Fiebig stages IPlasma viral suppressionAcute HIV infectionTreatment-naive individualsHIV-1 infectionPatient Health QuestionnaireReverse transcriptase inhibitorVirus type 1Greater incrementART regimensCD8 ratioViral suppressionHIV infectionEngineering T-Cell Resistance to HIV-1 Infection via Knock-In of Peptides from the Heptad Repeat 2 Domain of gp41
Maslennikova A, Kruglova N, Kalinichenko S, Komkov D, Shepelev M, Golubev D, Siniavin A, Vzorov A, Filatov A, Mazurov D. Engineering T-Cell Resistance to HIV-1 Infection via Knock-In of Peptides from the Heptad Repeat 2 Domain of gp41. MBio 2022, 13: e03589-21. PMID: 35073736, PMCID: PMC8787484, DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03589-21.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 infectionCD4 lymphocytesHIV-1Antiretroviral therapyLentiviral vectorsT cellsHeptad repeat 2Resistance to HIV-1 infectionTherapy of HIV infectionInhibitors of HIV-1 entryHIV-1 proviral DNATherapeutic lentiviral vectorInhibitors of HIV-1 fusionHIV-1 entryKnock-inCell surfaceT cell linesHIV-1 fusionProtection of lymphocytesKnock-in (KIGene modificationLatent provirusesHIV infectionViral clearanceFusion inhibitory peptides
2021
Long-term safety and efficacy of emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis: week 96 results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Ogbuagu O, Ruane PJ, Podzamczer D, Salazar LC, Henry K, Asmuth DM, Wohl D, Gilson R, Shao Y, Ebrahimi R, Cox S, Kintu A, Carter C, Das M, Baeten JM, Brainard DM, Whitlock G, Brunetta JM, Kronborg G, Spinner CD, team D, Antinori A, Apea V, Asmuth D, Avery A, Benson P, Bergin C, Berhe M, Brar I, Brinson C, Brunetta J, Burack J, Campbell T, Cespedes M, Clarke A, Coleman M, Coll J, Casal M, Creticos C, Crofoot G, Cruickshank F, Cua E, Daar E, de Wet J, DeJesus E, Del Romero Guerrero J, Dinges W, Doblecki-Lewis S, Donovan T, Dosekun O, Flamm J, Gallant J, Gerstoft J, Gilson R, Gladstein J, Grant R, Grossberg R, Haas B, Halperin J, Hardy W, Hare C, Hassler S, Hengel R, Henry W, Hodge T, Hosek S, Hurt C, Iandiorio M, Jessen H, Kegg S, Knecht G, Kronborg G, Krznaric I, LaMarca A, Larsen C, Larsen O, Lazzarin A, Leen C, Lucasti C, Mallon P, Mannheimer S, Markowitz M, Martorell C, Mayer K, Mills A, Molina J, Morris S, Mounzer K, Nwokolo N, Ogbuagu O, Osiyemi O, Petroll A, Philibert P, Phoenix J, Pialoux G, Podzamczer D, Post F, Prins M, Ramgopal M, Rashbaum B, Reeves I, Richmond G, Rieger A, Ruane P, Salazar L, Scarsella A, Schembri G, Scott M, Shalit P, Sinclair G, Sobieszczyk M, Spinner C, Stephens J, Szabo J, Taylor S, Thompson M, Tremblay C, Trottier B, Voskuhl G, Wade B, Wohl D, Workowski K, Yawetz S, Young B. Long-term safety and efficacy of emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis: week 96 results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet HIV 2021, 8: e397-e407. PMID: 34197772, DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00071-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTenofovir disoproxil fumaratePre-exposure prophylaxisTenofovir alafenamideDisoproxil fumarateBone mineral densityHIV infectionPlacebo tabletsMineral densityHIV preventionHIV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxisTransgender womenAdult cisgender menNon-inferior efficacyWeek 96 resultsPrimary efficacy outcomeCisgender menPhase 3 trialIncident HIV infectionHIV-1 infectionNon-inferiority trialLong-term safetyMore weight gainRenal safety biomarkersSelf-reported sexual behaviorStudy medicationLong‐acting and extended‐release implant and nanoformulations with a synergistic antiretroviral two‐drug combination controls HIV‐1 infection in a humanized mouse model
Beloor J, Kudalkar SN, Buzzelli G, Yang F, Mandl HK, Rajashekar JK, Spasov KA, Jorgensen WL, Saltzman WM, Anderson KS, Kumar P. Long‐acting and extended‐release implant and nanoformulations with a synergistic antiretroviral two‐drug combination controls HIV‐1 infection in a humanized mouse model. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine 2021, 7: e10237. PMID: 35079625, PMCID: PMC8780078, DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10237.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorHIV-1 infectionAntiretroviral therapyHIV-1-infected humanized miceTwo-drug combinationsHumanized mouse modelLong-term treatmentReverse transcriptase inhibitorMaintenance of CD4Nonnucleoside reverseHumanized miceAntiretroviral formulationsAdherence issuesARV combinationsTranscriptase inhibitorHIV pandemicT cellsMouse modelInjectable nanoformulationsTherapeutic indexNew drugsSustained levelsInfectionDrugsInterventionCompartmentalization of cerebrospinal fluid inflammation across the spectrum of untreated HIV-1 infection, central nervous system injury and viral suppression
Gisslen M, Keating SM, Spudich S, Arechiga V, Stephenson S, Zetterberg H, Di Germanio C, Blennow K, Fuchs D, Hagberg L, Norris PJ, Peterson J, Shacklett BL, Yiannoutsos CT, Price RW. Compartmentalization of cerebrospinal fluid inflammation across the spectrum of untreated HIV-1 infection, central nervous system injury and viral suppression. PLOS ONE 2021, 16: e0250987. PMID: 33983973, PMCID: PMC8118251, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250987.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveBiomarkersCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCentral Nervous SystemCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansInflammationLeukocyte CountMaleMiddle AgedNeurofilament ProteinsRNA, ViralSerum AlbuminSustained Virologic ResponseConceptsHIV-1 infectionHIV-associated dementiaPrimary HIV-1 infectionBlood CD4CSF inflammationViral suppressionInflammatory biomarkersCNS injuryViral controlT lymphocytesCSF white blood cell countUntreated primary HIV-1 infectionBlood HIV-1 RNACentral nervous system inflammationCerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkersCSF neurofilament light chainHIV-1 seronegative controlsHIV-1-infected subjectsHIV-1-uninfected controlsHIV-1 RNA concentrationsUntreated HIV-1 infectionWhite blood cell countBlood-brain barrier permeabilityCentral nervous system injuryCSF inflammatory responseClinical and laboratory impact of concomitant syphilis infection during acute HIV
Chan P, Colby D, Kroon E, Sacdalan C, Pinyakorn S, Paul R, Robb M, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Marra C, Spudich S. Clinical and laboratory impact of concomitant syphilis infection during acute HIV. HIV Medicine 2021, 22: 502-511. PMID: 33728759, DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13079.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute HIV-1T lymphocyte levelsVenereal Disease Research LaboratoryUntreated syphilisHistory of syphilisHIV-1Higher plasma HIV-1 RNACD4 T-lymphocyte levelsPlasma HIV-1 RNAHIV-1 RNA levelsCognitive performanceCD4 T lymphocytesHIV-1 infectionHIV-1 RNAImpaired cognitive performanceAcute HIVAHI participantsFiebig stagesIncident syphilisPrior syphilisSerum TreponemaSyphilis infectionChronic infectionDisease measuresSyphilis statusCognitive trajectories after treatment in acute HIV infection
Chan P, Kerr SJ, Kroon E, Colby D, Sacdalan C, Hellmuth J, Reiss P, Vasan S, Ananworanich J, Valcour V, Spudich S, Paul R. Cognitive trajectories after treatment in acute HIV infection. AIDS 2021, 35: 883-888. PMID: 33534200, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002831.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute HIV-1 infectionAntiretroviral therapyWeek 288Week 96Cognitive performanceAcute HIV infectionSuppressive antiretroviral therapyHIV-1 infectionTrajectory subgroupsWorse depressive symptomsWorse baseline cognitive performanceImpaired cognitive performanceFine motor speedAHI diagnosisViral suppressionHIV infectionWeek 12Baseline cognitive performanceLower baseline performanceHIV-1Depressive symptomsCognitive symptomsPosthoc analysisPsychomotor speedCognitive outcomes
2020
Minimal detection of cerebrospinal fluid escape after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in acute HIV-1 infection.
Handoko R, Chan P, Jagodzinski L, Pinyakorn S, Ubolyam S, Phanuphak N, Sacdalan C, Kroon E, Dumrongpisutikul N, Paul R, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Vasan S, Spudich S. Minimal detection of cerebrospinal fluid escape after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in acute HIV-1 infection. AIDS 2020, 35: 777-782. PMID: 33306551, PMCID: PMC7969409, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002786.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute HIV-1 infectionHIV-1 RNACentral nervous systemCSF escapeAntiretroviral therapyHIV-1 infectionWeek 96Week 24HIV-1CSF HIV-1 RNAInitiation of ARTLong-term neurological outcomePlasma HIV-1 RNAWeeks of ARTProspective cohort studyPersistence of HIVHIV-1 persistenceLevels of CSFYears of treatmentHIV-1 replicationNeurological outcomeCohort studyVoluntary counselingChronic infectionEarly treatmentThe single-cell landscape of immunological responses of CD4+ T cells in HIV versus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Collora JA, Liu R, Albrecht K, Ho YC. The single-cell landscape of immunological responses of CD4+ T cells in HIV versus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Current Opinion In HIV And AIDS 2020, 16: 36-47. PMID: 33165008, PMCID: PMC8162470, DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000655.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 infectionSARS-CoV-2 infectionCD4 T cellsT cellsLymphoid tissueHIV-1SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cellsAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectionHIV-1-specific CD4 T cellsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectionSevere SARS-CoV-2 infectionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2CD4 T-cell depletionSyndrome coronavirus 2 infectionAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2CD4 T-cell lossFollicular helper T cellsHIV-1-infected cellsRespiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Coronavirus 2 infectionCytokine release syndromeT cell lossT-cell depletionHIV-1 reservoirProtective antibody responses
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