2022
Comparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccines in health and social care workers in England: cohort study using OpenSAFELY
Hulme WJ, Williamson EJ, Green ACA, Bhaskaran K, McDonald HI, Rentsch CT, Schultze A, Tazare J, Curtis HJ, Walker AJ, Tomlinson LA, Palmer T, Horne EMF, MacKenna B, Morton CE, Mehrkar A, Morley J, Fisher L, Bacon SCJ, Evans D, Inglesby P, Hickman G, Davy S, Ward T, Croker R, Eggo RM, Wong AYS, Mathur R, Wing K, Forbes H, Grint DJ, Douglas IJ, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Bates C, Cockburn J, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Sterne JAC, Hernán MA, Goldacre B. Comparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccines in health and social care workers in England: cohort study using OpenSAFELY. The BMJ 2022, 378: e068946. PMID: 35858680, PMCID: PMC9295078, DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068946.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCovid-19 related hospital admissionCOVID-19 vaccineCOVID-19 diseaseRelated hospital admissionsCumulative incidenceHospital admissionSocial care workersCare workersCohort studyHealthcare workersPositive SARS-CoV-2 testBNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccineChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccineSARS-CoV-2 positive testSARS-CoV-2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 alpha variantSARS-CoV-2 testCOVID-19First vaccine doseComparative effectiveness trialFirst dose vaccinationBNT162b2 mRNAHospital attendanceVaccine doseVaccine typesDescribing the population experiencing COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough following second vaccination in England: a cohort study from OpenSAFELY
Green A, Curtis H, Hulme W, Williamson E, McDonald H, Bhaskaran K, Rentsch C, Schultze A, MacKenna B, Mahalingasivam V, Tomlinson L, Walker A, Fisher L, Massey J, Andrews C, Hopcroft L, Morton C, Croker R, Morley J, Mehrkar A, Bacon S, Evans D, Inglesby P, Hickman G, Ward T, Davy S, Mathur R, Tazare J, Eggo R, Wing K, Wong A, Forbes H, Bates C, Cockburn J, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Douglas I, Evans S, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Describing the population experiencing COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough following second vaccination in England: a cohort study from OpenSAFELY. BMC Medicine 2022, 20: 243. PMID: 35791013, PMCID: PMC9255436, DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02422-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPositive SARS-CoV-2 testSARS-CoV-2 testBreakthrough COVID-19Vaccine breakthroughBreakthrough casesCohort studyIncidence rateCOVID-19COVID-19-related hospital admissionsCOVID-19-related deathsVaccine breakthrough casesRetrospective cohort studyChronic kidney diseaseCritical care admissionSARS-CoV-2 variantsDeath registry dataCorresponding incidence ratesRoutine clinical dataHigh rateMedian followVaccine waningCare admissionHospital admissionSecond vaccinationSecondary careRisk of severe COVID-19 outcomes associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and immune-modifying therapies: a nationwide cohort study in the OpenSAFELY platform
MacKenna B, Kennedy NA, Mehrkar A, Rowan A, Galloway J, Matthewman J, Mansfield KE, Bechman K, Yates M, Brown J, Schultze A, Norton S, Walker AJ, Morton CE, Harrison D, Bhaskaran K, Rentsch CT, Williamson E, Croker R, Bacon S, Hickman G, Ward T, Davy S, Green A, Fisher L, Hulme W, Bates C, Curtis HJ, Tazare J, Eggo RM, Evans D, Inglesby P, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, Tomlinson LA, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Forbes H, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Douglas IJ, Smeeth L, Lees CW, Evans SJW, Goldacre B, Smith CH, Langan SM. Risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and immune-modifying therapies: a nationwide cohort study in the OpenSAFELY platform. The Lancet Rheumatology 2022, 4: e490-e506. PMID: 35698725, PMCID: PMC9179144, DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(22)00098-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchImmune-mediated inflammatory diseasesCOVID-19-related deathsSevere COVID-19 outcomesImmune-modifying therapiesCritical care admissionInflammatory diseasesCOVID-19 outcomesImmune-modifying drugsHospital admissionGeneral populationCare admissionHazard ratioStandard systemic therapyStandard systemic treatmentSevere COVID-19Primary care recordsPrimary care dataNon-white ethnic groupsCohort studySystemic therapySystemic treatmentCox regressionPrescription dataCare recordsWhite ethnic groupSafety of COVID-19 vaccination and acute neurological events: A self-controlled case series in England using the OpenSAFELY platform
Walker JL, Schultze A, Tazare J, Tamborska A, Singh B, Donegan K, Stowe J, Morton CE, Hulme WJ, Curtis HJ, Williamson EJ, Mehrkar A, Eggo RM, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Bacon S, Walker AJ, Davy S, Evans D, Inglesby P, Hickman G, MacKenna B, Tomlinson L, Ca Green A, Fisher L, Cockburn J, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Bates C, Evans SJ, Solomon T, Andrews NJ, Douglas IJ, Goldacre B, Smeeth L, McDonald HI. Safety of COVID-19 vaccination and acute neurological events: A self-controlled case series in England using the OpenSAFELY platform. Vaccine 2022, 40: 4479-4487. PMID: 35715350, PMCID: PMC9170533, DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGuillain-Barré syndromeAcute neurological eventsBell's palsyCOVID-19 vaccinationTransverse myelitisChAdOx1 vaccineOpenSAFELY platformFirst doseNeurological eventsRate of GBSSelf-controlled case series designIncidence rate ratiosPrimary care dataRare adverse eventsSelf-controlled case seriesConditional Poisson regressionCOVID-19 vaccineCase series designBNT162b2 vaccineesChAdOx1 vaccinationVaccine recipientsAdverse eventsHospital admissionCase seriesAbsolute riskAssociation between oral anticoagulants and COVID-19 related outcomes: a population-based cohort study
Wong AY, Tomlinson L, Brown JP, Elson W, Walker AJ, Schultze A, Morton CE, Evans D, Inglesby P, MacKenna B, Bhaskaran K, Rentsch CT, Powell E, Williamson E, Croker R, Bacon S, Hulme W, Bates C, Curtis HJ, Mehrkar A, Cockburn J, McDonald HI, Mathur R, Wing K, Forbes H, Eggo RM, Evans SJ, Smeeth L, Goldacre B, Douglas IJ, . Association between oral anticoagulants and COVID-19 related outcomes: a population-based cohort study. British Journal Of General Practice 2022, 72: bjgp.2021.0689. PMID: 35440465, PMCID: PMC9037187, DOI: 10.3399/bjgp.2021.0689.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 outcomesPopulation-based cohort studySevere COVID-19 outcomesSARS-CoV-2Oral anticoagulantsLower riskVASc scoreCohort studyHazard ratioAtrial fibrillationCOVID-19 related outcomesCOVID-19-related deathsPrescribed oral anticoagulantsPrimary care dataBaseline stroke riskOAC useCurrent useStroke riskHospital admissionThrombotic eventsCox regressionOAC usersReduced infection riskGeneral practiceDeath recordsOverall and cause-specific hospitalisation and death after COVID-19 hospitalisation in England: A cohort study using linked primary care, secondary care, and death registration data in the OpenSAFELY platform
Bhaskaran K, Rentsch CT, Hickman G, Hulme WJ, Schultze A, Curtis HJ, Wing K, Warren-Gash C, Tomlinson L, Bates CJ, Mathur R, MacKenna B, Mahalingasivam V, Wong A, Walker AJ, Morton CE, Grint D, Mehrkar A, Eggo RM, Inglesby P, Douglas IJ, McDonald HI, Cockburn J, Williamson EJ, Evans D, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Evans SJ, Bacon S, Smeeth L, Goldacre B. Overall and cause-specific hospitalisation and death after COVID-19 hospitalisation in England: A cohort study using linked primary care, secondary care, and death registration data in the OpenSAFELY platform. PLOS Medicine 2022, 19: e1003871. PMID: 35077449, PMCID: PMC8789178, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003871.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 patientsCOVID-19 hospitalisationGeneral population controlsCOVID-19 groupCOVID-19 survivorsHospital admissionHigh riskInfluenza hospitalisationsCause mortalityCohort studyInfluenza patientsPrimary careGeneral populationInitial infectionAcute coronavirus disease 2019Lower respiratory tract infectionsSevere COVID-19 outcomesLong-term adverse outcomesCOVID-19 hospital admissionsSpecific causesPopulation controlsCause-specific hospitalisationRespiratory tract infectionsCause-specific outcomesPotential risk factors
2021
Association between warfarin and COVID-19-related outcomes compared with direct oral anticoagulants: population-based cohort study
Wong A, Tomlinson L, Brown J, Elson W, Walker A, Schultze A, Morton C, Evans D, Inglesby P, MacKenna B, Bhaskaran K, Rentsch C, Powell E, Williamson E, Croker R, Bacon S, Hulme W, Bates C, Curtis H, Mehrkar A, Cockburn J, McDonald H, Mathur R, Wing K, Forbes H, Eggo R, Evans S, Smeeth L, Goldacre B, Douglas I. Association between warfarin and COVID-19-related outcomes compared with direct oral anticoagulants: population-based cohort study. Journal Of Hematology & Oncology 2021, 14: 172. PMID: 34666811, PMCID: PMC8525065, DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01185-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDirect oral anticoagulantsPopulation-based cohort studyCOVID-19-related outcomesSevere COVID-19Oral anticoagulantsCohort studyHazard ratioLower riskNegative control outcome analysisSevere COVID-19 diseaseNon-valvular atrial fibrillationPrimary care dataCOVID-19 outcomesCOVID-19COVID-19 diseaseNegative control outcomesDOAC usersOpenSAFELY platformWarfarin usersHospital admissionAtrial fibrillationClinical evidenceCox regressionResultsA totalOutcome analysisSeverity of Severe Acute Respiratory System Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha Variant (B.1.1.7) in England
Grint DJ, Wing K, Houlihan C, Gibbs HP, Evans SJW, Williamson E, McDonald HI, Bhaskaran K, Evans D, Walker AJ, Hickman G, Nightingale E, Schultze A, Rentsch CT, Bates C, Cockburn J, Curtis HJ, Morton CE, Bacon S, Davy S, Wong AYS, Mehrkar A, Tomlinson L, Douglas IJ, Mathur R, MacKenna B, Ingelsby P, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, DeVito NJ, Hulme W, Tazare J, Smeeth L, Goldacre B, Eggo RM. Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory System Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Alpha Variant (B.1.1.7) in England. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2021, 75: e1120-e1127. PMID: 34487522, PMCID: PMC8522415, DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab754.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 alpha variantHospital admissionAlpha variantWild-type virusCox proportional hazards regressionS gene target failureIntensive care unitProportional hazards regressionSARS-CoV-2Pathways of diseaseHigher hazardWild-type casesCause deathCause mortalityCare unitHazards regressionIndividual-level demographicsPrimary careCommunity testingInfection incidenceNHS EnglandDeath dataHigh transmissibilityAdmissionSeverityRisks of covid-19 hospital admission and death for people with learning disability: population based cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform
Williamson EJ, McDonald HI, Bhaskaran K, Walker AJ, Bacon S, Davy S, Schultze A, Tomlinson L, Bates C, Ramsay M, Curtis HJ, Forbes H, Wing K, Minassian C, Tazare J, Morton CE, Nightingale E, Mehrkar A, Evans D, Inglesby P, MacKenna B, Cockburn J, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Wong AYS, Eggo RM, Hulme W, Croker R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Douglas IJ, Evans SJW, Smeeth L, Goldacre B, Kuper H. Risks of covid-19 hospital admission and death for people with learning disability: population based cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform. The BMJ 2021, 374: n1592. PMID: 34261639, PMCID: PMC8278652, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n1592.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCovid-19 related hospital admissionRelated hospital admissionsNon-COVID deathsHospital admissionOpenSAFELY platformDown syndromeCohort studyHazard ratioCerebral palsyDisability registersGeneral practiceCOVID-19COVID-19 hospital admissionsMain exposure groupsCOVID-19 vaccinationHospital admission dataPatient-level dataLow event ratesNon-COVID causesCOVID-19 testingTargeted preventive measuresWave 2Wave 1Electronic health recordsProfound learning disabilitiesAssociation between living with children and outcomes from covid-19: OpenSAFELY cohort study of 12 million adults in England
Forbes H, Morton CE, Bacon S, McDonald HI, Minassian C, Brown JP, Rentsch CT, Mathur R, Schultze A, DeVito NJ, MacKenna B, Hulme WJ, Croker R, Walker AJ, Williamson EJ, Bates C, Mehrkar A, Curtis HJ, Evans D, Wing K, Inglesby P, Drysdale H, Wong AYS, Cockburn J, McManus R, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Douglas IJ, Smeeth L, Evans SJW, Bhaskaran K, Eggo RM, Goldacre B, Tomlinson LA. Association between living with children and outcomes from covid-19: OpenSAFELY cohort study of 12 million adults in England. The BMJ 2021, 372: n628. PMID: 33737413, PMCID: PMC7970340, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n628.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 infectionIntensive care admissionHospital admissionCare admissionCohort studyCOVID-19Covid-19 related hospital admissionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Wave 2Primary care dataRelated hospital admissionsSyndrome coronavirus 2Adults 65 yearsCohort of adultsCOVID-19 outcomesCoronavirus disease 2019COVID-19 mortalityRisk of infectionWave 1UK pandemicHazard ratioIntensive careAbsolute riskEarly initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in patients admitted to hospital in the United States: cohort study
Rentsch CT, Beckman JA, Tomlinson L, Gellad WF, Alcorn C, Kidwai-Khan F, Skanderson M, Brittain E, King JT, Ho YL, Eden S, Kundu S, Lann MF, Greevy RA, Ho PM, Heidenreich PA, Jacobson DA, Douglas IJ, Tate JP, Evans SJW, Atkins D, Justice AC, Freiberg MS. Early initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in patients admitted to hospital in the United States: cohort study. The BMJ 2021, 372: n311. PMID: 33574135, PMCID: PMC7876672, DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n311.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProphylactic anticoagulationDay mortalityEarly initiationTherapeutic anticoagulationCohort studyInpatient mortalityHospital admissionAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortalitySyndrome coronavirus 2 infectionCOVID-19History of anticoagulationSerious bleeding eventsCoronavirus 2 infectionHours of admissionObservational cohort studyRisk of deathCoronavirus disease 2019Real-world evidenceBleeding eventsSubcutaneous heparinHospital stayNationwide cohortCumulative incidence