Featured Publications
Comparative efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette's syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Farhat L, Behling E, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Levine J, Macul Ferreira de Barros P, Wang Z, Bloch M. Comparative efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of children, adolescents, and young adults with Tourette's syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 2022, 7: 112-126. PMID: 36528030, DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00316-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSecond-generation antipsychotic drugsMedication categoriesAntipsychotic drugsModerate certaintyIndividual medicationsTourette syndromePharmacological interventionsLow certaintyWHO International Clinical Trials Registry PlatformInternational Clinical Trials Registry PlatformSystematic reviewClinical Trials Registry PlatformChoice of medicationCochrane Central RegisterNetwork meta-analysis frameworkTrials Registry PlatformRandom-effects networkTerms of tolerabilityCertainty of evidenceClinical practice guidelinesComorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorderStandardised mean differenceTreatment of childrenAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderWeb of ScienceMeta-Analysis: Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Comorbid Tic Disorders
Bloch MH, Panza KE, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. Meta-Analysis: Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Comorbid Tic Disorders. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2009, 48: 884-893. PMID: 19625978, PMCID: PMC3943246, DOI: 10.1097/chi.0b013e3181b26e9f.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsAtomoxetine HydrochlorideAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildComorbidityContraindicationsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodHumansMethylphenidatePropylaminesPsychotropic DrugsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTic DisordersTourette SyndromeConceptsAlpha-2 agonistsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderTic symptomsComorbid ticsSupratherapeutic dosesTic disordersADHD symptomsTreatment of ADHDHyperactivity disorderPlacebo-controlled trialEfficacy of medicationsStandardized mean differenceEvidence-based treatmentsHalf of childrenComorbid tic disordersPrimary outcomeDifferent medicationsPsychostimulant medicationPubMed searchTic severityTourette syndromePackage insertsDrug AdministrationAtomoxetineSymptoms
2023
Protocol description for a randomized controlled trial of fMRI neurofeedback for tics in adolescents with Tourette Syndrome
Awasthi J, Harris-Starling C, Kalvin C, Pittman B, Park H, Bloch M, Fernandez T, Sukhodolsky D, Hampson M. Protocol description for a randomized controlled trial of fMRI neurofeedback for tics in adolescents with Tourette Syndrome. Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging 2023, 336: 111692. PMID: 37673711, PMCID: PMC10722977, DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111692.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesMeSH KeywordsAdolescentHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeurofeedbackRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTic DisordersTicsTourette SyndromeConceptsTourette syndromeFunctional magnetic resonance imagingStudy protocolChronic tic disorderSupplementary motor areaLower functional connectivityMagnetic resonance imagingResearch study protocolLarge trialsClinical trialsTic disordersMotor areaBrain areasControl groupResonance imagingBrain regionsNew trialsFunctional connectivityNeurofeedback interventionFMRI neurofeedbackNF protocolTrialsNF studiesSyndromeIntervention
2022
Mispatterning and interneuron deficit in Tourette Syndrome basal ganglia organoids
Brady M, Mariani J, Koca Y, Szekely A, King R, Bloch M, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman J, Vaccarino F. Mispatterning and interneuron deficit in Tourette Syndrome basal ganglia organoids. Molecular Psychiatry 2022, 27: 5007-5019. PMID: 36447010, PMCID: PMC9949887, DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01880-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeInterneuron deficitsGABAergic interneuronsHealthy controlsNeurodevelopmental underpinningsNeuropathological deficitsBG circuitryNeuropsychiatric disordersDecreased differentiationT patientsInterneuronsAltered expressionPotential mechanismsCilia disruptionSonic hedgehogOrganoidsStem cellsTS individualsPluripotent stem cellsGli transcription factorsDeficitsOrganoid differentiationEarly stagesCholinergicPatientsMeta‐Analysis: Efficacy and Tolerability of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Tic Disorders
Behling E, Farhat LC, Landeros‐Weisenberger A, Bloch MH. Meta‐Analysis: Efficacy and Tolerability of Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Type 2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Tic Disorders. Movement Disorders 2022, 37: 684-693. PMID: 35191552, DOI: 10.1002/mds.28957.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic tic disorderTourette syndromeVMAT2 inhibitorsTic disordersVesicular monoamine transporter type 2 inhibitorsYale Global Tic Severity ScaleMean differenceRate of discontinuationTic Severity ScaleType 2 inhibitorsShort-term treatmentTic symptomsBlinded RCTEffective therapySeverity ScaleSystematic reviewTolerabilityAvailable evidenceAdverse effectsInverse varianceEfficacyRCTsInhibitorsNonsignificant effectTrials
2021
A Phase-2 Pilot Study of a Therapeutic Combination of Δ9-Tetrahydracannabinol and Palmitoylethanolamide for Adults With Tourette’s Syndrome
Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Johnson JA, Leckman JF. A Phase-2 Pilot Study of a Therapeutic Combination of Δ9-Tetrahydracannabinol and Palmitoylethanolamide for Adults With Tourette’s Syndrome. Journal Of Neuropsychiatry 2021, 33: 328-336. PMID: 34340527, DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19080178.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeTic symptomsUncontrolled trialsYale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic ScoreDouble-blind placebo-controlled trialAvailable evidence-based treatmentsPhase 2 pilot studyExtension phasePlacebo-controlled trialRefractory Tourette syndromeTotal tic scoreEffective pharmacological treatmentCannabis-derived compoundsEvidence-based treatmentsTHC dosingSecondary outcomesPrimary outcomeComorbid conditionsPharmacological treatmentTic scoreYGTSS scoresTherapeutic combinationsSide effectsTrial designSyndrome
2019
Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback for Tics in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome
Sukhodolsky DG, Walsh C, Koller WN, Eilbott J, Rance M, Fulbright RK, Zhao Z, Bloch MH, King R, Leckman JF, Scheinost D, Pittman B, Hampson M. Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback for Tics in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 2019, 87: 1063-1070. PMID: 31668476, PMCID: PMC7015800, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentCross-Over StudiesHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeurofeedbackSeverity of Illness IndexTicsTourette SyndromeConceptsSupplementary motor areaYale Global Tic Severity ScaleFunctional magnetic resonanceTic Severity ScaleReal-time functional magnetic resonanceTourette syndromeSeverity ScaleYale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic ScoreTotal tic scorePrimary outcome measureSham control conditionReduction of ticsMagnetic resonanceSecondary outcomesSessions of neurofeedbackCrossover studyTic symptomsTic scoreOutcome measuresMotor areaSecondary measuresTic severityReal neurofeedbackEnd pointNeurofeedback interventionMeta-analysis: Adulthood prevalence of Tourette syndrome
Levine JLS, Szejko N, Bloch MH. Meta-analysis: Adulthood prevalence of Tourette syndrome. Progress In Neuro-Psychopharmacology And Biological Psychiatry 2019, 95: 109675. PMID: 31220521, DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109675.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrevalence of TSTourette syndromeRisk ratioCases of TSPrevalence estimatesLogit event rateAccurate prevalence estimatesTS prevalenceRemission criteriaTic symptomsFemale ratioPublic health decisionsOverall prevalencePsychiatric conditionsPublication biasCase identificationEvent ratesPrevalenceHealth decisionsLongitudinal studyAdultsSignificant differencesSyndromeTS casesTwo-thirdsThe impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obsessive‐compulsive disorder subjects
Blanco‐Vieira T, Santos M, Ferrão YA, Torres AR, Miguel EC, Bloch MH, Leckman JF, do Rosario MC. The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obsessive‐compulsive disorder subjects. Depression And Anxiety 2019, 36: 533-542. PMID: 30990937, DOI: 10.1002/da.22898.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderAdult OCD patientsObsessive-compulsive disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderOCD patientsClinical characteristicsExact testFeatures of ADHDHyperactivity disorderSubgroup of patientsAdult obsessive-compulsive disorderComorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorderSpecific clinical featuresCross-sectional studyObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) subjectsLogistic regression analysisFisher's exact testBrazilian Research ConsortiumMann-Whitney testAdult patientsRheumatic feverDevelopment of interventionsClinical featuresObsessive-compulsive spectrum disordersLifetime prevalenceThe Potential of Cannabinoid-Based Treatments in Tourette Syndrome
Artukoglu BB, Bloch MH. The Potential of Cannabinoid-Based Treatments in Tourette Syndrome. CNS Drugs 2019, 33: 417-430. PMID: 30977108, DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00627-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeCannabinoid systemAdult populationPositive urine drug screenBiological rationaleCannabinoid-based treatmentsPotential of cannabinoidsTourette syndrome populationsPlacebo-controlled trialTreatment of ticsUrine drug screensNovel pharmacological treatmentsCannabis-derived compoundsStrong biological rationaleCurrent evidence baseComprehensive literature searchDevelopmental adverse effectsRefractory patientsSafety profilePharmacological treatmentClinical trialsTic disordersUncertain efficacyFurther trialsSyndrome population
2018
Time course of clinical change following neurofeedback
Rance M, Walsh C, Sukhodolsky DG, Pittman B, Qiu M, Kichuk SA, Wasylink S, Koller WN, Bloch M, Gruner P, Scheinost D, Pittenger C, Hampson M. Time course of clinical change following neurofeedback. NeuroImage 2018, 181: 807-813. PMID: 29729393, PMCID: PMC6454268, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClinical changesSymptom changeTime courseBrain functionNeurofeedback studiesPotential clinical toolCrossover designControl interventionsReal neurofeedbackClinical toolTime pointsClinical populationsNeurofeedback effectsInterventionNeurofeedback sessionsNeurofeedbackCurrent brain stateWeeksBrain statesNew studiesCourseSessionsSymptoms
2016
Commentary: Are alpha‐2 agonist really effective in children with tics with comorbid ADHD? A commentary on Whittington et al. (2016)
Bloch MH. Commentary: Are alpha‐2 agonist really effective in children with tics with comorbid ADHD? A commentary on Whittington et al. (2016). Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry 2016, 57: 1005-1007. PMID: 27535650, DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12592.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildComorbidityHumansTic DisordersTicsTourette SyndromeConceptsAlpha-2 agonistsComorbid ADHDComprehensive Behavioral InterventionAdrenergic receptor agonistAgonist medicationsAntipsychotic medicationReceptor agonistPrimary treatmentTic disordersSystematic reviewMedicationsBehavioral interventionsAgonistsEffects of ADHDEfficacyTreatmentADHDChildrenPossible explanationPatientsN-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial
Bloch MH, Panza KE, Yaffa A, Alvarenga PG, Jakubovski E, Mulqueen JM, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial. Journal Of Child And Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2016, 26: 327-334. PMID: 27027204, PMCID: PMC6445198, DOI: 10.1089/cap.2015.0109.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBenefit of NACEfficacy of NACYale Global Tic Severity ScaleAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderTourette syndromeN-acetylcysteineObsessive-compulsive spectrum disordersSide effectsRecent placebo-controlled trialPediatric Tourette syndromePlacebo-controlled trialCurrent pharmacological treatmentsTreatment of ticsTotal tic scoreSeverity of ticsSubstantial side effectsTic Severity ScaleYears of ageMinimal side effectsPediatric TSPrimary outcomeSecondary outcomesGlutamatergic systemPharmacological treatment
2014
Cross-Disorder Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest a Complex Genetic Relationship Between Tourette’s Syndrome and OCD
Yu D, Mathews CA, Scharf JM, Neale BM, Davis LK, Gamazon ER, Derks EM, Evans P, Edlund CK, Crane J, Fagerness JA, Osiecki L, Gallagher P, Gerber G, Haddad S, Illmann C, McGrath LM, Mayerfeld C, Arepalli S, Barlassina C, Barr CL, Bellodi L, Benarroch F, Berrió GB, Bienvenu OJ, Black DW, Bloch MH, Brentani H, Bruun RD, Budman CL, Camarena B, Campbell DD, Cappi C, Silgado JC, Cavallini MC, Chavira DA, Chouinard S, Cook EH, Cookson MR, Coric V, Cullen B, Cusi D, Delorme R, Denys D, Dion Y, Eapen V, Egberts K, Falkai P, Fernandez T, Fournier E, Garrido H, Geller D, Gilbert DL, Girard SL, Grabe HJ, Grados MA, Greenberg BD, Gross-Tsur V, Grünblatt E, Hardy J, Heiman GA, Hemmings SM, Herrera LD, Hezel DM, Hoekstra PJ, Jankovic J, Kennedy JL, King RA, Konkashbaev AI, Kremeyer B, Kurlan R, Lanzagorta N, Leboyer M, Leckman JF, Lennertz L, Liu C, Lochner C, Lowe TL, Lupoli S, Macciardi F, Maier W, Manunta P, Marconi M, McCracken JT, Mesa Restrepo SC, Moessner R, Moorjani P, Morgan J, Muller H, Murphy DL, Naarden AL, Nurmi E, Ochoa WC, Ophoff RA, Pakstis AJ, Pato MT, Pato CN, Piacentini J, Pittenger C, Pollak Y, Rauch SL, Renner T, Reus VI, Richter MA, Riddle MA, Robertson MM, Romero R, Rosário MC, Rosenberg D, Ruhrmann S, Sabatti C, Salvi E, Sampaio AS, Samuels J, Sandor P, Service SK, Sheppard B, Singer HS, Smit JH, Stein DJ, Strengman E, Tischfield JA, Turiel M, Valencia Duarte AV, Vallada H, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Walitza S, Wang Y, Weale M, Weiss R, Wendland JR, Westenberg HG, Shugart YY, Hounie AG, Miguel EC, Nicolini H, Wagner M, Ruiz-Linares A, Cath DC, McMahon W, Posthuma D, Oostra BA, Nestadt G, Rouleau GA, Purcell S, Jenike MA, Heutink P, Hanna GL, Conti DV, Arnold PD, Freimer NB, Stewart SE, Knowles JA, Cox NJ, Pauls DL. Cross-Disorder Genome-Wide Analyses Suggest a Complex Genetic Relationship Between Tourette’s Syndrome and OCD. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2014, 172: 82-93. PMID: 25158072, PMCID: PMC4282594, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101306.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGenome-wide association studiesSingle nucleotide polymorphismsPolygenic score analysisGene expression levelsGenetic architecturePhenotypic varianceCombined genome-wide association studyFunctional variantsPolygenic componentPolygenic signalSignificant polygenic componentExpression levelsGWAS summary statisticsAncestry-matched controlsBrain gene expression levelsComplex genetic relationshipsHeritable neurodevelopmental disorderTrue functional variantsParent-child triosGWAS signalsIndividual single nucleotide polymorphismsWide analysisGenetic variationUnderlying genetic susceptibilityAssociation studiesCopy Number Variation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Disorder Study
McGrath LM, Yu D, Marshall C, Davis LK, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Li B, Cappi C, Gerber G, Wolf A, Schroeder FA, Osiecki L, O'Dushlaine C, Kirby A, Illmann C, Haddad S, Gallagher P, Fagerness JA, Barr CL, Bellodi L, Benarroch F, Bienvenu OJ, Black DW, Bloch MH, Bruun RD, Budman CL, Camarena B, Cath DC, Cavallini MC, Chouinard S, Coric V, Cullen B, Delorme R, Denys D, Derks EM, Dion Y, Rosário MC, Eapen V, Evans P, Falkai P, Fernandez TV, Garrido H, Geller D, Grabe HJ, Grados MA, Greenberg BD, Gross-Tsur V, Grünblatt E, Heiman GA, Hemmings SM, Herrera LD, Hounie AG, Jankovic J, Kennedy JL, King RA, Kurlan R, Lanzagorta N, Leboyer M, Leckman JF, Lennertz L, Lochner C, Lowe TL, Lyon GJ, Macciardi F, Maier W, McCracken JT, McMahon W, Murphy DL, Naarden AL, Neale BM, Nurmi E, Pakstis AJ, Pato MT, Pato CN, Piacentini J, Pittenger C, Pollak Y, Reus VI, Richter MA, Riddle M, Robertson MM, Rosenberg D, Rouleau GA, Ruhrmann S, Sampaio AS, Samuels J, Sandor P, Sheppard B, Singer HS, Smit JH, Stein DJ, Tischfield JA, Vallada H, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Walitza S, Wang Y, Wendland JR, Shugart YY, Miguel EC, Nicolini H, Oostra BA, Moessner R, Wagner M, Ruiz-Linares A, Heutink P, Nestadt G, Freimer N, Petryshen T, Posthuma D, Jenike MA, Cox NJ, Hanna GL, Brentani H, Scherer SW, Arnold PD, Stewart SE, Mathews CA, Knowles JA, Cook EH, Pauls DL, Wang K, Scharf JM. Copy Number Variation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette Syndrome: A Cross-Disorder Study. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2014, 53: 910-919. PMID: 25062598, PMCID: PMC4218748, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.04.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHistidine Decarboxylase Deficiency Causes Tourette Syndrome: Parallel Findings in Humans and Mice
Baldan LC, Williams KA, Gallezot JD, Pogorelov V, Rapanelli M, Crowley M, Anderson GM, Loring E, Gorczyca R, Billingslea E, Wasylink S, Panza KE, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Krusong K, Leventhal BL, Ohtsu H, Bloch MH, Hughes ZA, Krystal JH, Mayes L, de Araujo I, Ding YS, State MW, Pittenger C. Histidine Decarboxylase Deficiency Causes Tourette Syndrome: Parallel Findings in Humans and Mice. Neuron 2014, 81: 77-90. PMID: 24411733, PMCID: PMC3894588, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.052.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAmphetamineAnimalsBrainChildDopamine AgonistsDopamine AntagonistsExploratory BehaviorFemaleHistidine DecarboxylaseHumansMaleMaze LearningMiceMice, KnockoutMiddle AgedMutationOxazinesRacloprideRadionuclide ImagingStereotyped BehaviorTime FactorsTourette SyndromeTryptophanYoung AdultConceptsTourette syndromeHA infusionKnockout miceD2/D3 receptor bindingDecarboxylase deficiencyDopamine D2 antagonist haloperidolCortico-basal ganglia circuitsStriatal DA levelsHDC knockout miceD3 receptor bindingImmediate early gene FosD2 antagonist haloperidolRare genetic causeBiosynthesis of histamineStriatal DARare causeBasal gangliaDA levelsAntagonist haloperidolGanglia circuitsPrepulse inhibitionMiceReceptor bindingGenetic causeHistidine decarboxylase
2013
Partitioning the Heritability of Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Reveals Differences in Genetic Architecture
Davis LK, Yu D, Keenan CL, Gamazon ER, Konkashbaev AI, Derks EM, Neale BM, Yang J, Lee SH, Evans P, Barr CL, Bellodi L, Benarroch F, Berrio GB, Bienvenu OJ, Bloch MH, Blom RM, Bruun RD, Budman CL, Camarena B, Campbell D, Cappi C, Silgado J, Cath DC, Cavallini MC, Chavira DA, Chouinard S, Conti DV, Cook EH, Coric V, Cullen BA, Deforce D, Delorme R, Dion Y, Edlund CK, Egberts K, Falkai P, Fernandez TV, Gallagher PJ, Garrido H, Geller D, Girard SL, Grabe HJ, Grados MA, Greenberg BD, Gross-Tsur V, Haddad S, Heiman GA, Hemmings SM, Hounie AG, Illmann C, Jankovic J, Jenike MA, Kennedy JL, King RA, Kremeyer B, Kurlan R, Lanzagorta N, Leboyer M, Leckman JF, Lennertz L, Liu C, Lochner C, Lowe TL, Macciardi F, McCracken JT, McGrath LM, Restrepo S, Moessner R, Morgan J, Muller H, Murphy DL, Naarden AL, Ochoa WC, Ophoff RA, Osiecki L, Pakstis AJ, Pato MT, Pato CN, Piacentini J, Pittenger C, Pollak Y, Rauch SL, Renner TJ, Reus VI, Richter MA, Riddle MA, Robertson MM, Romero R, Rosàrio MC, Rosenberg D, Rouleau GA, Ruhrmann S, Ruiz-Linares A, Sampaio AS, Samuels J, Sandor P, Sheppard B, Singer HS, Smit JH, Stein DJ, Strengman E, Tischfield JA, Duarte A, Vallada H, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Walitza S, Wang Y, Wendland JR, Westenberg HG, Shugart YY, Miguel EC, McMahon W, Wagner M, Nicolini H, Posthuma D, Hanna GL, Heutink P, Denys D, Arnold PD, Oostra BA, Nestadt G, Freimer NB, Pauls DL, Wray NR, Stewart SE, Mathews CA, Knowles JA, Cox NJ, Scharf JM. Partitioning the Heritability of Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Reveals Differences in Genetic Architecture. PLOS Genetics 2013, 9: e1003864. PMID: 24204291, PMCID: PMC3812053, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003864.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGenome-wide complex trait analysisExpression quantitative trait lociGenetic architectureGenetic correlationsGenome-wide common variant dataQuantitative trait lociComplex trait analysisDistinct genetic architecturesGenomic architectureGenomic elementsFunctional annotationMinor allele frequencyTrait lociPrevious heritability estimatesMAF binsGWAS studiesGene expressionTrait analysisHeritabilityGenetic overlapVariant dataHeritability estimatesAllele frequenciesCommon variationSNPsBrain mechanisms for prepulse inhibition in adults with Tourette syndrome: Initial findings
Zebardast N, Crowley MJ, Bloch MH, Mayes LC, Wyk BV, Leckman JF, Pelphrey KA, Swain JE. Brain mechanisms for prepulse inhibition in adults with Tourette syndrome: Initial findings. Psychiatry Research 2013, 214: 33-41. PMID: 23916249, PMCID: PMC3932431, DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.05.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeFunctional magnetic resonance imagingHealthy subjectsTic severityWhole-brain functional magnetic resonance imagingYale Global Tic Severity ScaleTactile startle responseCase-control study designTic Severity ScaleCortical-striatal circuitsBrain activityMagnetic resonance imagingMultiple brain regionsLeft middle frontal gyrusMiddle frontal gyrusDegree of PPIPulse-alone stimuliBlock-design fMRI paradigmTic symptomsNeuropathological dataHealthy controlsPrepulse inhibitionDevelopmental neuropsychiatric disordersSensorimotor gatingLeft caudate
2012
Clinical assessment of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders
Cohen SC, Leckman JF, Bloch MH. Clinical assessment of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2012, 37: 997-1007. PMID: 23206664, PMCID: PMC3674220, DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderTreatment of TSImpaired sensorimotor gatingPercent of childrenImpulse control disordersDeficit hyperactivity disorderSomatic hypersensitivityTic symptomsPhonic ticsPurposeless movementsTic disordersClinical assessmentSensorimotor gatingControl disordersProper diagnosisMuscle groupsPremonitory urgesNeuropsychiatric disordersHyperactivity disorderDisordersAppropriate evaluationSyndromeSensory phenomena
2011
Recent advances in Tourette syndrome
Bloch M, State M, Pittenger C. Recent advances in Tourette syndrome. Current Opinion In Neurology 2011, 24: 119-125. PMID: 21386676, PMCID: PMC4065550, DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e328344648c.Peer-Reviewed Original Research