2024
TERT promoter mutations and additional molecular alterations in thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens: A multi-institutional study with histopathologic follow-up
Abi-Raad R, Shi Q, Chen F, Antony V, Hsiao W, Simsir A, Liu X, Brandler T, Cai G. TERT promoter mutations and additional molecular alterations in thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens: A multi-institutional study with histopathologic follow-up. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2024, aqae117. PMID: 39250709, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae117.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTERT promoter mutationsHistopathologic follow-upFine-needle aspirationTERT mutationsMolecular alterationsFollow-upPromoter mutationsThyroid carcinomaFine-needle aspiration diagnosisFine-needle aspiration specimensThyroid fine-needle aspiration specimensBenign thyroid neoplasmsSurgical follow-upAssociated with malignancyMulti-institutional studyThyroSeq v3Thyroid neoplasmsAspiration specimensTumor behaviorMalignant neoplasmsCarcinomaMalignancyNeoplasmsThyroidMutationsCytomorphological characteristics of low‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma in voided urine samples: Distinction from benign and high‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma
Takeda K, Adeniran A, Levi A, Tang H, Cai G. Cytomorphological characteristics of low‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma in voided urine samples: Distinction from benign and high‐grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. Cytopathology 2024, 35: 724-732. PMID: 38992916, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13413.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHigh-grade papillary urothelial carcinomaLow-grade papillary urothelial carcinomaPapillary urothelial carcinomaUrothelial carcinomaVoided urine samplesCytomorphologic featuresBenign casesUrine samplesUrine specimensNuclear enlargementVoided urine specimensHigh-grade transformationNuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/CIrregular nuclear membranesUrine cytologyRetrospective reviewHistopathological diagnosisCytomorphologic characteristicsCytomorphological distinctionFrequent recurrenceCytologic featuresCarcinomaBenign conditionsAccurate diagnosisHigh N/C ratioReevaluation of ovarian cyst fine-needle aspiration cytology: A 10-year institutional experience
Takeda K, Cai G, Adeniran A, Sun T. Reevaluation of ovarian cyst fine-needle aspiration cytology: A 10-year institutional experience. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 2024, aqae077. PMID: 38916141, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae077.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCystic fluid cytologyFine-needle aspirationFluid cytologyAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelinesSingle-institution cohortRate of malignancySurgical pathology diagnosisFNA casesGynecologists guidelinesCytological diagnosisFNA cytologyPathological diagnosisPatient demographicsInstitutional experienceSurgical pathologyOvarian cyst fluidClinical circumstancesAmerican CollegeCytologyRadiological informationMalignancyGold standardCyst fluidModerate sensitivityPotential safety concernsThe World Health Organization Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology–A Review of the First Edition
Dolezal D, Kholová I, Cai G. The World Health Organization Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology–A Review of the First Edition. Journal Of Clinical And Translational Pathology 2024, 4: 18-35. PMID: 38736711, PMCID: PMC11086742, DOI: 10.14218/jctp.2023.00068.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchClinical management recommendationsRisk of malignancyCytomorphologic criteriaLung cytopathologyImprove patient careAncillary testsEstimated risk of malignancyReporting SystemDiagnostic categoriesPatient carePotential diagnostic pitfallsGroup of lesionsPractice settingsManagement recommendationsPractice recommendationsDiagnostic pitfallsEstimated riskCytopathology specimensCytopathology practiceLungCytopathologyLesionsMalignancyCytopathologistsSpecimen typesImproving diagnostic yield of pancreatic serous cystadenoma with cyst fluid ancillary testing, adjunct immunohistochemistry, and additional fine‐needle biopsy sampling
Wang X, Zhang X, Hui P, Cai G. Improving diagnostic yield of pancreatic serous cystadenoma with cyst fluid ancillary testing, adjunct immunohistochemistry, and additional fine‐needle biopsy sampling. Cancer Cytopathology 2024, 132: 425-434. PMID: 38450993, DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22808.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDiagnosis of serous cystadenomaFine-needle biopsyFine-needle aspirationCyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigenPancreatic serous cystadenomaSerous cystadenomaAncillary testsCEA levelsCytological diagnosisFine-needle aspiration cell blocksFine-needle aspiration diagnosisFine-needle aspiration casesCyst fluid CEA levelsSerous cystadenoma casesFluid carcinoembryonic antigenLow CEA levelFine-needle biopsy samplingKRAS mutation analysisWild-type KRASConcurrent fine-needle aspirationImprove diagnostic yieldInhibin immunostainingAtypical cellsCytology casesDiagnostic yieldASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts.
Hu B, Wiesehöfer M, de Miguel F, Liu Z, Chan L, Choi J, Melnick M, Arnal Estape A, Walther Z, Zhao D, Lopez-Giraldez F, Wurtz A, Cai G, Fan R, Gettinger S, Xiao A, Yan Q, Homer R, Nguyen D, Politi K. ASCL1 Drives Tolerance to Osimertinib in EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer in Permissive Cellular Contexts. Cancer Research 2024, 84: 1303-1319. PMID: 38359163, PMCID: PMC11142404, DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0438.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTyrosine kinase inhibitorsPatient-derived xenograftsEGFR mutant lung cancerMutant lung cancerPre-treatment tumorsResidual diseaseDrug toleranceLung cancerResidual tumor cells in vivoEGFR mutant lung adenocarcinomaTyrosine kinase inhibitor osimertinibEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitorsTyrosine kinase inhibitor treatmentTumor cells in vivoMutant lung adenocarcinomaMaximal tumor regressionTranscription factor Ascl1Drug-tolerant cellsTime of maximal responseEvidence of cellsCells in vivoOsimertinib treatmentTumor regressionSingle cell transcriptional profilingTumor cells
2023
Respiratory Tract
Sardana R, Cai G. Respiratory Tract. 2023, 189-215. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_11.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRespiratory tractNeedle aspirationKey cytomorphologic featuresCommon inflammatory conditionSpectrum of diagnosesTransbronchial needle aspirationFine-needle aspirationFalse-negative diagnosesBronchoalveolar lavageClinical symptomsBronchial washPulmonary pathologyInflammatory conditionsRespiratory cytologyBrush smearsCytomorphologic featuresCytological evaluationCytologic specimensInfectious diseasesDiagnosisTractDiagnostic processAspirationInitial investigationLavageLiver and Biliary Tract
Wang X, Cai G. Liver and Biliary Tract. 2023, 247-266. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_14.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchBiliary tractPrimary sclerosis cholangitisExtrahepatic biliary tractRelevant clinical historyEchinococcal cystsLiver cystsAmebic abscessClinical historyNonneoplastic lesionsNonneoplastic disordersCytomorphologic featuresBenign lesionsSolid lesionsHepatocyte hyperplasiaMalignant counterpartsInfectious entitiesLesionsCystsLiverTractCholangitisCirrhosisAbscessStentingHyperplasiaPancreas
Wang X, Cai G. Pancreas. 2023, 229-245. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_13.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUrinary Tract Cytology
Cai G. Urinary Tract Cytology. 2023, 11-34. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44289-6_2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHOXC6 drives a therapeutically targetable pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis pathway by regulating MSK1 and PPP2R2B
Malvi P, Chava S, Cai G, Hu K, Zhu L, Edwards Y, Green M, Gupta R, Wajapeyee N. HOXC6 drives a therapeutically targetable pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis pathway by regulating MSK1 and PPP2R2B. Cell Reports Medicine 2023, 4: 101285. PMID: 37951219, PMCID: PMC10694669, DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101285.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaHomeobox C6PDAC growthInsulin-like growth factor 1 receptorGrowth factor 1 receptorKinase MSK1Factor 1 receptorTranscription factorsPancreatic cancer growthMSK1Tumor growthPDAC tumor growthMost pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomasMammalian targetIGF1R inhibitorsTherapeutic vulnerabilitiesRapamycin (mTOR) pathway activationMEK inhibitor trametinibMetastasis pathwaysPDAC mouse modelPDAC cellsMTOR inhibitionPharmacological inhibitionPathway activationInhibition blocksCytologic evaluation of upper urinary tract specimens: An institutional retrospective study using The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology second edition with histopathologic follow‐up
Khajir G, Sun T, Wang H, Sprenkle P, Adeniran A, Cai G, Levi A. Cytologic evaluation of upper urinary tract specimens: An institutional retrospective study using The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology second edition with histopathologic follow‐up. Cytopathology 2023, 35: 235-241. PMID: 37916579, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13328.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHigh-grade urothelial carcinomaLow-grade urothelial carcinomaUpper urinary tractUrothelial carcinomaUrinary tractCytologic evaluationCytology specimensInstitutional retrospective studyParis SystemHigh-grade malignancyAtypical urothelial cellsCytologic categoriesRetrospective studyInstitutional databaseCytological diagnosisUrinary cytopathologyHistopathologicMalignant cellsBenign casesUrothelial cellsTPS categoryCarcinomaReporting systemTractAUCAI-link omnipotent pathological robot: Bridging medical meta-universe to real-world diagnosis and therapy
Hu Z, Han F, Yu L, Jiang Y, Cai G. AI-link omnipotent pathological robot: Bridging medical meta-universe to real-world diagnosis and therapy. The Innovation 2023, 4: 100494. PMID: 37663933, PMCID: PMC10472283, DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100494.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchUtility of parathyroid hormone immunocytochemistry in fine needle aspiration diagnosis of parathyroid tissue
Sardana R, Abi‐Raad R, Adeniran A, Cai G. Utility of parathyroid hormone immunocytochemistry in fine needle aspiration diagnosis of parathyroid tissue. Cytopathology 2023, 34: 597-602. PMID: 37534757, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13283.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsParathyroid tissueFine-needle aspirationPTH casesClinicopathological characteristicsCytomorphological featuresThyroid lesionsThinPrep slidesFine needle aspiration diagnosisNeck soft tissuePatients' clinicopathological characteristicsNeedle aspiration diagnosisNegative predictive valueClinical suspicionStudy cohortPathology databaseRetrospective studyDiagnostic challengeDifferential diagnosisInstitutional experienceNeedle aspirationCytological diagnosisFNA casesAspiration diagnosisPredictive valueAdjunct testCytomorphologic, immunophenotypical and molecular features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma
Sun T, Gilani S, Jain D, Cai G. Cytomorphologic, immunophenotypical and molecular features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Diagnostic Cytopathology 2023, 51: 674-683. PMID: 37469257, DOI: 10.1002/dc.25196.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPancreatic acinar cell carcinomaPancreatic ductal carcinomaAcinar cell carcinomaCell carcinomaMixed acinar-ductal carcinomaMixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomaMolecular featuresComprehensive molecular profilingDifferent molecular alterationsDistinct molecular featuresImmunophenotypical featuresNeuroendocrine featuresDuctal carcinomaRare tumorCCDC6-RETCytohistological correlationKi-67Large cohortCytologic diagnosisBiomarker assessmentCytology featuresCytology specimensCarcinomaMolecular alterationsGermline mutationsDiagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland on cytology specimens: Role of NOR‐1 (NR4A3) immunohistochemistry
Meiklejohn K, Hrones M, Wang M, Prasad M, Cai G, Adeniran A, Gilani S. Diagnosis of acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland on cytology specimens: Role of NOR‐1 (NR4A3) immunohistochemistry. Cytopathology 2023, 34: 219-224. PMID: 36825365, DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13222.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGATA3 expression in primary lung carcinomas: correlation with histopathologic features and TTF-1, napsin A, and p40 expression
Wang M, Chen P, Cai G. GATA3 expression in primary lung carcinomas: correlation with histopathologic features and TTF-1, napsin A, and p40 expression. Human Pathology 2023, 135: 93-98. PMID: 36702357, DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.01.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLarge cell carcinomaPrimary lung carcinomaSarcomatoid carcinomaCell carcinomaNapsin ALung carcinomaGATA3 expressionTTF-1Non-small cell carcinomaNon-small cell lung carcinomaPrimary non-small cell lung carcinomasPrimary lung cancerSquamous cell carcinomaPanel of immunostainsCell lung carcinomaExpression of GATA3Whole-slide sectionsTMA casesAdenosquamous carcinomaTumor histologyHistopathologic featuresGATA3 stainingLung cancerP40 expressionTumor origin
2022
Atypical Carcinoid Tumor Versus Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Yoon E, Cai G. Atypical Carcinoid Tumor Versus Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 75-81. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_14.ChaptersLarge cell neuroendocrine carcinomaSmall cell carcinomaAtypical carcinoidNeuroendocrine carcinomaTypical carcinoidHigh-grade malignant neoplasmIntermediate-grade malignancyAtypical carcinoid tumorPulmonary neuroendocrine tumorsSmall biopsy specimensClinical characteristicsCarcinoid tumorsClinicopathologic differencesMalignant neoplasmsNeuroendocrine tumorsBiopsy specimensDifferential diagnosisSmall-Cell Carcinoma Versus Atypical Carcinoid Tumor
Yoon E, Zhang X, Cai G. Small-Cell Carcinoma Versus Atypical Carcinoid Tumor. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 83-88. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_15.ChaptersLarge-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Versus Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Baldassarri R, Baldassarri S, Cai G. Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Versus Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Lung. Practical Anatomic Pathology 2022, 71-74. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14402-8_13.Peer-Reviewed Original Research