Nonredundant Roles of IL-21 and IL-4 in the Phased Initiation of Germinal Center B Cells and Subsequent Self-Renewal Transitions.
Gonzalez DG, Cote CM, Patel JR, Smith CB, Zhang Y, Nickerson KM, Zhang T, Kerfoot SM, Haberman AM. Nonredundant Roles of IL-21 and IL-4 in the Phased Initiation of Germinal Center B Cells and Subsequent Self-Renewal Transitions. The Journal Of Immunology 2018, 201: 3569-3579. PMID: 30446568, PMCID: PMC6289626, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500497.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsApoptosisB-LymphocytesCell DifferentiationCell Self RenewalCells, CulturedGerminal CenterInterleukin-4InterleukinsLymphocyte ActivationMiceMice, KnockoutParacrine CommunicationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6Receptors, Interleukin-21Signal TransductionSTAT6 Transcription FactorT-Lymphocytes, Helper-InducerConceptsIL-21IL-4B cellsIL-21RCytokine IL-21Costimulatory molecule expressionB cell folliclesIL-21 signalingGC B cell developmentNonredundant roleGerminal center B cellsMurine model systemGC B cellsMolecule expressionPhenotypic maturationB cell developmentCell expressionCytokine signalsB cell transitionCombined absenceSubsequent maturationCell migrationCell developmentFlexible fate determination ensures robust differentiation in the hair follicle
Xin T, Gonzalez D, Rompolas P, Greco V. Flexible fate determination ensures robust differentiation in the hair follicle. Nature Cell Biology 2018, 20: 1361-1369. PMID: 30420661, PMCID: PMC6314017, DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0232-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSingle-cell levelStem cellsStem cell differentiationGerm stem cellsTissue architectureMultiple cell typesFate determinationDetermination mechanismTissue homeostasisSame stem cellsCommon progenitorDifferentiation outcomesDifferentiation stimuliDifferentiation lineageCell differentiationCell typesNormal differentiationWnt activationHair folliclesUnanticipated flexibilityDifferentiationRobust differentiationProgenitorsCellsUninjured condition