Featured Publications
Athletes Undergoing Concomitant Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetabular Osteotomy Demonstrate Greater Than 80% Return-to-Sport Rate at 2-Year Minimum Follow-Up
Jimenez AE, Lee MS, Owens JS, Maldonado DR, LaReau JM, Domb BG. Athletes Undergoing Concomitant Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetabular Osteotomy Demonstrate Greater Than 80% Return-to-Sport Rate at 2-Year Minimum Follow-Up. Arthroscopy The Journal Of Arthroscopic And Related Surgery 2022, 38: 2649-2658. PMID: 35257741, DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.02.017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNonarthritic Hip ScoreConcomitant hip arthroscopyPatient-reported outcomesHip arthroscopyPeriacetabular osteotomyHOS-SSSHip scoreSport ratesAcetabular dysplasiaHip Outcome Score-SportPercentage of patientsHarris hip scorePrimary hip arthroscopyRetrospective case seriesBody mass indexIntra-articular pathologyMean followMinimum followPostoperative scoresCase seriesConsecutive athletesMass indexRTS rateCam deformityLabral tearsAchieving Successful Outcomes in High-Level Athletes With Borderline Hip Dysplasia Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy With Capsular Plication and Labral Preservation: A Propensity-Matched Controlled Study
Jimenez AE, Monahan PF, Miecznikowski KB, Saks BR, Ankem HK, Sabetian PW, Lall AC, Domb BG. Achieving Successful Outcomes in High-Level Athletes With Borderline Hip Dysplasia Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy With Capsular Plication and Labral Preservation: A Propensity-Matched Controlled Study. The American Journal Of Sports Medicine 2021, 49: 2447-2456. PMID: 34156875, DOI: 10.1177/03635465211021001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPatient acceptable symptom statePatient-reported outcomesHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscaleNormal acetabular coveragePrimary hip arthroscopyHigh-level athletesBorderline dysplasiaHip arthroscopyControl groupAcetabular coverageHip scoreCapsular plicationRTS rateLabral pathologyFavorable patient-reported outcomesPropensity-matched control groupSpecific SubscaleNon-Arthritic Hip ScoreBorderline hip dysplasiaHigh RTS rateAcceptable symptom stateHarris hip scoreVisual analog scaleLevel of evidenceMCID rates
2024
Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis for the Treatment of Hip Acetabular Chondral Lesions Demonstrates Improved Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Mahatme R, Lee M, Fong S, George T, Pettinelli N, Kardestuncer K, Gillinov S, Park N, Surucu S, Jimenez A. Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis for the Treatment of Hip Acetabular Chondral Lesions Demonstrates Improved Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy The Journal Of Arthroscopic And Related Surgery 2024 PMID: 38735412, DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.04.028.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAutologous matrix-induced chondrogenesisModified Harris Hip ScoreFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeMatrix-induced chondrogenesisFollow-upHip arthroscopyAMIC groupChondral lesionsTreatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndromeRate of secondary surgerySystematic reviewShort-term follow-upPatient-reported outcome scoresOutcomes of patientsPostoperative follow-upResults of microfractureTreating chondral lesionsAcetabular chondral lesionsPatient-reported outcomesHarris hip scoreStatistically significant improvementPatient agePostoperative valuesPreoperative valuesRevision arthroscopy
2023
Poster 115: Patients who Underwent Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement with Acetabular Microfracture Show 77% Survivorship at 10-Year Follow-Up
Maldonado D, Lee M, Annin S, Owens J, Jimenez A, Sabetian P, Domb B. Poster 115: Patients who Underwent Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement with Acetabular Microfracture Show 77% Survivorship at 10-Year Follow-Up. Orthopaedic Journal Of Sports Medicine 2023, 11: 2325967123s00105. PMCID: PMC10392356, DOI: 10.1177/2325967123s00105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPatient-reported outcome scoresMinimal clinical important differencePrimary hip arthroscopyNonarthritic Hip ScoreVisual analog scaleFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeAcetabular microfractureHip arthroscopyHip scoreTreatment of FAISHip Outcome Score-SportAcetabular cartilage lesionsAverage patient ageHarris hip scoreTime of surgeryClinical important differenceAcetabular chondral lesionsTHA conversionPatient ageIntraoperative findingsAnalog scaleImpingement syndromeOutcome scoresFemoroacetabular impingementSecondary surgeryTen-Year Survivorship, Outcomes, and Sports Participation in Athletes After Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Domb B, Annin S, Monahan P, Lee M, Jimenez A, Maldonado D. Ten-Year Survivorship, Outcomes, and Sports Participation in Athletes After Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. The American Journal Of Sports Medicine 2023, 51: 2383-2395. PMID: 37366226, DOI: 10.1177/03635465231180305.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscalePatient-reported outcome measuresPatient acceptable symptom statePrimary hip arthroscopyTotal hip arthroplasty conversionMCID achievement ratesPropensity-matched comparisonNonarthritic Hip ScoreVisual analog scaleFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeHip arthroscopyLabral repairHip scoreFAI syndromeLabral debridementArthroplasty conversionAnalog scaleImpingement syndromeAchievement rateBaseline patient-reported outcome measuresMaximum outcome improvement satisfaction thresholdSports participationLabral repair groupAcceptable symptom stateHarris hip scoreBorderline Dysplasia After Primary Hip Arthroscopy with Capsular Plication and Labral Preservation
Domb B, Owens J, Glein R, Jimenez A, Maldonado D. Borderline Dysplasia After Primary Hip Arthroscopy with Capsular Plication and Labral Preservation. Journal Of Bone And Joint Surgery 2023, 105: 687-699. PMID: 37083686, DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.00340.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscalePatient-reported outcome measuresBorderline hip dysplasiaPrimary hip arthroscopyNonarthritic Hip ScoreBody mass indexVisual analog scaleHip arthroscopyLabral preservationCapsular plicationVAS painHip scoreCompensation statusMean patient body mass indexControl groupPrior ipsilateral hip surgeryPatient body mass indexIpsilateral hip surgeryMCID achievement ratesPropensity-matched comparisonMean patient ageWorkers' compensation statusHarris hip scoreLong-term followPrevious hip conditionsSurvivorship, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty After Revision Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in Obese Patients: Results at a Minimum 5-Year Follow-up
Maldonado D, Lee M, Kyin C, Jimenez A, Owens J, Perez-Padilla P, Domb B. Survivorship, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Conversion to Total Hip Arthroplasty After Revision Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in Obese Patients: Results at a Minimum 5-Year Follow-up. Orthopaedic Journal Of Sports Medicine 2023, 11: 23259671231154921. PMID: 37056451, PMCID: PMC10087662, DOI: 10.1177/23259671231154921.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRevision hip arthroscopic surgeryHip arthroscopic surgeryPatient-reported outcomesNonarthritic Hip ScoreVisual analog scaleObese patientsArthroscopic surgeryHip scoreClinical benefitRisk factorsHip arthroplastyHip Outcome Score-SportOlder ageMean patient ageHarris hip scoreBody mass indexLiterature reporting outcomesLigamentum teres tearsLevel of evidencePredictors of conversionTotal hip arthroplastyRegression analysisTime of revisionMore outcome measuresHOS-SSSPaper 08: Long Term Survivorship and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Capsular Repair and Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Domb B, Lee M, Jimenez A, Maldonado D, Lall A, Harris W. Paper 08: Long Term Survivorship and Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Capsular Repair and Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. Orthopaedic Journal Of Sports Medicine 2023, 11: 2325967123s00008. PMCID: PMC10071199, DOI: 10.1177/2325967123s00008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrimary hip arthroscopyPatient-reported outcomesNonarthritic Hip ScoreOutcomes of patientsCapsular repairHip arthroscopyHip scoreCapsular releaseClinical benefitHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscaleHigh rateIpsilateral hip surgeryTönnis osteoarthritis gradeAverage patient ageHarris hip scoreVisual analog scaleFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeLong-term survivorshipHOS-SSSPatient ageOsteoarthritis gradeAnalog scaleImpingement syndromeHip surgeryHip arthroplastyPaper 12: Elite Female Athletes Demonstrate Comparable Improvement in Midterm Patient Reported Outcome Scores and Rate of Return to Sport Compared to Elite Male Athletes After Hip Arthroscopy: A Sex-Based Comparison in Professional and Collegiate Athletes
Owens J, Jimenez A, Lee M, Maldonado D, Lall A, Domb B. Paper 12: Elite Female Athletes Demonstrate Comparable Improvement in Midterm Patient Reported Outcome Scores and Rate of Return to Sport Compared to Elite Male Athletes After Hip Arthroscopy: A Sex-Based Comparison in Professional and Collegiate Athletes. Orthopaedic Journal Of Sports Medicine 2023, 11: 2325967123s00012. PMCID: PMC10071174, DOI: 10.1177/2325967123s00012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscalePatient acceptable symptomatic statePrimary hip arthroscopyNonarthritic Hip ScoreElite male athletesVisual analog scaleFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeHip arthroscopyElite female athletesMale athletesFemale athletesHip scoreOutcome scoresControl groupLower preoperative PRO scoresPost-op scorePreoperative PRO scoresPropensity-matched groupsHarris hip scoreRate of patientsYear of surgeryPatient-reported outcomesSex-based comparisonsAthlete’s hipMidterm Patient
2022
Periacetabular Osteotomy in Athletes With Symptomatic Hip Dysplasia Allows for Participation in Low-, Moderate-, and High-Impact Sports, With Greater Than 70% Return to Sport for Competitive Athletes: A Systematic Review
Curley A, Padmanabhan S, Chishti Z, Parsa A, Jimenez A, Domb B. Periacetabular Osteotomy in Athletes With Symptomatic Hip Dysplasia Allows for Participation in Low-, Moderate-, and High-Impact Sports, With Greater Than 70% Return to Sport for Competitive Athletes: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy The Journal Of Arthroscopic And Related Surgery 2022, 39: 868-880. PMID: 36528217, DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.12.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSymptomatic hip dysplasiaPatient-reported outcomesHigh-impact sportsPeriacetabular osteotomyHip dysplasiaCompetitive athletesSystematic reviewHip Disability Osteoarthritis Outcome ScoresPostoperative lateral center-edge angleLevel IIIPostoperative patient-reported outcomesLateral center-edge angleTiming of RTSOsteoarthritis Outcome ScoreHarris hip scoreActive patient populationEfficacious treatment optionLevel IV studiesCochrane Library databasesAverage MINORS scoreCenter-edge angleRate of RTSMeta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelinesPreferred Reporting ItemsOperative hipPatients Who Underwent Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement with Acetabular Microfracture Show 77% Survivorship at 10-Year Follow-Up
Domb B, Lee M, Annin S, Owens J, Jimenez A, Sabetian P, Maldonado D. Patients Who Underwent Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement with Acetabular Microfracture Show 77% Survivorship at 10-Year Follow-Up. Arthroscopy The Journal Of Arthroscopic And Related Surgery 2022, 39: 1185-1194. PMID: 36628692, DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.11.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPatient-reported outcome scoresMinimal clinical important differencePrimary hip arthroscopyNonarthritic Hip ScoreVisual analog scaleFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeAcetabular microfractureHip arthroscopyHip scoreTreatment of FAISHip Outcome Score-SportAcetabular cartilage lesionsAverage patient ageHarris hip scoreTime of surgeryClinical important differenceCase series studyAcetabular chondral lesionsTHA conversionPatient ageIntraoperative findingsAnalog scaleImpingement syndromeOutcome scoresFemoroacetabular impingementShort Symptom Duration Is Associated With Superior Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review
Kim D, Lee M, Mahatme R, Gillinov S, Islam W, Fong S, Lee A, Abu S, Pettinelli N, Medvecky M, Jimenez A. Short Symptom Duration Is Associated With Superior Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy The Journal Of Arthroscopic And Related Surgery 2022, 39: 498-509. PMID: 36395964, DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.11.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHip arthroplasty ratesPrimary hip arthroscopyFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeSecondary surgery rateHip arthroscopySystematic reviewSurgery ratesImpingement syndromeFemoroacetabular impingementDuration groupArthroplasty ratesSuperior outcomesHip Outcome Score-ActivitiesHip Outcome Score-SportPatient-reported outcome scoresPreoperative hip painHarris hip scoreShorter symptom durationOnset of symptomsLevel IV studiesVisual analog scaleMeta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelinesPreferred Reporting ItemsPreoperative durationHip painAthletes Report Favorable Outcomes at 5-Year Minimum Follow-Up After Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review
Lee M, Owens J, Fong S, Mahatme R, Kim D, Moran J, Gillinov S, Islam W, Lee A, Pettinelli N, Medvecky M, Jimenez A. Athletes Report Favorable Outcomes at 5-Year Minimum Follow-Up After Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy The Journal Of Arthroscopic And Related Surgery 2022, 39: 510-528. PMID: 36395963, DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.11.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary hip arthroscopyPostoperative scoresHip arthroscopySystematic reviewHip scoreClinical benefitFavorable outcomeHip arthroplastyHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific ScalePatient-reported outcome scoresHarris hip scoreNonarthritic Hip ScorePsychometric thresholdsPreferred Reporting ItemsNumber of hipSignificant improvementHigh rateCochrane TrialsSecondary arthroscopyMinimum followSurgical treatmentOutcome scoresFemoroacetabular impingementSecondary surgeryLevel IVIt’s not arthritis! Resolution of the illusion of joint space narrowing with acetabuloplasty and labral reconstruction for the calcified labrum
Owens J, Saks B, Miecznikowski K, Maldonado D, Jimenez A, Lall A, Domb B. It’s not arthritis! Resolution of the illusion of joint space narrowing with acetabuloplasty and labral reconstruction for the calcified labrum. Journal Of Hip Preservation Surgery 2022, 9: 232-239. PMID: 36908559, PMCID: PMC9993452, DOI: 10.1093/jhps/hnac044.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPatient-reported outcome measuresFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeJoint space widthPrimary labral reconstructionLateral joint spaceLabral reconstructionLabral calcificationHip scorePostoperative patient-reported outcome measuresPelvis radiographsInternational Hip Outcome Tool-12Lateral joint space widthAnterior center-edge angleHarris hip scorePrimary hip arthroscopyNonarthritic Hip ScoreVisual analog scaleJoint spaceCenter-edge angleAP pelvis radiographsAnteroposterior pelvis radiographsSignificant increaseArthroscopic acetabuloplastyAnalog scaleImpingement syndromeElite Female Athletes Demonstrate a Comparable Improvement in Midterm Patient-Reported Outcome Scores and Rate of Return to Sport Compared With Elite Male Athletes After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: A Sex-Based Comparison in Professional and Collegiate Athletes
Owens JS, Lee MS, Jimenez AE, Maldonado DR, Lall AC, Domb BG. Elite Female Athletes Demonstrate a Comparable Improvement in Midterm Patient-Reported Outcome Scores and Rate of Return to Sport Compared With Elite Male Athletes After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery: A Sex-Based Comparison in Professional and Collegiate Athletes. The American Journal Of Sports Medicine 2022, 50: 3600-3609. PMID: 36197056, DOI: 10.1177/03635465221123060.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMaximum outcome improvement satisfaction thresholdPrimary hip arthroscopic surgeryPatient acceptable symptom stateHip arthroscopic surgeryFemoroacetabular impingement syndromePRO scoresArthroscopic surgeryElite female athletesElite male athletesMale athletesFemale athletesHip scoreOutcome scoresInclusion criteriaHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscaleControl groupLower preoperative PRO scoresPropensity-matched control groupPatient-reported outcome scoresPostoperative PRO scoresPreoperative PRO scoresAcceptable symptom stateHarris hip scoreNonarthritic Hip ScoreVisual analog scaleHigh-Level Athletes With Borderline Hip Dysplasia Achieve Favorable Outcomes and Return to Sport Rates Following Primary Hip Arthroscopy: Minimum 5-Year Outcomes Comparison to a Propensity-Matched Control Group
Owens JS, Jimenez AE, Lee MS, Monahan PF, Maldonado DR, Domb BG. High-Level Athletes With Borderline Hip Dysplasia Achieve Favorable Outcomes and Return to Sport Rates Following Primary Hip Arthroscopy: Minimum 5-Year Outcomes Comparison to a Propensity-Matched Control Group. Arthroscopy The Journal Of Arthroscopic And Related Surgery 2022, 39: 271-282. PMID: 36055477, DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.08.023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscaleMaximum outcome improvement satisfaction thresholdBorderline hip dysplasiaPrimary hip arthroscopyPatient-reported outcomesNormal acetabular coveragePatient acceptable symptomatic stateHigh RTS rateHigh-level athletesFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeHip arthroscopyAcetabular coverageControl groupHip scoreSport ratesImpingement syndromeRTS rateLabral pathologyPostoperative patient-reported outcomesPropensity-matched control groupFavorable midterm outcomesPropensity-matched groupsRetrospective cohort studyHarris hip scoreTime of surgeryDetermining Clinically Meaningful Thresholds for the Hip Outcome Score Sport-Specific Subscale in Athletes Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Owens JS, Jimenez AE, Lee MS, George T, Maldonado DR, Domb BG. Determining Clinically Meaningful Thresholds for the Hip Outcome Score Sport-Specific Subscale in Athletes Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. The American Journal Of Sports Medicine 2022, 50: 3009-3018. PMID: 35971944, DOI: 10.1177/03635465221114400.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscalePatient acceptable symptom stateNon-Arthritic Hip ScoreFemoroacetabular impingement syndromePrimary hip arthroscopySubstantial clinical benefitVisual analog scaleSport-Specific SubscaleHip arthroscopyHip scoreAnchor questionImpingement syndromeMaximum outcome improvement satisfaction thresholdPrevious ipsilateral hip surgeryChange scoresIpsilateral hip surgeryAcceptable symptom stateHarris hip scoreBody mass indexStandard deviation ageLevel of evidenceSatisfaction thresholdCohort studyDeviation ageTönnis gradeOutcomes of Staged Bilateral Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in the Context of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Nested Matched-Pair Control Study Focusing on the Effect of Time Between Procedures
Ankem HK, Diulus SC, Kyin C, Jimenez AE, Saks BR, Sabetian PW, Maldonado DR, Lall AC, Domb BG. Outcomes of Staged Bilateral Hip Arthroscopic Surgery in the Context of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Nested Matched-Pair Control Study Focusing on the Effect of Time Between Procedures. The American Journal Of Sports Medicine 2022, 50: 2998-3008. PMID: 35877152, DOI: 10.1177/03635465221108955.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscalePatient acceptable symptom stateHip arthroscopic surgeryPatient-reported outcomesFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeVisual analog scaleNonarthritic Hip ScoreBody mass indexBilateral proceduresArthroscopic surgeryStudy groupHip scoreMass indexImpingement syndromeControl groupPrimary hip arthroscopic surgeryPropensity score-matched control groupComparable improvementAcceptable symptom stateHarris hip scoreLevel of evidenceCohort studyContralateral procedureSymptom stateAnalog scale5-Year Arthroscopy-Free Survivorship and Outcomes of Adolescents Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Comparison Between Traumatic and Atraumatic Injuries
Lee MS, Paraschos OA, Jimenez AE, Owens JS, Maldonado DR, Domb BG. 5-Year Arthroscopy-Free Survivorship and Outcomes of Adolescents Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Comparison Between Traumatic and Atraumatic Injuries. The American Journal Of Sports Medicine 2022, 50: 2613-2621. PMID: 35853165, DOI: 10.1177/03635465221103255.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPatient acceptable symptom stateMaximum outcome improvement satisfaction thresholdPropensity-matched control groupPatient-reported outcomesFemoroacetabular impingement syndromePrimary hip arthroscopyBody mass indexHip arthroscopyTraumatic injuryAdolescent patientsControl groupAtraumatic injuriesHip scoreHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscaleTI groupAcceptable symptom stateHarris hip scoreNonarthritic Hip ScoreVisual analog scaleHigher revision rateLevel of evidenceOutcomes of adolescentsHigh ratePaucity of literatureMean followPaper 46: Comparing Midterm Outcomes of High-Level Athletes Versus Nonathletes Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Propensity Matched Comparison with Minimum 5-year Follow-Up *ACCEPTED TO AJSM*
Jimenez A, Monahan P, Owens J, Lall A, Domb B, Maldonado D. Paper 46: Comparing Midterm Outcomes of High-Level Athletes Versus Nonathletes Undergoing Primary Hip Arthroscopy: A Propensity Matched Comparison with Minimum 5-year Follow-Up *ACCEPTED TO AJSM*. Orthopaedic Journal Of Sports Medicine 2022, 10: 2325967121s00610. PMCID: PMC9339881, DOI: 10.1177/2325967121s00610.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHip Outcome Score-Sports Specific SubscalePatient acceptable symptomatic stateNon-Arthritic Hip ScorePatient-reported outcome scoresPrimary hip arthroscopyMid-term outcomesFemoroacetabular impingement syndromeNA patientsHip arthroscopyControl groupHip scoreOutcome scoresFavorable mid-term outcomesHigh ratePropensity-matched cohortPropensity-Matched ComparisonRevision arthroscopic surgeryHarris hip scoreSport-Specific SubscaleHigh-level athletesSimilar ratesMidterm outcomesPostoperative scoresIntraoperative findingsImpingement syndrome