2023
Pleiotropic role of TRAF7 in skull-base meningiomas and congenital heart disease
Mishra-Gorur K, Barak T, Kaulen L, Henegariu O, Jin S, Aguilera S, Yalbir E, Goles G, Nishimura S, Miyagishima D, Djenoune L, Altinok S, K. D, Viviano S, Prendergast A, Zerillo C, Ozcan K, Baran B, Sencar L, Goc N, Yarman Y, Ercan-Sencicek A, Bilguvar K, Lifton R, Moliterno J, Louvi A, Yuan S, Deniz E, Brueckner M, Gunel M. Pleiotropic role of TRAF7 in skull-base meningiomas and congenital heart disease. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2023, 120: e2214997120. PMID: 37043537, PMCID: PMC10120005, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214997120.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWild-type proteinInherited mutationsCardiac outflow tractDevelopmental heart defectsProtein functionLack ciliaPleiotropic rolesMechanistic convergenceNeural crestCiliary defectsSomatic variantsForebrain meningesCommon originDominant mannerMutationsTRAF7ZebrafishMutantsDisparate pathologiesHeterodimerizationKnockdownGeneticsProteinCiliaCongenital heart
2022
Biallelic PRMT7 pathogenic variants are associated with a recognizable syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder with short stature, obesity, and craniofacial and digital abnormalities
Cali E, Suri M, Scala M, Ferla M, Alavi S, Faqeih E, Bijlsma E, Wigby K, Baralle D, Mehrjardi M, Schwab J, Platzer K, Steindl K, Hashem M, Jones M, Niyazov D, Jacober J, Littlejohn R, Weis D, Zadeh N, Rodan L, Goldenberg A, Lecoquierre F, Dutra-Clarke M, Horvath G, Young D, Orenstein N, Bawazeer S, Silfhout A, Herenger Y, Dehghani M, Seyedhassani S, Bahreini A, Nasab M, Ercan-Sencicek A, Firoozfar Z, Movahedinia M, Efthymiou S, Striano P, Karimiani E, Salpietro V, Taylor J, Redman M, Stegmann A, Laner A, Abdel-Salam G, Li M, Bengala M, Müller A, Digilio M, Rauch A, Gunel M, Titheradge H, Schweitzer D, Kraus A, Valenzuela I, McLean S, Phornphutkul C, Salih M, Begtrup A, Schnur R, Torti E, Haack T, Prada C, Alkuraya F, Houlden H, Maroofian R. Biallelic PRMT7 pathogenic variants are associated with a recognizable syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder with short stature, obesity, and craniofacial and digital abnormalities. Genetics In Medicine 2022, 25: 135-142. PMID: 36399134, PMCID: PMC10620944, DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.09.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsShort statureClinical characteristicsSyndromic neurodevelopmental disorderNeurodevelopmental disordersSevere developmental delay/intellectual disabilityPhenotypic spectrumDetailed clinical characteristicsDevelopmental delay/intellectual disabilityMain clinical characteristicsProminent supraorbital ridgesThin upper lipBroad nasal tipProtein arginine methyltransferase 7Endocrine abnormalitiesEye abnormalitiesClinical informationIntellectual developmental disabilitiesPathogenic variantsShort noseVariable findingsNatural historyBifrontal narrowingNasal tipUpper lipLower lipMutation spectrum of congenital heart disease in a consanguineous Turkish population
Dong W, Kaymakcalan H, Jin SC, Diab NS, Tanıdır C, Yalcin ASY, Ercan‐Sencicek A, Mane S, Gunel M, Lifton RP, Bilguvar K, Brueckner M. Mutation spectrum of congenital heart disease in a consanguineous Turkish population. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine 2022, 10: e1944. PMID: 35481623, PMCID: PMC9184665, DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1944.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWhole-exome sequencingLaterality defectsUnique genetic architectureCongenital heart diseaseConsanguineous familyGenetic architectureCausal genesCHD genesGenome analysisHomozygous variantGenetic landscapeGenetic lesionsGenomic alterationsHeart diseaseConsanguineous populationFunction variantsRecessive variantsCHD probandsGenesType of CHDMutation spectrumStructural congenital heart diseaseVariantsCHD subjectsAdditional patientsA rare etiology of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia: Renpenning syndrome
Kaymakçalan H, Ercan-Şençiçek AG, Cebeci AN, Dong W, Yalçın A. A rare etiology of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia: Renpenning syndrome. The Anatolian Journal Of Cardiology 2022, 26: 149-150. PMID: 35190366, PMCID: PMC8878915, DOI: 10.5152/anatoljcardiol.2021.554.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical Notes
2021
PPIL4 is essential for brain angiogenesis and implicated in intracranial aneurysms in humans
Barak T, Ristori E, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Miyagishima DF, Nelson-Williams C, Dong W, Jin SC, Prendergast A, Armero W, Henegariu O, Erson-Omay EZ, Harmancı AS, Guy M, Gültekin B, Kilic D, Rai DK, Goc N, Aguilera SM, Gülez B, Altinok S, Ozcan K, Yarman Y, Coskun S, Sempou E, Deniz E, Hintzen J, Cox A, Fomchenko E, Jung SW, Ozturk AK, Louvi A, Bilgüvar K, Connolly ES, Khokha MK, Kahle KT, Yasuno K, Lifton RP, Mishra-Gorur K, Nicoli S, Günel M. PPIL4 is essential for brain angiogenesis and implicated in intracranial aneurysms in humans. Nature Medicine 2021, 27: 2165-2175. PMID: 34887573, PMCID: PMC8768030, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01572-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGenome-wide association studiesPeptidyl-prolyl cis-transPathogenesis of IAContribution of variantsCommon genetic variantsVertebrate modelDeleterious mutationsWnt activatorAssociation studiesWhole-exome sequencingSignificant enrichmentGenetic variantsWntAngiogenesis regulatorsMutationsGene mutationsBrain angiogenesisIntracranial aneurysm ruptureJMJD6AngiogenesisCerebrovascular morphologyCerebrovascular integrityIntracerebral hemorrhageAneurysm ruptureVariantsPrevalence and clinical/molecular characteristics of PTEN mutations in Turkish children with autism spectrum disorders and macrocephaly
Kaymakcalan H, Kaya İ, Binici N, Nikerel E, Özbaran B, Aksoy M, Erbilgin S, Özyurt G, Jahan N, Çelik D, Yararbaş K, Yalçınkaya L, Köse S, Durak S, Ercan‐Sencicek A. Prevalence and clinical/molecular characteristics of PTEN mutations in Turkish children with autism spectrum disorders and macrocephaly. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine 2021, 9: e1739. PMID: 34268892, PMCID: PMC8404225, DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1739.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchEngineering spatial-organized cardiac organoids for developmental toxicity testing
Hoang P, Kowalczewski A, Sun S, Winston TS, Archilla AM, Lemus SM, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Gupta AR, Liu W, Kontaridis MI, Amack JD, Ma Z. Engineering spatial-organized cardiac organoids for developmental toxicity testing. Stem Cell Reports 2021, 16: 1228-1244. PMID: 33891865, PMCID: PMC8185451, DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.013.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2020
A patient with mental retardation, enteropathy, deafness, peripheral neuropathy, ichthyosis, keratodermia syndrome caused by AP1B1 gene variant.
Meriç R, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Uludağ Alkaya D, Şahin Y, Sar M, Bilguvar K, Tüysüz B. A patient with mental retardation, enteropathy, deafness, peripheral neuropathy, ichthyosis, keratodermia syndrome caused by AP1B1 gene variant. Clinical Dysmorphology 2020, 30: 54-57. PMID: 32969855, DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000350.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical Notes
2019
Loss of UGP2 in brain leads to a severe epileptic encephalopathy, emphasizing that bi-allelic isoform-specific start-loss mutations of essential genes can cause genetic diseases
Perenthaler E, Nikoncuk A, Yousefi S, Berdowski WM, Alsagob M, Capo I, van der Linde HC, van den Berg P, Jacobs EH, Putar D, Ghazvini M, Aronica E, van IJcken WFJ, de Valk WG, Medici-van den Herik E, van Slegtenhorst M, Brick L, Kozenko M, Kohler JN, Bernstein JA, Monaghan KG, Begtrup A, Torene R, Al Futaisi A, Al Murshedi F, Mani R, Al Azri F, Kamsteeg EJ, Mojarrad M, Eslahi A, Khazaei Z, Darmiyan FM, Doosti M, Karimiani EG, Vandrovcova J, Zafar F, Rana N, Kandaswamy KK, Hertecant J, Bauer P, AlMuhaizea MA, Salih MA, Aldosary M, Almass R, Al-Quait L, Qubbaj W, Coskun S, Alahmadi KO, Hamad MHA, Alwadaee S, Awartani K, Dababo AM, Almohanna F, Colak D, Dehghani M, Mehrjardi MYV, Gunel M, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Passi GR, Cheema HA, Efthymiou S, Houlden H, Bertoli-Avella AM, Brooks AS, Retterer K, Maroofian R, Kaya N, van Ham TJ, Barakat TS. Loss of UGP2 in brain leads to a severe epileptic encephalopathy, emphasizing that bi-allelic isoform-specific start-loss mutations of essential genes can cause genetic diseases. Acta Neuropathologica 2019, 139: 415-442. PMID: 31820119, PMCID: PMC7035241, DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02109-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase genePluripotent stem cell differentiationGenetic diseasesUnfolded protein responseVisual disturbancesAltered glycogen metabolismPremature neuronal differentiationStem cell differentiationEpileptic encephalopathyUpregulated unfolded protein responseDevelopmental delayEssential genesEssential proteinsTherapy-resistant seizuresDifferentiation defectsMutant animalsStart codonMultiple lineagesProtein responseNeural stem cellsSevere epileptic encephalopathySimilar disease mechanismsSevere developmental delayShort isoformProtein absence
2018
MAB21L1 loss of function causes a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder with distinctive cerebellar, ocular, craniofacial and genital features (COFG syndrome)
Rad A, Altunoglu U, Miller R, Maroofian R, James KN, Çağlayan AO, Najafi M, Stanley V, Boustany RM, Yeşil G, Sahebzamani A, Ercan-Sencicek G, Saeidi K, Wu K, Bauer P, Bakey Z, Gleeson JG, Hauser N, Gunel M, Kayserili H, Schmidts M. MAB21L1 loss of function causes a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder with distinctive cerebellar, ocular, craniofacial and genital features (COFG syndrome). Journal Of Medical Genetics 2018, 56: 332. PMID: 30487245, PMCID: PMC6581149, DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105623.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAbnormalities, MultipleBrainChildChild, PreschoolConsanguinityExome SequencingFaciesFemaleGenetic Association StudiesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHomeodomain ProteinsHomozygoteHumansInfantLoss of Function MutationMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleModels, MolecularNeurodevelopmental DisordersPedigreePhenotypePolymorphism, Single NucleotideProtein ConformationSyndromeConceptsScrotal agenesisCerebellar hypoplasiaCharacteristic facial gestaltHomozygous truncating variantConsanguineous familyUnrelated consanguineous familiesOphthalmological anomaliesSyndromic neurodevelopmental disorderCardinal featuresCerebello-oculoCorneal dystrophyLabioscrotal foldsTruncating variantsFunction variantsFacial gestaltExome sequencingSyndromeSimilar phenotypic featuresGenetic causeFacial dysmorphismNeurodevelopmental disordersMissense variantsVariable microcephalyNeurodevelopmental syndromeAffected individuals
2017
Novel compound heterozygous mutations in GPT2 linked to microcephaly, and intellectual developmental disability with or without spastic paraplegia
Kaymakcalan H, Yarman Y, Goc N, Toy F, Meral C, Ercan‐Sencicek A, Gunel M. Novel compound heterozygous mutations in GPT2 linked to microcephaly, and intellectual developmental disability with or without spastic paraplegia. American Journal Of Medical Genetics Part A 2017, 176: 421-425. PMID: 29226631, DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38558.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesConceptsNovel compound heterozygous missense variantsSpastic paraplegiaNovel compound heterozygous variantsCompound heterozygous missense variantsMissense variantsNovel compound heterozygous mutationsCompound heterozygous variantsHeterozygous missense variantsCompound heterozygous mutationsFamily membersTurkish cohortIndex patientsIntellectual developmental disabilitiesClinical phenotypeHeterozygous variantsDevelopmental delayHeterozygous mutationsAffected sisterMale siblingsUnaffected parentsFemale siblingsIntellectual disabilityDevelopmental disabilitiesSanger sequencingParaplegiaNeurogenetic analysis of childhood disintegrative disorder
Gupta AR, Westphal A, Yang DYJ, Sullivan CAW, Eilbott J, Zaidi S, Voos A, Vander Wyk BC, Ventola P, Waqar Z, Fernandez TV, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Walker MF, Choi M, Schneider A, Hedderly T, Baird G, Friedman H, Cordeaux C, Ristow A, Shic F, Volkmar FR, Pelphrey KA. Neurogenetic analysis of childhood disintegrative disorder. Molecular Autism 2017, 8: 19. PMID: 28392909, PMCID: PMC5379515, DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0133-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingAutism Spectrum DisorderBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription FactorsBrainBrain MappingCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolChromosomes, Human, XDisease ProgressionDNA Copy Number VariationsExome SequencingFemaleGene ExpressionHumansIntellectual DisabilityMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMaternal InheritanceNuclear ProteinsPhenotypePolymorphism, GeneticSeverity of Illness IndexSiblingsTranscription FactorsTranscriptome
2016
Recurrent somatic mutations in POLR2A define a distinct subset of meningiomas
Clark VE, Harmancı AS, Bai H, Youngblood MW, Lee TI, Baranoski JF, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Abraham BJ, Weintraub AS, Hnisz D, Simon M, Krischek B, Erson-Omay EZ, Henegariu O, Carrión-Grant G, Mishra-Gorur K, Durán D, Goldmann JE, Schramm J, Goldbrunner R, Piepmeier JM, Vortmeyer AO, Günel JM, Bilgüvar K, Yasuno K, Young RA, Günel M. Recurrent somatic mutations in POLR2A define a distinct subset of meningiomas. Nature Genetics 2016, 48: 1253-1259. PMID: 27548314, PMCID: PMC5114141, DOI: 10.1038/ng.3651.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCatalytic DomainChromosomes, Human, Pair 22Cohort StudiesDNA Mutational AnalysisEnhancer Elements, GeneticExomeGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGenotypeHumansKruppel-Like Factor 4Kruppel-Like Transcription FactorsMeningeal NeoplasmsMeningiomaMutationNeurofibromin 2RNA Polymerase IITumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and ProteinsBiallelic Mutations in Citron Kinase Link Mitotic Cytokinesis to Human Primary Microcephaly
Li H, Bielas SL, Zaki MS, Ismail S, Farfara D, Um K, Rosti RO, Scott EC, Tu S, C. NC, Gabriel S, Erson-Omay EZ, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Yasuno K, Çağlayan AO, Kaymakçalan H, Ekici B, Bilguvar K, Gunel M, Gleeson JG. Biallelic Mutations in Citron Kinase Link Mitotic Cytokinesis to Human Primary Microcephaly. American Journal Of Human Genetics 2016, 99: 501-510. PMID: 27453578, PMCID: PMC4974110, DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.07.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInduced pluripotent stem cellsPrimary microcephalyHuman primary microcephalyAutosomal recessive primary microcephalyNon-progressive intellectual disabilityAmino acid residuesPluripotent stem cellsMitotic cytokinesisCellular functionsGenome editingCell divisionKinase domainAbnormal cytokinesisCRISPR/Homozygous missense mutationCytokinesisKinase activityMultipolar spindlesNeural progenitorsAcid residuesFunction mutationsMissense mutationsStem cellsMultiple rolesMutationsClinical genomics expands the morbid genome of intellectual disability and offers a high diagnostic yield
Anazi S, Maddirevula S, Faqeih E, Alsedairy H, Alzahrani F, Shamseldin HE, Patel N, Hashem M, Ibrahim N, Abdulwahab F, Ewida N, Alsaif HS, Al sharif H, Alamoudi W, Kentab A, Bashiri FA, Alnaser M, AlWadei AH, Alfadhel M, Eyaid W, Hashem A, Al Asmari A, Saleh MM, AlSaman A, Alhasan KA, Alsughayir M, Al Shammari M, Mahmoud A, Al-Hassnan ZN, Al-Husain M, Osama Khalil R, Abd El.Meguid N, Masri A, Ali R, Ben-Omran T, El.Fishway P, Hashish A, Ercan Sencicek A, State M, Alazami AM, Salih MA, Altassan N, Arold ST, Abouelhoda M, Wakil SM, Monies D, Shaheen R, Alkuraya FS. Clinical genomics expands the morbid genome of intellectual disability and offers a high diagnostic yield. Molecular Psychiatry 2016, 22: 615-624. PMID: 27431290, DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.113.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStandard clinical evaluationDiagnostic yieldFirst-tier testExome sequencingClinical evaluationIntellectual disabilityHigh diagnostic yieldLikely pathogenic variantsMulti-gene panelStudy cohortLikely diagnosisTreatable formID subjectsDe novo dominantPathogenic variantsHomozygous mutationRecessive variantsLines of evidencePoint mutationsCandidate genesNovel candidate genesCohortDiagnosisLikely causal variantsHigh consanguinityRenal involvement in patients with mucolipidosis IIIalpha/beta: Causal relation or co‐occurrence?
Tüysüz B, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Canpolat N, Koparır A, Yılmaz S, Kılıçaslan I, Gülez B, Bilguvar K, Günel M. Renal involvement in patients with mucolipidosis IIIalpha/beta: Causal relation or co‐occurrence? American Journal Of Medical Genetics Part A 2016, 170: 1187-1195. PMID: 26749367, DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37543.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRenal involvementFlexion contractureNormal renal functionCause of proteinuriaNephrotic range proteinuriaFocal segmental glomerulosclerosisRare lysosomal storage disorderHereditary kidney diseaseGlomerular visceral epithelial cellsNovel homozygous missense mutationVisceral epithelial cellsWhole-exome sequencingLysosomal storage disorderRenal functionBiopsy findingsRenal biopsyKidney diseaseSegmental glomerulosclerosisFamily historyChildhood onsetGNPTAB geneHealthy siblingsHomozygous missense mutationLarge jointsMild short stature
2015
Integrated genomic characterization of IDH1-mutant glioma malignant progression
Bai H, Harmancı AS, Erson-Omay EZ, Li J, Coşkun S, Simon M, Krischek B, Özduman K, Omay SB, Sorensen EA, Turcan Ş, Bakırcığlu M, Carrión-Grant G, Murray PB, Clark VE, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Knight J, Sencar L, Altınok S, Kaulen LD, Gülez B, Timmer M, Schramm J, Mishra-Gorur K, Henegariu O, Moliterno J, Louvi A, Chan TA, Tannheimer SL, Pamir MN, Vortmeyer AO, Bilguvar K, Yasuno K, Günel M. Integrated genomic characterization of IDH1-mutant glioma malignant progression. Nature Genetics 2015, 48: 59-66. PMID: 26618343, PMCID: PMC4829945, DOI: 10.1038/ng.3457.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDevelopmental transcription factorsActivation of MYCMalignant progressionGenomic approachesPI3K pathwayGlioma malignant progressionEpigenetic silencingIDH1 mutant gliomasTranscription factorsIntegrated genomic characterizationGenomic characterizationRTK-RASOncogenic pathwaysK pathwayClonal expansionPathwaySilencingMYCProgressionInsights into Autism Spectrum Disorder Genomic Architecture and Biology from 71 Risk Loci
Sanders SJ, He X, Willsey AJ, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Samocha KE, Cicek AE, Murtha MT, Bal VH, Bishop SL, Dong S, Goldberg AP, Jinlu C, Keaney JF, Klei L, Mandell JD, Moreno-De-Luca D, Poultney CS, Robinson EB, Smith L, Solli-Nowlan T, Su MY, Teran NA, Walker MF, Werling DM, Beaudet AL, Cantor RM, Fombonne E, Geschwind DH, Grice DE, Lord C, Lowe JK, Mane SM, Martin DM, Morrow EM, Talkowski ME, Sutcliffe JS, Walsh CA, Yu TW, Consortium A, Ledbetter DH, Martin CL, Cook EH, Buxbaum JD, Daly MJ, Devlin B, Roeder K, State MW. Insights into Autism Spectrum Disorder Genomic Architecture and Biology from 71 Risk Loci. Neuron 2015, 87: 1215-1233. PMID: 26402605, PMCID: PMC4624267, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutism Genome ProjectAutism Sequencing ConsortiumRisk lociRisk genesSimons Simplex CollectionASD risk lociDe novo CNVsGenomic architectureSequencing ConsortiumExome sequencing dataDe novo deletionsCNV regionsDe novo mutationsGenome ProjectSequencing dataNovo deletionGenesCNV dataLociNovo mutationsDeletionAssociation TestBiologyMutationsStrong evidence
2014
De Novo Insertions and Deletions of Predominantly Paternal Origin Are Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Dong S, Walker MF, Carriero NJ, DiCola M, Willsey AJ, Ye AY, Waqar Z, Gonzalez LE, Overton JD, Frahm S, Keaney JF, Teran NA, Dea J, Mandell JD, Bal V, Sullivan CA, DiLullo NM, Khalil RO, Gockley J, Yuksel Z, Sertel SM, Ercan-Sencicek AG, Gupta AR, Mane SM, Sheldon M, Brooks AI, Roeder K, Devlin B, State MW, Wei L, Sanders SJ. De Novo Insertions and Deletions of Predominantly Paternal Origin Are Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cell Reports 2014, 9: 16-23. PMID: 25284784, PMCID: PMC4194132, DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.068.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHomozygous loss of DIAPH1 is a novel cause of microcephaly in humans
Ercan-Sencicek AG, Jambi S, Franjic D, Nishimura S, Li M, El-Fishawy P, Morgan TM, Sanders SJ, Bilguvar K, Suri M, Johnson MH, Gupta AR, Yuksel Z, Mane S, Grigorenko E, Picciotto M, Alberts AS, Gunel M, Šestan N, State MW. Homozygous loss of DIAPH1 is a novel cause of microcephaly in humans. European Journal Of Human Genetics 2014, 23: 165-172. PMID: 24781755, PMCID: PMC4297910, DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.82.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCell divisionFamily-based linkage analysisLinkage analysisRho effector proteinsLinear actin filamentsMaintenance of polarityMitotic cell divisionHigh-throughput sequencingRare genetic variantsHuman neuronal precursor cellsParametric multipoint linkage analysisActivation of GTPNeuronal precursor cellsFormin familyMammalian DiaphanousEffector proteinsMultipoint linkage analysisSpindle formationActin filamentsNonsense alterationWhole-exome sequencingHuman pathologiesNeuroepithelial cellsGenetic variantsHomozygous loss