Featured Publications
Influence of Nonsyndromic Bicoronal Synostosis and Syndromic Influences on Orbit and Periorbital Malformation
Lu X, Forte AJ, Dinis J, Junn A, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Influence of Nonsyndromic Bicoronal Synostosis and Syndromic Influences on Orbit and Periorbital Malformation. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 2022, 149: 930e-942e. PMID: 35286288, DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009051.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsApert syndromeCrouzon syndromeBicoronal synostosisNonsyndromic bicoronal synostosisNonsyndromic casesPreoperative computed tomography scansSpine positionCLINICAL QUESTION/LEVELComputed tomography scanOrbital cavity volumeLateral orbital wallTomography scanApert patientsMaxillary retrusionPremature suture fusionMaxillary hypoplasiaSyndromePatientsCrouzon patientsOrbital wallSyndromic craniosynostosisAnteroposterior lengthVolumetric analysisSynostosisMalformationsAirway Growth in Preoperative Patients with Crouzon Syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Park KE, Allam O, Smetona J, Alperovich M, Steinbacher DM, Tonello C, Alonso N, Persing JA. Airway Growth in Preoperative Patients with Crouzon Syndrome. Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine 2021, 23: 191-197. PMID: 33577380, DOI: 10.1089/fpsam.2020.0441.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYears of ageNasal airway volumeAirway volumeCrouzon syndromePharyngeal airwayCross-sectional areaAirway cross-sectional areaObstructive sleep apneaMonths of agePreoperative patientsSleep apneaMaximal constrictionAirway developmentAirway growthTomography scanAge subgroupsCT scanPatientsSyndromeCrouzon patientsNatural historyAgeNormal dimensionsAirwayMaterialise softwareNasopharyngeal airway and subcranial space analysis in Pfeiffer syndrome
Lu X, Forte A, Allam O, Park K, Junn A, Alperovich M, Steinbacher D, Tonello C, Alonso N, Persing J. Nasopharyngeal airway and subcranial space analysis in Pfeiffer syndrome. British Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery 2020, 59: 592-598. PMID: 33863588, DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.10.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAirway volumeNasal airwayPfeiffer syndromeNasopharyngeal airwayPharyngeal airwayComputed tomogramsCross-sectional areaPharyngeal airway volumeNasal airway volumePreoperative computed tomogramsMaxillomandibular advancementRespiratory crisisSurgical treatmentUpper airwayChoanal stenosisAirwayPatientsNasal pathwayMaxillary expansionRegional abnormalitiesSyndromeAnteroposterior dimensionAnatomical basisAnteroposterior lengthPosterior widthMorphological Basis for Airway Surgical Intervention in Apert Syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Park KE, Allam O, Alperovich M, Steinbacher DM, Tonello C, Alonso N, Persing JA. Morphological Basis for Airway Surgical Intervention in Apert Syndrome. Annals Of Plastic Surgery 2020, 87: 59-64. PMID: 34133365, DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002601.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsApert syndrome patientsPharyngeal airway volumeComputed tomography scanSyndrome patientsApert syndromeAirway volumeSurgical interventionTomography scanNasal cavityPreoperative computed tomography scansAirway volume changesAge-related subgroupsYears of ageMonths of agePosition of maxillaGrowth of mandibleAirway compromiseNasopharyngeal airwayPharyngeal airwayNasal airwayIntergonial widthSyndromeAirwayPatientsAnteroposterior lengthClassification of Subtypes of Crouzon Syndrome Based on the Type of Vault Suture Synostosis.
Lu X, Sawh-Martinez R, Forte AJ, Wu R, Cabrejo R, Wilson A, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Classification of Subtypes of Crouzon Syndrome Based on the Type of Vault Suture Synostosis. Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery 2020, 31: 678-684. PMID: 32068731, DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006173.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsClass IIICrouzon syndromeClass IClass IISuture involvementSuture synostosisSimilar craniofacial characteristicsComputed tomography scanClassification of subtypesSurgical interventionMorphology of patientsAnatomic deformityTomography scanSurgical techniqueCT scanDifferent subtypesSagittal synostosisSyndromeClass IVPremature closureCraniofacial characteristicsSevere craniofacial malformationsCranial base lengthSynostosisDifferent pathologiesRacial disparity of Crouzon syndrome in maxilla and mandible
Lu X, Forte AJ, Fan F, Zhang Z, Teng L, Yang B, Alperovich M, Steinbacher DM, Alonso N, Persing JA. Racial disparity of Crouzon syndrome in maxilla and mandible. International Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery 2020, 49: 1566-1575. PMID: 32362538, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.04.005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAsian patientsCaucasian patientsCrouzon syndrome patientsCrouzon syndromeSyndrome patientsRacial disparitiesAnteroposterior maxillary lengthMidface profileTomography scanPatientsMandibular volumeCaucasian controlsCraniosynostosis patientsMaxillary positioningMaxillary lengthSyndromeVolume deficiencyANB angleAsian controlsMandibular lengthBackward displacementMaterialise softwareMaxillaSame extentMaxilla length
2021
Does different cranial suture synostosis influence orbit volume and morphology in Apert syndrome?
Lu X, Forte A, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing J. Does different cranial suture synostosis influence orbit volume and morphology in Apert syndrome? International Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery 2021, 51: 338-346. PMID: 34400025, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.07.019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsApert syndrome patientsSyndrome patientsBone volumeApert syndromeBicoronal synostosisType IType IIISuture synostosisComputed tomography scanType IIMaxillary bone volumeIndividualized surgical planningOrbital cavity volumeBilateral coronal synostosisTomography scanAnatomic basisBone malformationsSurgical planningSynostosisCoronal synostosisOrbital rimStatistical significanceOrbit volumePatientsSyndromeFacial Dysmorphology in Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome
Junn A, Dinis J, Lu X, Forte AJ, Mozaffari MA, Phillips S, Lopez J, Alonso N, Persing JA, Alperovich M. Facial Dysmorphology in Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome. Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery 2021, 32: 2660-2665. PMID: 34727468, DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007910.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSCS patientsSaethre-Chotzen syndromeMandibular prognathismNonsyndromic patientsNasal bridgePreoperative computer-tomography (CT) scanNasal boneNonsyndromic craniosynostosis patientsB point angleProminent nasal bridgeBroad nasal bridgeMann-Whitney UComputer tomography scansEyelid ptosisTomography scanMaxillary retrusionSuture pathologyNormal controlsMaxillary hypoplasiaPatientsClassic featuresCraniosynostosis patientsUnaffected controlsSyndromeClassic description
2019
Airway Analysis in Apert Syndrome.
Forte AJ, Lu X, Hashim PW, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Persing JA, Alonso N. Airway Analysis in Apert Syndrome. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 2019, 144: 704-709. PMID: 31461034, DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005937.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosterior nasal spineApert syndromeNasal spineTomographic scanPharyngeal airway volumeRespiratory insufficiencyAirway compromiseAirway volumeAirway spaceRespiratory impairmentClinical managementAirway analysisPosterior airwayNasal cavityDisease comorbiditiesPatientsSyndromeSkull baseNasal measurementsSpine distanceStatistical significanceMidfacial deformitiesSpineAirwayPharyngeal regionEnlarged anterior cranial fossa and restricted posterior cranial fossa, the disproportionate growth of basicranium in Crouzon syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Enlarged anterior cranial fossa and restricted posterior cranial fossa, the disproportionate growth of basicranium in Crouzon syndrome. Journal Of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 2019, 47: 1426-1435. PMID: 31331854, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2019.06.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPosterior cranial fossa volumePosterior cranial fossaCranial fossaFossa volumeCrouzon syndrome patientsCrouzon syndromeSyndrome patientsCT scanSegmental anteriorSurgical treatment planPreoperative CT scanAnterior cranial fossaMonths of ageMiddle cranial fossaPosterior cranial expansionNormal intracranial volumeIntracranial volume measurementsTreatment planIntracranial volumePatientsFossaSyndromeCranial expansionCranial volumeAnteriorAnalysis of Airway and Midface in Crouzon Syndromes
Forte AJ, Lu X, Hashim PW, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Persing JA, Alonso N. Analysis of Airway and Midface in Crouzon Syndromes. Annals Of Plastic Surgery 2019, Publish Ahead of Print: &na;. PMID: 30633021, DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001740.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPharyngeal airway volumeComputed tomography scanAirway volumeControl subjectsTomography scanCrouzon syndromeAge-matched control subjectsAnalysis of airwaysSevere respiratory impairmentNasal airway volumePosterior pharyngeal wallEarly mixed dentitionCrouzon groupSurgical interventionRespiratory impairmentUpper airwaySoft tissue measurementsPharyngeal wallPosterior tongueMixed dentitionAirwayPatientsSyndromeVolumetric assessmentT-testClassification of Subtypes of Apert Syndrome, Based on the Type of Vault Suture Synostosis
Lu X, Sawh-Martinez R, Forte A, Wu R, Cabrejo R, Wilson A, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Classification of Subtypes of Apert Syndrome, Based on the Type of Vault Suture Synostosis. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open 2019, 7: e2158. PMID: 31044122, PMCID: PMC6467634, DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002158.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchApert syndromeCranial base angulationClass IClass IICommon subtypeCoronal synostosisObstructive sleep apneaCranial baseApert syndrome patientsBilateral coronal synostosisClassification of subtypesUnilateral lambdoid synostosisUnilateral coronal synostosisAirway compromiseSleep apneaAnatomic deformityTreatment choiceSyndrome patientsPosterior aspectOropharyngeal spaceCT scanCranial base angleCleft palateClass IIISyndromeTemporal Evaluation of Craniofacial Relationships in Apert Syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Sawh-Martinez R, Wu R, Cabrejo R, Gabrick K, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Temporal Evaluation of Craniofacial Relationships in Apert Syndrome. Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery 2019, 30: 317-325. PMID: 30358751, DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000004836.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYears of ageApert syndromeNasal spineComputed tomography scanMaxillary planeAnterior nasal spineMonths of ageApert syndrome patientsPosterior nasal spineSella-nasion planeTomography scanSyndrome patientsAge subgroupsAnatomic relationshipsSyndromeFacial deformityAngulation changeFrankfort horizontal planeCranial base lengthMonthsIntracellular regulatory mechanismsCraniofacial malformationsAgeDeformityMaterialize software
2018
Orbit, zygoma, and maxilla growth patterns in Crouzon syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Sawh-Martinez R, Wu R, Cabrejo R, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Orbit, zygoma, and maxilla growth patterns in Crouzon syndrome. International Journal Of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery 2018, 48: 309-321. PMID: 30389113, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.10.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCrouzon syndromeCT scanAnteroposterior lengthWidth of maxillaPreoperative CT scanMonths-2 yearsMonths of agePrincipal deformityControl subjectsGlobe projectionAge subgroupsMaxillary wideningSecondary deformitiesOrbital wallAnterior protrusionSyndromeFacial malformationsMonthsDeformityAnteroposterior positionZygomatic regionCranial baseZygomaMalformationsMaterialise softwareFacial Malformation in Crouzon’s Syndrome Is Consistent with Cranial Base Development in Time and Space
Lu X, Forte AJ, Sawh-Martinez R, Madari S, Wu R, Cabrejo R, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Facial Malformation in Crouzon’s Syndrome Is Consistent with Cranial Base Development in Time and Space. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open 2018, 6: e1963. PMID: 30534503, PMCID: PMC6250456, DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001963.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCranial base deformitySyndrome patientsCrouzon syndromeFrankfort horizontal planeSurgical decision makingAnterior cranial fossaCranial baseMonths of ageCranial base developmentEvident morphologic changesCrouzon syndrome patientsAnterior cranial baseSella-nasion planeTomography scanCranial fossaCrouzon patientsSyndromeMorphologic changesPatientsMandibular planeFacial malformationsPosterior cranial baseDeformityMaxillary planeSella-NasionNormal angulation of skull base in Apert syndrome
Lu X, Forte AJ, Sawh-Martinez R, Wu R, Cabrejo R, Steinbacher DM, Alperovich M, Alonso N, Persing JA. Normal angulation of skull base in Apert syndrome. Journal Of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 2018, 46: 2042-2051. PMID: 30391086, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.09.026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnterior cranial baseApert syndromeCranial base lengthSkull baseSevere craniofacial deformitiesPosterior cranial base lengthYears of ageMonths of ageUnoperated patientsCT scanAnterior cranial base lengthCranial base angleLate infancySyndromeAge rangeCraniofacial deformitiesCranial baseDeformityAdditive effectSkull vaultMonthsAngulationSignificant changesAgeBase length