Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy
Ahmed S, Schlachter TR, Hong K. Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy. Techniques In Vascular And Interventional Radiology 2015, 18: 201-209. PMID: 26615160, DOI: 10.1053/j.tvir.2015.07.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPercutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopyBiliary systemComplete stone removalObstructive stoneSevere complicationsCommon indicationProcedural successBiliary malignancyBile ductBiliary diseaseBiliary stonesPotential complicationsTumor extentPeroral approachStone removalMalignant lesionsAnatomical considerationsInterventional radiologistsTherapeutic interventionsCholangioscopySurgical planningEffective procedureLaser lithotripsyComplicationsDirect visualization