2024
Framingham risk score based vascular outcomes in acute versus chronic HIV cohorts after 6 years of ART
Holroyd K, Han W, Apornpong T, Trautmann L, Gatechompol S, Hiransuthikul A, Ubolyam S, Sacdalan C, Sriplienchan S, Kanaprach R, Kerr S, Avihingsanon A, Spudich S, Chan P. Framingham risk score based vascular outcomes in acute versus chronic HIV cohorts after 6 years of ART. HIV Medicine 2024, 25: 725-736. PMID: 38383057, PMCID: PMC11153003, DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13621.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFramingham risk scoreYears of antiretroviral therapyAcute HIVHigher CD4 countsAntiretroviral therapyChronic HIVCD4 countFollow-upAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseVascular outcomesAssociated with higher body mass indexCardiovascular diseaseRisk scoreHigher body mass indexRisk factorsPrevalence of syphilisVascular agingCD8 T-cell countsMetabolic risk factorsCohort of participantsBody mass indexMultivariate linear regression analysisCardiovascular risk factorsEffect of ART initiationStarted antiretroviral therapy
2022
Individual Differences in CD4/CD8 T-Cell Ratio Trajectories and Associated Risk Profiles Modeled From Acute HIV Infection
Paul R, Cho K, Bolzenius J, Sacdalan C, Ndhlovu LC, Trautmann L, Krebs S, Tipsuk S, Crowell TA, Suttichom D, Colby DJ, Premeaux TA, Phanuphak N, Chan P, Kroon E, Vasan S, Hsu D, Carrico A, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Robb ML, Ake JA, Sriplienchan S, Spudich S, Team F. Individual Differences in CD4/CD8 T-Cell Ratio Trajectories and Associated Risk Profiles Modeled From Acute HIV Infection. Psychosomatic Medicine 2022, 84: 976-983. PMID: 36162059, PMCID: PMC9553252, DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001129.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnti-HIV AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesHepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2HIV InfectionsHumansIndividualityViral LoadConceptsAcute HIV infectionCD4/CD8 T-cell ratioCD8 T-cell ratioAntiretroviral therapyT-cell countsT-cell recoveryT cell ratioHigh viral loadViral loadHigh CD8Slower CD4HIV infectionLower white blood cell countWeeks of ARTRisk profileWhite blood cell countT-cell trajectoriesMedian viral loadStandard antiretroviral therapyBlood cell countLower eosinophil countsWorse mental healthAHI participantsART onsetFiebig I
2020
Determinants of suboptimal CD4+ T cell recovery after antiretroviral therapy initiation in a prospective cohort of acute HIV‐1 infection
Handoko R, Colby DJ, Kroon E, Sacdalan C, de Souza M, Pinyakorn S, Prueksakaew P, Munkong C, Ubolyam S, Akapirat S, Chiarella J, Krebs S, Sereti I, Valcour V, Paul R, Michael NL, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Spudich S, Team T. Determinants of suboptimal CD4+ T cell recovery after antiretroviral therapy initiation in a prospective cohort of acute HIV‐1 infection. Journal Of The International AIDS Society 2020, 23: e25585. PMID: 32949118, PMCID: PMC7507109, DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25585.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute HIV infectionCD4/CD8 ratioSuboptimal CD4 recoveryAntiretroviral therapyCD4 countImmune recoveryCD4 recoveryCD8 ratioStudy visitAcute HIV-1 infectionPre-ART CD4 countLower CD8 countsPlasma viral suppressionSuboptimal immune recoveryAntiretroviral therapy initiationT-cell countsT-cell recoveryHIV-1 infectionCopies/mLLower IL-6Cells/ART initiationCD4 rateCD8 countsChronic HIVSelective Decay of Intact HIV-1 Proviral DNA on Antiretroviral Therapy
Gandhi R, Cyktor J, Bosch R, Mar H, Laird G, Martin A, Collier A, Riddler S, Macatangay B, Rinaldo C, Eron J, Siliciano J, McMahon D, Mellors J, Hogg E, LeBlanc R, Scello C, Palm D, Gandhi M, Fletcher C, Podany A, Aweeka F, Halvas L, Dragavon J, Joseph J, Lagattuta R, Lin L, Pederson S, Robertson K, Rubin L, Smith D, Spudich S, Tsibris A. Selective Decay of Intact HIV-1 Proviral DNA on Antiretroviral Therapy. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2020, 223: 225-233. PMID: 32823274, PMCID: PMC7857155, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa532.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTotal HIV-1 DNAResidual plasma viremiaAntiretroviral therapyHIV-1 DNAProvirus levelsPlasma viremiaLong-term antiretroviral therapyDefective HIV-1 provirusesHIV-1 proviral DNAReplication-competent reservoirSuppressive antiretroviral therapyMarkers of inflammationReplication-competent provirusesHIV-1 provirusART initiationImmune activationHIV-1Proviral DNATime pointsInfected cellsViremiaDefective provirusesInflammationTherapyProvirus
2019
Neurosyphilis During Acute HIV Infection: A CNS Immunologic and Virologic Characterization.
Chan P, Dumrongpisutikul N, Subra C, Colby DJ, Kroon E, Fletcher J, Sacdalan C, Phanuphak N, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Trautmann L, Spudich S. Neurosyphilis During Acute HIV Infection: A CNS Immunologic and Virologic Characterization. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2019, 82: e34-e37. PMID: 31180994, PMCID: PMC10126948, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002114.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSlowly progressive fatal PML-IRIS following antiretroviral initiation at CD4+ nadir of 350 cells/mm3 despite CD4+ cell count rise to 900 cells/mm3
Sandhu MR, Rutledge R, Grant M, Mahajan A, Spudich S. Slowly progressive fatal PML-IRIS following antiretroviral initiation at CD4+ nadir of 350 cells/mm3 despite CD4+ cell count rise to 900 cells/mm3. International Journal Of STD & AIDS 2019, 30: 810-813. PMID: 31046614, DOI: 10.1177/0956462419835966.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveBrainCD4 Lymphocyte CountDisease ProgressionDystonic DisordersFatal OutcomeHIV InfectionsHumansImmune Reconstitution Inflammatory SyndromeJC VirusLeukoencephalopathy, Progressive MultifocalMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleTreatment OutcomeConceptsImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromePML-IRISAntiretroviral therapyCell countInflammatory syndromeInitiation of ARTHIV/AIDS patientsReconstitution inflammatory syndromeRobust immune reconstitutionCells/mm3Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyRole of CD4Blood-brain barrierCells/Antiretroviral initiationInflammatory picturePersistent positivityImmune reconstitutionMultifocal leukoencephalopathyNeurological symptomsOpportunistic infectionsAIDS patientsVirus antigenImmune responseJC virusVery Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy During Acute HIV Infection Is Associated With Normalized Levels of Immune Activation Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid but Not in Plasma
Hellmuth J, Slike BM, Sacdalan C, Best J, Kroon E, Phanuphak N, Fletcher JLK, Prueksakaew P, Jagodzinski LL, Valcour V, Robb M, Ananworanich J, Allen IE, Krebs SJ, Spudich S. Very Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy During Acute HIV Infection Is Associated With Normalized Levels of Immune Activation Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid but Not in Plasma. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2019, 220: 1885-1891. PMID: 30668739, PMCID: PMC6833977, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute HIV infectionAntiretroviral therapyART initiationCerebrospinal fluidWeek 96Week 24HIV infectionImmune activationAHI groupHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionEarly ART initiationPlasma CCL2 levelsTrajectory of HIVChronic immune activationImmune activation markersSuppressive antiretroviral therapyImmunodeficiency virus infectionInterleukin-6 levelsMarkers of inflammationPlasma neopterin levelsWeeks of treatmentCentral nervous systemART regimenCCL2 levelsNeopterin levels
2018
Central Nervous System Inflammation and Infection during Early, Nonaccelerated Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques
Hsu DC, Sunyakumthorn P, Wegner M, Schuetz A, Silsorn D, Estes JD, Deleage C, Tomusange K, Lakhashe SK, Ruprecht RM, Lombardini E, Im-Erbsin R, Kuncharin Y, Phuang-Ngern Y, Inthawong D, Chuenarom W, Burke R, Robb ML, Ndhlovu LC, Ananworanich J, Valcour V, O'Connell RJ, Spudich S, Michael NL, Vasan S. Central Nervous System Inflammation and Infection during Early, Nonaccelerated Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques. Journal Of Virology 2018, 92: 10.1128/jvi.00222-18. PMID: 29563297, PMCID: PMC5952152, DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00222-18.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticBrainCD4 Lymphocyte CountCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCells, CulturedDisease Models, AnimalHIV-1HumansMacaca mulattaMacrophagesMeningesMicrogliaMonocytesParenchymal TissueReceptors, Cell SurfaceRNA, ViralSimian Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeSimian immunodeficiency virusViral LoadConceptsSimian-human immunodeficiency virusSimian immunodeficiency virusCD68/CD163Immunodeficiency virus infectionCentral nervous systemBrain parenchymaHIV envelopeImmunodeficiency virusVirus infectionEarly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionSimian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infectionCentral nervous system inflammationHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionCentral nervous system involvementPathogenic simian immunodeficiency virusRhesus macaquesT-cell-mediated processEarly clinical courseSHIV-infected animalsNervous system inflammationT-cell countsCell-mediated inflammationNervous system involvementEnd-stage diseaseHIV cure strategies
2017
Acute Retroviral Syndrome Is Associated With High Viral Burden, CD4 Depletion, and Immune Activation in Systemic and Tissue Compartments
Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Fletcher JLK, Kroon E, Schuetz A, Krebs SJ, Slike BM, Leyre L, Chomont N, Jagodzinski LL, Sereti I, Utay NS, Dewar R, Rerknimitr R, Chomchey N, Trichavaroj R, Valcour VG, Spudich S, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Teeratakulpisarn N, Sacdalan C, Sutthichom D, Rattanamanee S, Prueksakaew P, Ubolyam S, Eamyoung P, Puttamaswin S, Tipsuk S, Karnsomlap P, Ridtitid W, Connell R, Akapirat S, Phuang-Ngern Y, Sukhumvittaya S, Sajjaweerawan C, Jongrakthaitae S, Saetun P, Tragonlugsana N, Nuntapinit B, Tantibul N, Savadsuk H, Tovanabutr S. Acute Retroviral Syndrome Is Associated With High Viral Burden, CD4 Depletion, and Immune Activation in Systemic and Tissue Compartments. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2017, 66: 1540-1549. PMID: 29228130, PMCID: PMC5930255, DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix1063.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh viral burdenAcute retroviral syndromeAntiretroviral therapyCD4 depletionViral burdenImmune activationAdverse long-term clinical outcomesVoluntary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testingPlasma tumor necrosis factor alphaWeeks of ARTHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testingLong-term clinical outcomesTumor necrosis factor alphaHigher HIV RNATotal HIV DNASuppressive antiretroviral therapyC-reactive proteinSigns/symptomsNecrosis factor alphaUnderwent lumbar punctureMultiple body compartmentsARS diagnosisFiebig stagesSigmoid biopsiesHIV RNADepression and Anxiety are Common in Acute HIV Infection and Associate with Plasma Immune Activation
Hellmuth J, Colby D, Valcour V, Suttichom D, Spudich S, Ananworanich J, Prueksakaew P, Sailasuta N, Allen I, Jagodzinski LL, Slike B, Ochi D, Paul R, on behalf of the RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group. Depression and Anxiety are Common in Acute HIV Infection and Associate with Plasma Immune Activation. AIDS And Behavior 2017, 21: 3238-3246. PMID: 28484888, PMCID: PMC5830305, DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1788-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnxietyBiomarkersCD4 Lymphocyte CountDepressionFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansLymphocyte ActivationMaleRNA, ViralThailandViral LoadYoung AdultConceptsAcute HIV infectionCombination antiretroviral therapyPlasma HIV RNAHIV infectionImmune activationCD4 countHIV RNAPlasma neopterinStudy entryBaseline plasma HIV RNALow CD4 countRelevant depressive symptomsAnxiety symptomsCerebrospinal fluid measuresAssessment of depressionAHI participantsAntiretroviral therapyBlood markersObservational studyDepressive symptomsMacrophage activationAffective symptomsPossible associationSymptomsFluid measures
2016
Immune Activation and HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV Controllers and Noncontrollers
Ganesh A, Lemongello D, Lee E, Peterson J, McLaughlin BE, Ferre AL, Gillespie GM, Fuchs D, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Price RW, Spudich SS, Shacklett BL. Immune Activation and HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV Controllers and Noncontrollers. AIDS Research And Human Retroviruses 2016, 32: 791-800. PMID: 27019338, PMCID: PMC4971411, DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0313.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1Anti-HIV AgentsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveCD4 Lymphocyte CountCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesDisease ResistanceGene ExpressionHIV InfectionsHIV-1HLA-DR AntigensHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansLeukocyte Common AntigensLymphocyte ActivationReceptors, CCR5Receptors, CCR7RNA, ViralViral LoadViremiaConceptsCentral nervous systemHIV controllersAntiretroviral therapyT cellsCerebrospinal fluidViral loadCopies/HIV-specific T cellsMajor histocompatibility complex class IActivation markers CD38CSF viral loadHIV-specific CD8Undetectable plasma viremiaExpression of CCR5Majority of HIVPlasma viral loadEffector memory cellsHIV-negative controlsHistocompatibility complex class IAbsence of therapyComplex class ILong-term controlPlasma viremiaElite controllersHIV infection
2015
Plasma Concentration of the Neurofilament Light Protein (NFL) is a Biomarker of CNS Injury in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study
Gisslén M, Price RW, Andreasson U, Norgren N, Nilsson S, Hagberg L, Fuchs D, Spudich S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Plasma Concentration of the Neurofilament Light Protein (NFL) is a Biomarker of CNS Injury in HIV Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study. EBioMedicine 2015, 3: 135-140. PMID: 26870824, PMCID: PMC4739412, DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeurofilament light proteinHIV-associated dementiaCSF NFL concentrationsCNS injuryHIV infectionNfL concentrationsPlasma concentrationsCSF neurofilament light proteinNeurofilament light chain proteinSingle molecule array immunoassayHIV-negative controlsUntreated HIV infectionReliable blood biomarkersCross-sectional studySimilar age-related increasesAge-related increaseResearch settingsNFL changesHIV-negativeViral suppressionNeuronal injuryAntiretroviral treatmentHIV-positiveCross-sectional designSystemic diseaseCerebral white matter integrity during primary HIV infection
Wright PW, Vaida FF, Fernández R, Rutlin J, Price RW, Lee E, Peterson J, Fuchs D, Shimony JS, Robertson KR, Walter R, Meyerhoff DJ, Spudich S, Ances BM. Cerebral white matter integrity during primary HIV infection. AIDS 2015, 29: 433-442. PMID: 25513818, PMCID: PMC4916955, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000560.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnti-HIV AgentsBiomarkersBlood-Brain BarrierCD4 Lymphocyte CountCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCentral Nervous SystemCorpus CallosumCross-Sectional StudiesDiffusion Tensor ImagingHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansInflammationMaleNeuropsychological TestsProspective StudiesRNA, ViralViral LoadWhite MatterConceptsPrimary HIV infectionLog10 copies/Diffusion tensor imagingBlood-brain barrierHIV infectionWhite matter integrityCopies/Cerebrospinal fluidHIV-1 RNA viral loadMedian CD4 cell countCross-sectional neuroimaging studiesDTI metricsChronic HIV infectionHIV-uninfected (HIV−) participantsDTI measuresCD4 cell countRNA viral loadWhole-brain voxelwise analysisEarly HIV infectionWhite matter involvementBiomarkers of infectionDuration of infectionCentral nervous systemWhite matter microstructural integrityCerebral white matter integrity
2014
Peripheral Neuropathy in Primary HIV Infection Associates With Systemic and Central Nervous System Immune Activation
Wang SX, Ho EL, Grill M, Lee E, Peterson J, Robertson K, Fuchs D, Sinclair E, Price RW, Spudich S. Peripheral Neuropathy in Primary HIV Infection Associates With Systemic and Central Nervous System Immune Activation. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2014, 66: 303-310. PMID: 24732871, PMCID: PMC4147038, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000167.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary HIV infectionPeripheral neuropathyCerebrospinal fluidHIV infectionHIV transmissionPN subjectsCentral nervous system immune activationCSF white blood cell countPlasma HIV RNA levelsSigns of PNWhite blood cell countChronic HIV infectionHIV RNA levelsCD8 T lymphocytesDetailed neurologic examinationSymptomatic peripheral neuropathyBlood cell countChemoattractant protein-1Blood CD4Blood neopterinCD8 countsCSF neopterinBilateral findingsFrequent complicationAnalysis of blood
2013
Single-copy assay quantification of HIV-1 RNA in paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples from elite controllers
Dahl V, Peterson J, Spudich S, Lee E, Shacklett BL, Price RW, Palmer S. Single-copy assay quantification of HIV-1 RNA in paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples from elite controllers. AIDS 2013, 27: 1145-1149. PMID: 23211774, PMCID: PMC4004626, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32835cf235.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 RNACentral nervous systemHIV-1 RNA quantificationElite controllersCerebrospinal fluidPlasma samplesCSF samplesHIV-1 RNA concentrationsHIV-1-infected individualsConcurrent plasma samplesSingle-copy assayRNA quantificationAntiretroviral therapyCopies/HIV-1Rare subsetNervous systemRNA concentrationClinical assaysSensitive assayAssaysRNATherapyInfectionBlood
2011
Raltegravir Treatment Intensification Does Not Alter Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Infection or Immunoactivation in Subjects on Suppressive Therapy
Dahl V, Lee E, Peterson J, Spudich SS, Leppla I, Sinclair E, Fuchs D, Palmer S, Price RW. Raltegravir Treatment Intensification Does Not Alter Cerebrospinal Fluid HIV-1 Infection or Immunoactivation in Subjects on Suppressive Therapy. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2011, 204: 1936-1945. PMID: 22021620, PMCID: PMC3209817, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir667.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 RNA levelsHIV-1 RNAImmune activationRaltegravir intensificationRNA levelsPlasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNACSF HIV-1 RNA levelsMedian HIV-1 RNA levelT-cell surface antigen expressionHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNAOpen-label pilot studySingle-copy assayHIV RNA levelsCerebrospinal fluid infectionHIV-1 infectionCentral nervous systemBaseline viral suppressionSurface antigen expressionT cell activationCSF neopterinIntrathecal immunoactivationSuppressive therapyAntiretroviral therapyTreatment intensificationViral suppression
2010
Cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1 systemic viral controllers: absence of HIV-1 RNA and intrathecal inflammation
Probasco JC, Deeks SG, Lee E, Hoh R, Hunt PW, Liegler T, Price RW, Spudich SS. Cerebrospinal fluid in HIV-1 systemic viral controllers: absence of HIV-1 RNA and intrathecal inflammation. AIDS 2010, 24: 1001-1005. PMID: 20299968, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328331e15b.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV RNA levelsViral controllersIntrathecal inflammationCSF white blood cell countUndetectable plasma HIV RNA levelsCerebrospinal fluid HIV RNACSF HIV RNA levelsPlasma HIV RNA levelsTreatment-mediated viral suppressionWhite blood cell countCSF HIV infectionIP-10 concentrationsRNA levelsChronic systemic inflammationSubset of HIVHIV-1 RNAPlasma albumin ratioAbsence of therapyBlood cell countCentral nervous systemCross-sectional analysisCSF neopterinViremic HIVHIV RNAViral suppression
2008
Failure of atorvastatin to modulate CSF HIV-1 infection
Probasco JC, Spudich SS, Critchfield J, Lee E, Lollo N, Deeks SG, Price RW. Failure of atorvastatin to modulate CSF HIV-1 infection. Neurology 2008, 71: 521-524. PMID: 18695163, PMCID: PMC2676982, DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000325006.84658.e7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV-1 infectionHIV-1 RNA levelsT-cell countsCell countIntrathecal immunoactivationNeopterin concentrationsBlood lipidsBlood HIV-1 RNA levelCSF HIV-1 RNA levelsCSF white blood cell countCNS HIV-1 infectionSystemic HIV-1 infectionSingle-arm pilot studyWhite blood cell countPilot studyAntiretroviral-naïve subjectsCells/mulRNA levelsUntreated systemic infectionT-lymphocyte countsSmall uncontrolled studiesEffect of atorvastatinHMG-CoA reductase inhibitorsWeeks of treatmentHIV-1 RNA
2006
Prevalence of CXCR4 Tropism among Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-1–Infected Patients with Detectable Viremia
Hunt PW, Harrigan PR, Huang W, Bates M, Williamson DW, McCune JM, Price RW, Spudich SS, Lampiris H, Hoh R, Leigler T, Martin JN, Deeks SG. Prevalence of CXCR4 Tropism among Antiretroviral-Treated HIV-1–Infected Patients with Detectable Viremia. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2006, 194: 926-930. PMID: 16960780, DOI: 10.1086/507312.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsT-cell countsX4-tropic virusesCXCR4-tropic virusesDetectable viremiaCell countUntreated human immunodeficiency virusHIV-1-infected patientsClinic-based cohortTreatment-naive participantsT-cell depletionHuman immunodeficiency virusViral coreceptor usageCXCR4 tropismSalvage therapySignificant CD4Advanced immunodeficiencyImmunodeficiency virusCell depletionCoreceptor usageCCR5 inhibitorsLow pretreatmentViremiaCD4VirusPatients
2005
Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: Relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment
Spudich SS, Nilsson AC, Lollo ND, Liegler TJ, Petropoulos CJ, Deeks SG, Paxinos EE, Price RW. Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: Relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment. BMC Infectious Diseases 2005, 5: 98. PMID: 16266436, PMCID: PMC1299327, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-5-98.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAIDS Dementia ComplexAnti-HIV AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansLeukocytosisProspective StudiesRNA, ViralConceptsAIDS dementia complexCSF HIV viral loadCSF viral loadAntiretroviral therapyHIV viral loadViral loadCD4 countCerebrospinal fluidCSF pleocytosisCSF infectionHIV infectionSystemic infectionHIV RNACSF WBCNeurological performanceCSF white blood cell countResultsIn cross-sectional analysisWhite blood cell countBlood CD4 countCNS HIV infectionCSF HIV RNAHigher CSF WBCLow CD4 countPersistent plasma viremiaHIV RNA levels