2021
A Phase I Study of APX005M and Cabiralizumab with or without Nivolumab in Patients with Melanoma, Kidney Cancer, or Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1
Weiss SA, Djureinovic D, Jessel S, Krykbaeva I, Zhang L, Jilaveanu L, Ralabate A, Johnson B, Levit NS, Anderson G, Zelterman D, Wei W, Mahajan A, Trifan O, Bosenberg M, Kaech SM, Perry CJ, Damsky W, Gettinger S, Sznol M, Hurwitz M, Kluger HM. A Phase I Study of APX005M and Cabiralizumab with or without Nivolumab in Patients with Melanoma, Kidney Cancer, or Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to Anti-PD-1/PD-L1. Clinical Cancer Research 2021, 27: 4757-4767. PMID: 34140403, PMCID: PMC9236708, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0903.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnti-PD-1/PD-L1Non-small cell lung cancerCell lung cancerRenal cell carcinomaPD-L1Lung cancerDisease progressionCommon treatment-related adverse eventsPD-1/PD-L1 inhibitorsTreatment-related adverse eventsPhase 2 doseSubstantial clinical challengeUnconfirmed partial responseDose-limiting toxicityPD-L1 inhibitorsPhase I trialDose-escalation designPro-inflammatory cytokinesMultiple tumor typesAsymptomatic elevationStable diseaseIntolerable toxicityAdverse eventsMedian durationPartial response
2020
Differential effects of PD-L1 versus PD-1 blockade on myeloid inflammation in human cancer
Bar N, Costa F, Das R, Duffy A, Samur M, McCachren S, Gettinger S, Neparidze N, Parker TL, Bailur JK, Pendleton K, Bajpai R, Zhang L, Xu ML, Anderson T, Giuliani N, Nooka A, Cho HJ, Raval A, Shanmugam M, Dhodapkar KM, Dhodapkar M. Differential effects of PD-L1 versus PD-1 blockade on myeloid inflammation in human cancer. JCI Insight 2020, 5 PMID: 32427579, PMCID: PMC7406262, DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129353.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 blockadePD-1 blockadeAsymptomatic multiple myelomaMonocyte-derived DCsPD-L1Immunologic effectsT cellsMyeloid cellsAntigen-specific T cell expansionAnti-PD-1 therapyMyeloid antigen-presenting cellsDistinct inflammatory signatureSystemic immunologic effectsLung cancer patientsT cell expansionAntigen-presenting cellsMyeloid activationMyeloid inflammationInflammatory signatureNIH/NCICheckpoint blockadeDC maturationL1 therapyCombination therapyInflammatory phenotype
2018
FIR: Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarker Analysis of a Phase II Open-Label Study of Atezolizumab in PD-L1–Selected Patients With NSCLC
Spigel DR, Chaft JE, Gettinger S, Chao BH, Dirix L, Schmid P, Chow LQM, Hicks RJ, Leon L, Fredrickson J, Kowanetz M, Sandler A, Funke R, Rizvi NA. FIR: Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarker Analysis of a Phase II Open-Label Study of Atezolizumab in PD-L1–Selected Patients With NSCLC. Journal Of Thoracic Oncology 2018, 13: 1733-1742. PMID: 29775807, PMCID: PMC7455890, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.05.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsObjective response ratePD-L1 expressionAdverse eventsCohort 1Immune cell PD-L1 expressionInvestigator-assessed objective response ratePhase II open-label studyResponse rateIC PD-L1 expressionTumor cellsBaseline tumor samplesOpen-label studyPhase II studyProgression-free survivalResponse Evaluation CriteriaDuration of responseAtezolizumab monotherapyAdvanced NSCLCBrain metastasesMonotherapy studiesPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsII studyOverall survivalDifferential regulation of PD-L1 expression by immune and tumor cells in NSCLC and the response to treatment with atezolizumab (anti–PD-L1)
Kowanetz M, Zou W, Gettinger SN, Koeppen H, Kockx M, Schmid P, Kadel EE, Wistuba I, Chaft J, Rizvi NA, Spigel DR, Spira A, Hirsch FR, Cohen V, Smith D, Boyd Z, Miley N, Flynn S, Leveque V, Shames DS, Ballinger M, Mocci S, Shankar G, Funke R, Hampton G, Sandler A, Amler L, Mellman I, Chen DS, Hegde PS. Differential regulation of PD-L1 expression by immune and tumor cells in NSCLC and the response to treatment with atezolizumab (anti–PD-L1). Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2018, 115: e10119-e10126. PMID: 30297397, PMCID: PMC6205493, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802166115.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerPD-L1 expressionImmune cellsTumor cellsCases of NSCLCHigh PD-L1 expressionHigh PD-L1 levelsSingle-agent checkpoint inhibitorsAntitumor T-cell responsesTumor-infiltrating immune cellsPD-L1 levelsEffector T cellsTumor-infiltrating lymphocytesDurable clinical responsesPD-L1 geneT cell responsesCell lung cancerStratification of patientsPoor immune infiltrationCheckpoint inhibitorsClinical responseAnticancer immunityImmune infiltrationLung cancerDesmoplastic stromaSafety and clinical activity of atezolizumab monotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: final results from a phase I study
Horn L, Gettinger SN, Gordon MS, Herbst RS, Gandhi L, Felip E, Sequist LV, Spigel DR, Antonia SJ, Balmanoukian A, Cassier PA, Liu B, Kowanetz M, O'Hear C, Fassò M, Grossman W, Sandler A, Soria JC. Safety and clinical activity of atezolizumab monotherapy in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: final results from a phase I study. European Journal Of Cancer 2018, 101: 201-209. PMID: 30077125, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.06.031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsBaseline PD-L1 expressionObjective response ratePD-L1 expressionPD-L1Immune cellsGrade treatment-related adverse eventsSurvival rateCell lung cancer cohortLong-term clinical benefitTumor-infiltrating immune cellsTumor cellsPhase IPrevious systemic therapySingle-agent atezolizumabCell lung cancerExploratory subgroup analysisLung cancer cohortAtezolizumab monotherapyAdverse eventsDurable responsesMedian durationSystemic therapyAnticancer immunityPD-1Long-term survival follow-up of atezolizumab in combination with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer
Liu SV, Camidge DR, Gettinger SN, Giaccone G, Heist RS, Hodi FS, Ready NE, Zhang W, Wallin J, Funke R, Waterkamp D, Foster P, Iizuka K, Powderly J. Long-term survival follow-up of atezolizumab in combination with platinum-based doublet chemotherapy in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer. European Journal Of Cancer 2018, 101: 114-122. PMID: 30053670, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.06.033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCarboplatinCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungDisease-Free SurvivalFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedNeutropeniaSurvival AnalysisTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsObjective response rateProgression-free survivalCell lung cancerOverall survivalLung cancerAnti-programmed death ligand 1 antibodyGrade III/IV adverse eventsConfirmed objective response rateMedian progression-free survivalPlatinum-based doublet chemotherapyStandard first-line therapyDeath ligand 1 antibodyCell death protein 1Availability of immunotherapyMedian overall survivalFirst-line therapyLigand 1 antibodyDeath protein 1Actionable gene alterationsLong-term survivalDoublet chemotherapyImmunotherapy combinationsNab-PacNab-paclitaxelAdverse events
2017
Phase II Trial of Atezolizumab As First-Line or Subsequent Therapy for Patients With Programmed Death-Ligand 1–Selected Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (BIRCH)
Peters S, Gettinger S, Johnson ML, Jänne PA, Garassino MC, Christoph D, Toh CK, Rizvi NA, Chaft JE, Carcereny Costa E, Patel JD, Chow LQM, Koczywas M, Ho C, Früh M, van den Heuvel M, Rothenstein J, Reck M, Paz-Ares L, Shepherd FA, Kurata T, Li Z, Qiu J, Kowanetz M, Mocci S, Shankar G, Sandler A, Felip E. Phase II Trial of Atezolizumab As First-Line or Subsequent Therapy for Patients With Programmed Death-Ligand 1–Selected Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (BIRCH). Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2017, 35: jco.2016.71.947. PMID: 28609226, PMCID: PMC5562171, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.71.9476.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedian overall survivalOverall survivalImmune cellsPD-L1Tumor cellsLung cancerAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerNon-small cell lung cancerTumor-infiltrating immune cellsEnd pointEfficacy of atezolizumabEfficacy-evaluable patientsMethods Eligible patientsObjective response ratePrimary end pointSecondary end pointsLines of therapyPD-L1 expressionPD-L1 statusPhase II trialProgression-free survivalDeath ligand 1Cell lung cancerKRAS mutation statusAtezolizumab monotherapy
2016
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab as first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 012): results of an open-label, phase 1, multicohort study
Hellmann MD, Rizvi NA, Goldman JW, Gettinger SN, Borghaei H, Brahmer JR, Ready NE, Gerber DE, Chow LQ, Juergens RA, Shepherd FA, Laurie SA, Geese WJ, Agrawal S, Young TC, Li X, Antonia SJ. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab as first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (CheckMate 012): results of an open-label, phase 1, multicohort study. The Lancet Oncology 2016, 18: 31-41. PMID: 27932067, PMCID: PMC5476941, DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30624-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsCell lung cancerAdverse eventsObjective responseLung cancerGrade 3Treatment-related serious adverse eventsAnti-PD-1 monotherapyChemotherapy-naive NSCLCTolerable safety profileTreatment-related deathsSerious adverse eventsFirst-line therapyFirst-line treatmentPhase 3 studyUS academic centersFirst-line nivolumabWithdrawal of consentFurther clinical developmentHigh response ratePhase 1Bristol-Myers SquibbCombination nivolumabEligible patientsMedian followNivolumab in Combination With Platinum‐Based Doublet Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Rizvi NA, Hellmann MD, Brahmer JR, Juergens RA, Borghaei H, Gettinger S, Chow LQ, Gerber DE, Laurie SA, Goldman JW, Shepherd FA, Chen AC, Shen Y, Nathan FE, Harbison CT, Antonia S. Nivolumab in Combination With Platinum‐Based Doublet Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2016, 34: 2969-2979. PMID: 27354481, PMCID: PMC5569693, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.66.9861.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAntibodies, MonoclonalAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsB7-H1 AntigenCarboplatinCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungCisplatinCohort StudiesDeoxycytidineDisease-Free SurvivalDose-Response Relationship, DrugErbB ReceptorsFemaleGemcitabineHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedNivolumabPemetrexedProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)Survival RateConceptsPlatinum-based doublet chemotherapyTreatment-related adverse eventsProgression-free survival ratesDeath ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressionObjective response ratePercent of patientsLigand 1 expressionAdverse eventsPaclitaxel-carboplatinDoublet chemotherapyOverall survivalOS ratesLung cancerDeath-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodyAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerResponse rateSurvival rateNon-small cell lung cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitor antibodyCheckpoint inhibitor antibodyEfficacy of nivolumabPaclitaxel-carboplatin groupDose-limiting toxicityCurrent standard therapyWeeks of treatmentNivolumab Monotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Gettinger S, Rizvi NA, Chow LQ, Borghaei H, Brahmer J, Ready N, Gerber DE, Shepherd FA, Antonia S, Goldman JW, Juergens RA, Laurie SA, Nathan FE, Shen Y, Harbison CT, Hellmann MD. Nivolumab Monotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2016, 34: 2980-2987. PMID: 27354485, PMCID: PMC5569692, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.66.9929.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsObjective response ratePD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressionAdverse eventsOverall survivalNivolumab monotherapyAdvanced NSCLCLung cancerGrade 3Death-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodyAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerGrade treatment-related adverse eventsNon-small cell lung cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitor antibodyProgression-free survival ratesCheckpoint inhibitor antibodyExploratory end pointsFirst tumor assessmentFirst-line monotherapyOngoing complete responseTolerable safety profileMedian overall survivalGrade 3 rashOnly grade 3Cell lung cancerAssociation of Acute Interstitial Nephritis With Programmed Cell Death 1 Inhibitor Therapy in Lung Cancer Patients
Shirali AC, Perazella MA, Gettinger S. Association of Acute Interstitial Nephritis With Programmed Cell Death 1 Inhibitor Therapy in Lung Cancer Patients. American Journal Of Kidney Diseases 2016, 68: 287-291. PMID: 27113507, DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.02.057.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute interstitial nephritisPD-1 inhibitor therapyInhibitor therapyInterstitial nephritisLung cancerNon-small cell lung cancerAnti-PD-1 antibodyAcute kidney injuryImmune checkpoint inhibitorsT cell immunityCell lung cancerLung cancer patientsClinical trial dataRenal toleranceCheckpoint inhibitorsKidney injuryDeath-1Kidney biopsyCancer patientsPatientsTrial dataTherapyAdverse effectsDrugsNephritis
2015
Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Borghaei H, Paz-Ares L, Horn L, Spigel DR, Steins M, Ready NE, Chow LQ, Vokes EE, Felip E, Holgado E, Barlesi F, Kohlhäufl M, Arrieta O, Burgio MA, Fayette J, Lena H, Poddubskaya E, Gerber DE, Gettinger SN, Rudin CM, Rizvi N, Crinò L, Blumenschein GR, Antonia SJ, Dorange C, Harbison CT, Graf Finckenstein F, Brahmer JR. Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. New England Journal Of Medicine 2015, 373: 1627-1639. PMID: 26412456, PMCID: PMC5705936, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1507643.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProgression-free survivalOverall survival rateOverall survivalNivolumab groupDocetaxel groupLung cancerAdvanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancerNonsquamous non-small cell lung cancerSurvival rateNon-small cell lung cancerInternational phase 3 studyPD-1-mediated signalingPlatinum-based doublet chemotherapyTreatment-related adverse eventsEnd pointAdvanced nonsquamous NSCLCMedian overall survivalPrimary end pointPD-1 ligandsPhase 3 studyPlatinum-based chemotherapyCell lung cancerBody surface areaDoublet chemotherapyNonsquamous NSCLCImmune Checkpoint Modulation for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Soria JC, Marabelle A, Brahmer JR, Gettinger S. Immune Checkpoint Modulation for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 2015, 21: 2256-2262. PMID: 25979932, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2959.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntineoplastic AgentsCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungHumansImmunologic FactorsImmunotherapyLung NeoplasmsTumor EscapeConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerCell lung cancerImmune checkpointsL1 antibodyLung cancerClinical trialsT cellsImmune-related progression-free survivalCytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4Response rateT-lymphocyte-associated protein 4Tumor PD-L1 expressionRandomized phase II trialImmune checkpoint modulationObjective response ratePD-L1 expressionPhase II trialProgression-free survivalDeath ligand 1Immunosuppressive T cellsAdditional clinical trialsLung cancer patientsLow toxicity profileNSCLC histologyOverall Survival and Long-Term Safety of Nivolumab (Anti–Programmed Death 1 Antibody, BMS-936558, ONO-4538) in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Gettinger SN, Horn L, Gandhi L, Spigel DR, Antonia SJ, Rizvi NA, Powderly JD, Heist RS, Carvajal RD, Jackman DM, Sequist LV, Smith DC, Leming P, Carbone DP, Pinder-Schenck MC, Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Sosman JA, Sznol M, McDermott DF, Pardoll DM, Sankar V, Ahlers CM, Salvati M, Wigginton JM, Hellmann MD, Kollia GD, Gupta AK, Brahmer JR. Overall Survival and Long-Term Safety of Nivolumab (Anti–Programmed Death 1 Antibody, BMS-936558, ONO-4538) in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2015, 33: 2004-2012. PMID: 25897158, PMCID: PMC4672027, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.58.3708.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOverall survivalLong-term safetyAdvanced NSCLCLung cancerDeath-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodyAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerNon-small cell lung cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitor antibodyTreatment-related adverse eventsCheckpoint inhibitor antibodyTreatment-related deathsMedian overall survivalMedian response durationAdvanced solid tumorsPhase I trialCell lung cancerRandomized clinical trialsFurther clinical developmentHuman immunoglobulin G4Nivolumab 1Nivolumab monotherapyExpansion cohortLast doseNonsquamous NSCLCAdverse eventsPrecipitation of Autoimmune Diabetes With Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy
Hughes J, Vudattu N, Sznol M, Gettinger S, Kluger H, Lupsa B, Herold KC. Precipitation of Autoimmune Diabetes With Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. Diabetes Care 2015, 38: e55-e57. PMID: 25805871, PMCID: PMC4370325, DOI: 10.2337/dc14-2349.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsCombination Therapy with Anti–CTLA-4 and Anti–PD-1 Leads to Distinct Immunologic Changes In Vivo
Das R, Verma R, Sznol M, Boddupalli CS, Gettinger SN, Kluger H, Callahan M, Wolchok JD, Halaban R, Dhodapkar MV, Dhodapkar KM. Combination Therapy with Anti–CTLA-4 and Anti–PD-1 Leads to Distinct Immunologic Changes In Vivo. The Journal Of Immunology 2015, 194: 950-959. PMID: 25539810, PMCID: PMC4380504, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401686.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, SurfaceAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCTLA-4 AntigenCytokinesGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansImmunophenotypingIpilimumabLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingNeoplasmsNivolumabProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorSignal TransductionT-Lymphocyte SubsetsConceptsPD-1T cellsCTLA-4Checkpoint blockadeCombination therapyReceptor occupancyCombination immune checkpoint blockadeCTLA-4 immune checkpointsPD-1 receptor occupancyTransitional memory T cellsAnti-PD-1 therapyAnti CTLA-4Immune-based combinationsPD-1 blockadeSoluble IL-2RImmune checkpoint blockadeNK cell functionMemory T cellsTherapy-induced changesT cell activationTumor T cellsHuman T cellsRemarkable antitumor effectImmunologic changesImmunologic effects
2014
Predictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patients
Herbst RS, Soria JC, Kowanetz M, Fine GD, Hamid O, Gordon MS, Sosman JA, McDermott DF, Powderly JD, Gettinger SN, Kohrt HE, Horn L, Lawrence DP, Rost S, Leabman M, Xiao Y, Mokatrin A, Koeppen H, Hegde PS, Mellman I, Chen DS, Hodi FS. Predictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patients. Nature 2014, 515: 563-567. PMID: 25428504, PMCID: PMC4836193, DOI: 10.1038/nature14011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedB7-H1 AntigenBiomarkersChemokine CX3CL1Clinical ProtocolsCTLA-4 AntigenDisease-Free SurvivalFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansImmunotherapyLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsTreatment OutcomeYoung Adult
2012
Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer
Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, Gettinger SN, Smith DC, McDermott DF, Powderly JD, Carvajal RD, Sosman JA, Atkins MB, Leming PD, Spigel DR, Antonia SJ, Horn L, Drake CG, Pardoll DM, Chen L, Sharfman WH, Anders RA, Taube JM, McMiller TL, Xu H, Korman AJ, Jure-Kunkel M, Agrawal S, McDonald D, Kollia GD, Gupta A, Wigginton JM, Sznol M. Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer. New England Journal Of Medicine 2012, 366: 2443-2454. PMID: 22658127, PMCID: PMC3544539, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1200690.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnti-PD-1 antibodyCell lung cancerRenal cell cancerObjective responseLung cancerAdverse eventsPD-L1Drug-related adverse eventsPD-1 ligand expressionCastration-resistant prostate cancerImmune-related causesPretreatment tumor specimensAdverse event profilePD-L1 expressionPD-1-PDCumulative response rateBMS-936558Immune correlatesL1 pathwayAdvanced melanomaComplete responseDeath-1PD-1Negative tumorsPositive tumors
2010
Management of Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Triano LR, Deshpande H, Gettinger SN. Management of Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Drugs 2010, 70: 167-179. PMID: 20108990, DOI: 10.2165/11532200-000000000-00000.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerNon-small cell lung cancerCell lung cancerEpidermal growth factor receptorGrowth factor receptorOverall survivalLung cancerThird-line treatmentFirst-line chemotherapyFactor receptorManagement of patientsVascular endothelial growth factorQuality of lifeEndothelial growth factorMedian survivalSystemic therapyRandomized trialsTraditional chemotherapySmall molecule inhibitorsFDA approvalUS FDAChemotherapyKey mediatorGrowth factorAdditional agents
2008
Targeted Therapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Gettinger S. Targeted Therapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Seminars In Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2008, 29: 291-301. PMID: 18506667, DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076749.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAngiogenesis InhibitorsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic AgentsBenzenesulfonatesBevacizumabCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungDrug Delivery SystemsEpidermal Growth FactorErlotinib HydrochlorideHumansIndolesLung NeoplasmsNiacinamidePhenylurea CompoundsPiperidinesProtein Kinase InhibitorsPyridinesPyrrolesQuinazolinesSignal TransductionSorafenibSunitinibTreatment OutcomeVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AConceptsPhase II trialLung cancerEpidermal growth factor receptorII trialEGFR inhibitorsSmall molecule inhibitorsAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerNon-small cell lung cancerStandard first-line chemotherapyVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathwayEndothelial growth factor pathwayCancer cell pathwaysStandard salvage chemotherapyFirst-line chemotherapyPhase III studyPhase III trialsCell lung cancerSignificant survival advantageEGFR gene mutationsLeast equivalent activityVEGF receptor tyrosine kinasesCancer cell proliferationGrowth factor pathwaysGrowth factor receptorSalvage chemotherapy