2023
Associations of tissue tumor mutational burden and mutational status with clinical outcomes in KEYNOTE-042: pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for advanced PD-L1-positive NSCLC ☆
Mok T, Lopes G, Cho B, Kowalski D, Kasahara K, Wu Y, de Castro G, Turna H, Cristescu R, Aurora-Garg D, Loboda A, Lunceford J, Kobie J, Ayers M, Pietanza M, Piperdi B, Herbst R. Associations of tissue tumor mutational burden and mutational status with clinical outcomes in KEYNOTE-042: pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for advanced PD-L1-positive NSCLC ☆. Annals Of Oncology 2023, 34: 377-388. PMID: 36709038, DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.01.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTissue tumor mutational burdenImproved overall survivalProgression-free survivalTumor mutational burdenOverall survivalKEYNOTE-042Pembrolizumab monotherapyKRAS mutationsClinical utilityMutational burdenMutation statusPD-L1 tumor proportion scoreStandard first-line treatmentEGFR/ALK alterationsAdvanced PD-L1First-line treatmentPD-L1 expressionTumor proportion scorePlatinum-based chemotherapyDeath ligand 1Cell lung cancerPotential predictive biomarkersCut pointsKRAS mutation statusRetrospective exploratory analysis
2022
Quantitative assessment of Siglec-15 expression in lung, breast, head, and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer.
Shafi S, Aung T, Xirou V, Gavrielatou N, Vathiotis I, Fernandez A, Moutafi M, Yaghoobi V, Herbst R, Liu L, Langermann S, Rimm D. Quantitative assessment of Siglec-15 expression in lung, breast, head, and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer. Laboratory Investigation 2022, 102: 1143-1149. PMID: 36775354, DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00796-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSiglec-15 expressionNon-small cell lung cancerNeck squamous cell carcinomaProgression-free survivalSquamous cell carcinomaCancer typesOverall survivalCell carcinomaBladder cancerImmune cellsSiglec-15PD-1/PD-L1 blockadePotential future clinical trialsQuantitative immunofluorescencePD-L1 blockadeStromal immune cellsImmune checkpoint blockadeCell lung cancerFuture clinical trialsNew potential targetsCheckpoint blockadePD-L1Lung cancerClinical trialsIntra-tumoral heterogeneitySpatially resolved proteomic profiling identifies tumor cell CD44 as a biomarker associated with sensitivity to PD-1 axis blockade in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Moutafi MK, Molero M, Morilla S, Baena J, Vathiotis IA, Gavrielatou N, Castro-Labrador L, de Garibay GR, Adradas V, Orive D, Valencia K, Calvo A, Montuenga LM, Aix S, Schalper KA, Herbst RS, Paz-Ares L, Rimm DL, Zugazagoitia J. Spatially resolved proteomic profiling identifies tumor cell CD44 as a biomarker associated with sensitivity to PD-1 axis blockade in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2022, 10: e004757. PMID: 36002182, PMCID: PMC9413286, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004757.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProgression-free survivalPD-1 axis blockadePD-1 axis inhibitorsTumor proportion scoreCell lung cancerAxis blockadeQuantitative immunofluorescenceAxis inhibitionLung cancerCD44 levelsCD44 expressionTumor compartmentsLonger progression-free survivalAbsence of immunotherapyYale Cancer CenterWhole tissue sectionsQIF scoresExternal independent validationMost patientsOverall survivalTim-3Immune compartmentImmunotherapy strategiesPD-L1Untreated cohortProgrammed Death-Ligand 1 and Programmed Death-Ligand 2 mRNAs Measured Using Closed-System Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Are Associated With Outcome and High Negative Predictive Value in Immunotherapy-Treated NSCLC
Fernandez AI, Gavrielatou N, McCann L, Shafi S, Moutafi MK, Martinez-Morilla S, Vathiotis IA, Aung TN, Yaghoobi V, Bai Y, Chan YG, Weidler J, Herbst R, Bates M, Rimm DL. Programmed Death-Ligand 1 and Programmed Death-Ligand 2 mRNAs Measured Using Closed-System Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Are Associated With Outcome and High Negative Predictive Value in Immunotherapy-Treated NSCLC. Journal Of Thoracic Oncology 2022, 17: 1078-1085. PMID: 35764237, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.06.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune checkpoint inhibitorsHigh negative predictive valueLow stage patientsICI therapyPD-L1Negative predictive valueAdjuvant settingLong-term benefitsPredictive valueProgrammed Death Ligand 1PD-L1 mRNA levelsCurrent predictive biomarkersHigh PD-L1Death ligand 1Lung cancer managementPD-L1 mRNAUseful objective methodReal-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactionMRNA levelsStandard of careReverse transcription-polymerase chain reactionQuantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactionTranscription-polymerase chain reactionMRNA expression levelsAdvanced NSCLCAdaptive immune resistance at the tumour site: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities
Kim TK, Vandsemb EN, Herbst RS, Chen L. Adaptive immune resistance at the tumour site: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2022, 21: 529-540. PMID: 35701637, DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00493-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdaptive immune resistanceImmune resistanceCell death 1 ligand 1Tumor siteDeath 1 ligand 1Anti-PD therapyBlockade of PDL1Advanced-stage cancerFraction of patientsStrong mechanistic rationaleFuture drug developmentCurrent cancer therapiesImmune attackClinical trialsSolid tumorsTherapeutic opportunitiesTumorsCancer therapySelective inductionAntitumour drugsLigand 1Drug developmentTherapyAdditive effectMechanistic rationaleRole of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and spatial immune heterogeneity in sensitivity to PD-1 axis blockers in non-small cell lung cancer
de Rodas M, Nagineni V, Ravi A, Datar IJ, Mino-Kenudson M, Corredor G, Barrera C, Behlman L, Rimm DL, Herbst RS, Madabhushi A, Riess JW, Velcheti V, Hellmann MD, Gainor J, Schalper KA. Role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and spatial immune heterogeneity in sensitivity to PD-1 axis blockers in non-small cell lung cancer. Journal For ImmunoTherapy Of Cancer 2022, 10: e004440. PMID: 35649657, PMCID: PMC9161072, DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004440.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitorsT-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3Cell lung cancerCytotoxic T cellsT cellsImmune heterogeneityLung cancerT cell exhaustion marker expressionPD-L1 positive patientsT cell exhaustion markersAdaptive antitumor immune responsesCell death protein 1Baseline tumor samplesExhaustion marker expressionIndependent NSCLC cohortsTumor immune heterogeneityT-cell densityAntitumor immune responseT cell infiltrationDeath protein 1Multi-institutional cohortActivation gene-3Helper T cellsRole of tumorQuantitative assessment of Siglec-15 expression in lung, breast, head, and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer
Shafi S, Aung TN, Xirou V, Gavrielatou N, Vathiotis IA, Fernandez A, Moutafi M, Yaghoobi V, Herbst RS, Liu LN, Langermann S, Rimm DL. Quantitative assessment of Siglec-15 expression in lung, breast, head, and neck squamous cell carcinoma and bladder cancer. Laboratory Investigation 2022, 102: 1143-1149. PMID: 35581307, PMCID: PMC10211373, DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00796-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSiglec-15 expressionNon-small cell lung cancerNeck squamous cell carcinomaProgression-free survivalSquamous cell carcinomaCancer typesOverall survivalCell carcinomaBladder cancerImmune cellsSiglec-15PD-1/PD-L1 blockadePotential future clinical trialsQuantitative immunofluorescencePD-L1 blockadeStromal immune cellsImmune checkpoint blockadeCell lung cancerFuture clinical trialsNew potential targetsCheckpoint blockadePD-L1Lung cancerClinical trialsIntra-tumoral heterogeneityDevelopment of an immunohistochemical assay for Siglec-15
Shafi S, Aung TN, Robbins C, Zugazagoitia J, Vathiotis I, Gavrielatou N, Yaghoobi V, Fernandez A, Niu S, Liu LN, Cusumano ZT, Leelatian N, Cole K, Wang H, Homer R, Herbst RS, Langermann S, Rimm DL. Development of an immunohistochemical assay for Siglec-15. Laboratory Investigation 2022, 102: 771-778. PMID: 35459795, PMCID: PMC9253057, DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00785-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSiglec-15IHC assaysPD-L1PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitionPD-L1 blockadePD-L1 inhibitionHigh expressionFuture clinical trialsImmunoglobulin-type lectinsSiglec-15 expressionCompanion diagnostic assayPromising new targetTumor histologyImmunotherapeutic targetLung cancerImmune cellsClinical trialsNovel recombinant antibodiesCancer histologyImmunohistochemical assaysMyeloid cellsTumor typesScoring systemNew targetsHigh concordance
2021
Updated Overall Survival Analysis From IMpower110: Atezolizumab Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Treatment-Naive Programmed Death-Ligand 1–Selected NSCLC
Jassem J, de Marinis F, Giaccone G, Vergnenegre A, Barrios CH, Morise M, Felip E, Oprean C, Kim YC, Andric Z, Mocci S, Enquist I, Komatsubara K, McCleland M, Kuriki H, Villalobos M, Phan S, Spigel DR, Herbst RS. Updated Overall Survival Analysis From IMpower110: Atezolizumab Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Treatment-Naive Programmed Death-Ligand 1–Selected NSCLC. Journal Of Thoracic Oncology 2021, 16: 1872-1882. PMID: 34265434, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.06.019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 expressionWT patientsExpression subgroupsWT groupExpression groupHigh PD-L1 expression groupLow PD-L1 expression groupHigh PD-L1 expressionSignificant overall survival benefitNew safety signalsOverall survival benefitPrimary end pointPhase 3 trialPlatinum-based chemotherapyOverall survival analysisAtezolizumab armChemotherapy armOS benefitMetastatic NSCLCSurvival benefitOS improvementSafety signalsAtezolizumabSafety dataPatientsFive Year Survival Update From KEYNOTE-010: Pembrolizumab Versus Docetaxel for Previously Treated, Programmed Death-Ligand 1–Positive Advanced NSCLC
Herbst RS, Garon EB, Kim DW, Cho BC, Gervais R, Perez-Gracia JL, Han JY, Majem M, Forster MD, Monnet I, Novello S, Gubens MA, Boyer M, Su WC, Samkari A, Jensen EH, Kobie J, Piperdi B, Baas P. Five Year Survival Update From KEYNOTE-010: Pembrolizumab Versus Docetaxel for Previously Treated, Programmed Death-Ligand 1–Positive Advanced NSCLC. Journal Of Thoracic Oncology 2021, 16: 1718-1732. PMID: 34048946, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.05.001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 tumor proportion scoreTumor proportion scoreAdvanced NSCLCOverall survivalPembrolizumab improved overall survivalTissue tumor mutational burdenExploratory biomarker analysisImproved overall survivalProgrammed Death LigandTumor mutational burdenDocetaxel 75KEYNOTE-010Pembrolizumab dosesPembrolizumab treatmentSurvival updateData cutoffObjective responseHazard ratioOS ratesCare treatmentLong-term benefitsMedian studyImproved outcomesPembrolizumabProportion scoreAtezolizumab for PD-L1-Selected Patients with NSCLC. Reply.
Herbst RS, Kuriki H, Spigel DR. Atezolizumab for PD-L1-Selected Patients with NSCLC. Reply. New England Journal Of Medicine 2021, 384: 584-585. PMID: 33567202, DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2032432.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2020
Phase 1 Expansion Cohort of Ramucirumab Plus Pembrolizumab in Advanced Treatment-Naive NSCLC
Herbst RS, Arkenau HT, Bendell J, Arrowsmith E, Wermke M, Soriano A, Penel N, Santana-Davila R, Bischoff H, Chau I, Mi G, Wang H, Rasmussen E, Ferry D, Chao BH, Paz-Ares L. Phase 1 Expansion Cohort of Ramucirumab Plus Pembrolizumab in Advanced Treatment-Naive NSCLC. Journal Of Thoracic Oncology 2020, 16: 289-298. PMID: 33068794, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedB7-H1 AntigenCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungHumansLung NeoplasmsConceptsProgression-free survivalTumor proportion scoreMedian progression-free survivalTreatment-related adverse eventsPD-L1 expressionT-cell signatureCD274 gene expressionAdverse eventsPhase 1a/b trialPD-L1 tumor proportion scoreHigh PD-L1 expressionManageable safety profileMedian overall survivalObjective response ratePD-L1 positivityFirst-line therapyOverall survival ratePD-L1 immunohistochemistryCohort EPembrolizumab treatmentPFS ratesExpansion cohortClinical responseOverall survivalEfficacy signalsAtezolizumab for First-Line Treatment of PD-L1–Selected Patients with NSCLC
Herbst RS, Giaccone G, de Marinis F, Reinmuth N, Vergnenegre A, Barrios CH, Morise M, Felip E, Andric Z, Geater S, Özgüroğlu M, Zou W, Sandler A, Enquist I, Komatsubara K, Deng Y, Kuriki H, Wen X, McCleland M, Mocci S, Jassem J, Spigel DR. Atezolizumab for First-Line Treatment of PD-L1–Selected Patients with NSCLC. New England Journal Of Medicine 2020, 383: 1328-1339. PMID: 32997907, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1917346.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntineoplastic AgentsAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsB7-H1 AntigenCarboplatinCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungCarcinoma, Squamous CellCisplatinDeoxycytidineFemaleGemcitabineHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleMiddle AgedMutationSurvival AnalysisConceptsPD-L1 expressionBlood-based tumor mutational burdenProgression-free survivalPlatinum-based chemotherapyTumor mutational burdenOverall survivalWild-type tumorsAtezolizumab groupChemotherapy groupAdverse eventsPD-L1Mutational burdenHigh PD-L1 expressionPD-L1 expression statusTumor-infiltrating immune cellsMedian overall survivalFirst-line treatmentPD-L1 assaysPhase 3 trialLonger overall survivalSubgroup of patientsCell lung cancerAtezolizumab treatmentSquamous NSCLCTreat populationPD-1/PD-L1 Blockers in NSCLC Brain Metastases: Challenging Paradigms and Clinical Practice
Eguren-Santamaria I, Sanmamed MF, Goldberg SB, Kluger HM, Idoate MA, Lu B, Corral J, Schalper KA, Herbst RS, Gil-Bazo I. PD-1/PD-L1 Blockers in NSCLC Brain Metastases: Challenging Paradigms and Clinical Practice. Clinical Cancer Research 2020, 26: 4186-4197. PMID: 32354698, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0798.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitorsAnti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodiesAdvanced non-small cell lung cancerNSCLC brain metastasesBrain metastasesPD-L1 antibodiesAnti-PD-1/PD-L1 agentsPD-1/PD-L1 blockersActive central nervous system (CNS) involvementHigh PD-L1 expressionAnti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugsCentral nervous system involvementPivotal phase III trialsActive brain metastasesCNS response ratesPD-L1 agentsPD-L1 blockersSystemic therapy combinationsNervous system involvementPD-L1 expressionPhase III trialsSubset of patientsCell lung cancerPD-L1 drugsChemoradiotherapy efficacy is predicted by intra-tumour CD8+/FoxP3+ double positive T cell density in locally advanced N2 non–small-cell lung carcinoma
Boulle G, Velut Y, Mansuet-Lupo A, Gibault L, Blons H, Fournel L, Boni A, Cremer I, Wislez M, Duchatelle V, Trédaniel J, Hammond S, Herbst R, Alifano M, Giraud P, Damotte D. Chemoradiotherapy efficacy is predicted by intra-tumour CD8+/FoxP3+ double positive T cell density in locally advanced N2 non–small-cell lung carcinoma. European Journal Of Cancer 2020, 135: 221-229. PMID: 32610210, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.04.040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overB7-H1 AntigenCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesChemoradiotherapyChemoradiotherapy, AdjuvantFemaleForkhead Transcription FactorsHumansLung NeoplasmsLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingRetrospective StudiesTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeTumor MicroenvironmentConceptsT-cell densityCell lung carcinomaN2 NSCLCPatient survivalLung carcinomaClinical dataT cellsRadiotherapy efficacyIII-N2 NSCLCSurgery/chemotherapyPD-L1 expressionStandard of careImmunogenic cell deathDouble-positive cellsAction of radiotherapyIII-N2Immune environmentAbscopal effectChemoradiotherapy efficacyImmune infiltrationImmune cellsPositive cellsMultivariate analysisRadiotherapyTumor samplesPembrolizumab for management of patients with NSCLC and brain metastases: long-term results and biomarker analysis from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial
Goldberg SB, Schalper KA, Gettinger SN, Mahajan A, Herbst RS, Chiang AC, Lilenbaum R, Wilson FH, Omay SB, Yu JB, Jilaveanu L, Tran T, Pavlik K, Rowen E, Gerrish H, Komlo A, Gupta R, Wyatt H, Ribeiro M, Kluger Y, Zhou G, Wei W, Chiang VL, Kluger HM. Pembrolizumab for management of patients with NSCLC and brain metastases: long-term results and biomarker analysis from a non-randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. The Lancet Oncology 2020, 21: 655-663. PMID: 32251621, PMCID: PMC7380514, DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30111-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrain metastasis responseYale Cancer CenterPD-L1 expressionPhase 2 trialUntreated brain metastasesBrain metastasesAdrenal insufficiencyAdverse eventsMetastasis responseCNS diseaseCancer CenterCohort 2Cohort 1Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance statusTreatment-related serious adverse eventsModified Response Evaluation CriteriaStage IV NSCLCTreatment-related deathsAcute kidney injuryPD-1 blockadeSerious adverse eventsSolid Tumors criteriaPhase 2 studyProportion of patientsResponse Evaluation CriteriaLong-Term Outcomes and Retreatment Among Patients With Previously Treated, Programmed Death-Ligand 1‒Positive, Advanced Non‒Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the KEYNOTE-010 Study.
Herbst RS, Garon EB, Kim DW, Cho BC, Perez-Gracia JL, Han JY, Arvis CD, Majem M, Forster MD, Monnet I, Novello S, Szalai Z, Gubens MA, Su WC, Ceresoli GL, Samkari A, Jensen EH, Lubiniecki GM, Baas P. Long-Term Outcomes and Retreatment Among Patients With Previously Treated, Programmed Death-Ligand 1‒Positive, Advanced Non‒Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the KEYNOTE-010 Study. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2020, 38: 1580-1590. PMID: 32078391, DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.02446.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedB7-H1 AntigenCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungFemaleHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleTreatment OutcomeConceptsTumor proportion scoreTreatment-related adverse eventsSecond-course treatmentOverall survivalAdverse eventsLung cancerGrade 3Advanced non-small cell lung cancerPD-L1 tumor proportion scoreNon-small cell lung cancerLong-term OS benefitPembrolizumab improved overall survivalProgression-free survival ratesProgrammed Death Ligand 1Improved overall survivalDeath ligand 1Cell lung cancerLong-term outcomesYears of treatmentOS benefitPembrolizumab dosesStable diseaseAdvanced NSCLCEligible patientsDurable responsesImmune Cell PD-L1 Colocalizes with Macrophages and Is Associated with Outcome in PD-1 Pathway Blockade Therapy
Liu Y, Zugazagoitia J, Ahmed FS, Henick BS, Gettinger S, Herbst RS, Schalper KA, Rimm DL. Immune Cell PD-L1 Colocalizes with Macrophages and Is Associated with Outcome in PD-1 Pathway Blockade Therapy. Clinical Cancer Research 2020, 26: 970-977. PMID: 31615933, PMCID: PMC7024671, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1 expressionHigh PD-L1 expressionPD-L1 levelsPD-L1Immune cellsTumor cellsT cellsHigh PD-L1 levelsPredominant immune cell typeNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) casesDifferent immune cell subsetsCell lung cancer casesElevated PD-L1High PD-L1Better overall survivalDeath ligand 1Natural killer cellsImmune cell subsetsMultiple immune cellsCytotoxic T cellsLung cancer casesImmune cell typesCD68 levelsCell typesBlockade therapy
2019
Quantitative Assessment of CMTM6 in the Tumor Microenvironment and Association with Response to PD-1 Pathway Blockade in Advanced-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Zugazagoitia J, Liu Y, Toki M, McGuire J, Ahmed FS, Henick BS, Gupta R, Gettinger S, Herbst R, Schalper KA, Rimm DL. Quantitative Assessment of CMTM6 in the Tumor Microenvironment and Association with Response to PD-1 Pathway Blockade in Advanced-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Journal Of Thoracic Oncology 2019, 14: 2084-2096. PMID: 31605795, PMCID: PMC6951804, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.09.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPD-L1CMTM6 expressionPathway blockadeAdvanced stage non-small cell lung cancerNon-small cell lung cancerPD-1 pathway blockadeTumor cellsAbsence of immunotherapyMultiplexed quantitative immunofluorescencePD-L1 coexpressionStromal immune cellsPD-L1 expressionT cell infiltrationLonger overall survivalCell lung cancerIndependent retrospective cohortsKRAS mutational statusExpression of CMTM6MARVEL transmembrane domainNSCLC cohortOverall survivalRetrospective cohortAxis blockadeClinical featuresImmunotherapy outcomesImmunotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Facts and Hopes
Doroshow DB, Sanmamed MF, Hastings K, Politi K, Rimm DL, Chen L, Melero I, Schalper KA, Herbst RS. Immunotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Facts and Hopes. Clinical Cancer Research 2019, 25: 4592-4602. PMID: 30824587, PMCID: PMC6679805, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1538.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsNon-small cell lung cancerImmune checkpoint inhibitorsCell lung cancerPD-L1Lung cancerNonsquamous non-small cell lung cancerOngoing translational workPD-1 axisFirst-line therapyPD-L1 expressionProportion of patientsTumor mutational burdenAdvanced diseaseOverall survivalTumor inflammationMutational burdenPatientsNovel markerChemotherapyTherapyIndicative biomarkersCancerTranslational workBiomarkersSurvival